Rainer Schmitt, Nina Hesse, Florian Goehtz, Karl-Josef Prommersberger, Milko de Jonge, Jan-Peter Grunz
The pathoanatomy of carpal instability is multifactorial and usually complex. A thorough medical history and clinical examination are essential, as well as profound knowledge of the specific instability patterns. The stability of the wrist is ensured by the carpal joint surfaces, by intact intra-articular (particularly the scapholunate interosseous ligament) and intracapsular ligaments, and by crossing extensor and flexor tendons, the latter making the proximal carpal row an "intercalated segment." An important classification feature is the distinction between dissociative and nondissociative forms of carpal instability...
April 2021: Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology