Disaster

Ulva is one of the main green algae causing green tide disasters. Ulvan is the primarily component polysaccharide of the cell wall of Ulva and its complex structure and monosaccharide composition resulted in various biological activities. However, the high-value and effective utilization of extracted ulvan have been obstructed by limitations ranging from large molecular weight and low solubility to poor bioavailability. Ulva oligosaccharide obtained by degrading ulvan can not only ideally retain the various biological activities of ulvan very well but also effectively solve the problems of low solubility and poor bioavailability...

Droughts and heat waves exhibit synergistic effects and are among the world's most costly disasters. To explore the spatiotemporal differences and formation mechanisms of the combined vulnerability to droughts and heat waves in Shandong Province over the past 20 years, a vulnerability scoping diagram (VSD) model with three dimensions-exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability-was constructed to assess and compare the combined vulnerability to high-temperature and drought events, considering economic and social conditions...

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, women have experienced more job loss owing to an increase in household and caregiving responsibilities. Gender inequities coupled with pandemic-related stressors have resulted in poor health outcomes among women. Globally, women have reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in response to the pandemic. Evidence suggests that social determinants of health have contributed to women's poor health outcomes. Materials and Methods: We used the Understanding America Study to describe the social impacts women have experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared with men and to explore the association between partnership status and social impacts in Los Angeles...

This editorial monograph explores the advances and pitfalls of the common forms of purposeful sampling. Purposeful sampling is a common research design in qualitative research.

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains understudied in disaster nephrology. This retrospective multicenter study explores the experiences of PD survivors following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake. METHODS: Adult PD patients from 11 affected cities were analyzed to assess challenges faced during and postearthquake, alongside clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Among 101 participants (median age: 45 years, median PD duration: 24 months), 57 were female, with 79 on continuous ambulatory PD...

The construction of a yield loss evaluation index for the cold vortex type light-temperature-water composite adversity during rice flowering period in Northeast China is important for elucidating the impacts of cold vortex type composite disasters on rice yield loss in middle and high latitude areas. Moreover, it can provide meteorological support to ensure safe production of high-quality japonica rice in China and contribute to regional disaster reduction and efficiency improvement. By combining growth period data, meteorological data, and yield data, we delineated and constructed the composite stress occurrence index of cold vortex type light-temperature-water at the flowering stage of japonica...

Aim and objective This study aims to assess the accuracy of gender estimation using gonial and antegonial angles and determine the gender of the given samples using gonial and antegonial angles. Introduction An essential component of the human skull, the mandible, exhibits sexual dimorphism, making it a valuable tool in forensic and anthropological investigations for detecting sex. This procedure can be especially difficult in situations where there are large numbers of casualties, natural disasters, or widely dispersed remains...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The primary ethical principle guiding general medical practice is autonomy. However, in mass casualty (MASCAL) or disaster scenarios, the principles of beneficence and justice become of foremost concern. Despite multiple reviews, publications, and training courses available to prepare for a MASCAL incident, a minority of physicians and healthcare providers are abreast of these. In this review, we describe several MASCAL scenarios and their associated ethical, moral, and medicolegal quandaries in attempts to curb potential future misadventures...

INTRODUCTION: Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity, with direct and indirect impacts on mental health, yet health impacts of climate change remain notably absent from most medical school curricula. We describe a timely interactive educational session on climate change and mental health that was implemented and studied on a medical student clinical psychiatry rotation. METHODS: We developed a 1-hour introductory session on the mental health impacts of climate change and potential solutions...

There has been increasing recognition of gender-based inequity as a barrier to successful policy implementation. This consensus, coupled with an increasing frequency of emergencies in human and animal populations, including infectious disease events, has prompted policy makers to re-evaluate gender-sensitivity in emergency management planning. Seeking to identify key publications relating to gendered impacts and considerations across diverse stakeholders in different types of animal health emergencies, we conducted a non-exhaustive, targeted scoping review...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: We consider the UK Independent Scientific Pandemic Insights Group on Behaviours' (SPI-B) support for fear messaging during the global COVID-19 pandemic, evaluate the consequences and make recommendations for the future. ANALYSIS: Using evidence from published documents, we show that SPI-B supported the use of fear messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is inconsistent with the extant psychological literature and contrary to the disaster planning literature...

Epistemic uncertainty in data-driven landslide susceptibility assessment often tends to be increased by the limited accuracy of an individual model, as well as uncertainties associated with the selection of non-landslide samples. To address these issues, this paper centers on the landslide disaster in Ji'an City, China, and proposes a heterogeneous ensemble learning method incorporating frequency ratio (FR) and semi-supervised sample expansion. Based on the superimposed results of 12 environmental factor frequency ratios (FFR), non-landslide samples were selected and input into light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), random forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) models for prediction along with historical landslide samples...

BACKGROUND: The use of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare education is on the increase. In disaster medicine, it could be a solution to the cost and logistic constraints for a "full-scale" scenarios. However, VR is mainly designed for single players, which is not appropriate for the objectives pursued in disaster medicine. We decided to evaluate the educational value of using individual VR simulation in disaster medicine on a group of learners. METHODS: The VR scenario used was a reproduction of a major train crash, with 21 victims and whose objectives were START triage and first aid techniques...

The United Nations has issued a warning over the limited time for climate disaster prevention. In the last two decades, several countries have set targets to reduce fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions. These goals are tracked through the adoption of energy systems that prioritise efficiency and low-carbon alternatives, in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. In the winemaking sector, the wine produced in the European Union comprised 65 % of the worldwide total from 2014 to 2018, with vineyards making up 4...

BACKGROUND: The main data available on the safety of radiation during pregnancy originate from animal studies and from studies of survivors of atomic or nuclear disasters. The effect of radiotherapy to treat maternal cancer on fetal development is uncertain. This report presents a unique cohort and aims to determine the long-term neurocognitive, psychosocial and physical outcomes of offspring of mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy. METHODS: In this international, multicentre, mixed retrospective-prospective cohort study, we recruited participants between Aug 5, 2006, and Aug 24, 2023, aged between 1·5 and 46 years, at three referral centres in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the USA...

INTRODUCTION: Although there are studies comparing methods for leg fasciotomy in compartment syndrome after fractures, choice of single or double fasciotomies in disasters was not investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of single and double incision leg fasciotomy in the setting of disaster. METHODS: Patients that have undergone fasciotomy after 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were separated into two groups as single incision and double incision according to the method of the first fasciotomy...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: The severity of flood disasters is increasing due to climate change, resulting in a significant reduction in the yield and quality of forage crops worldwide. This poses a serious threat to the development of agriculture and livestock. Hemarthria compressa is an important high-quality forage grass in southern China. In recent years, frequent flooding has caused varying degrees of impacts on H. compressa and their ecological environment. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated differences in flooding tolerance between the root systems of the experimental materials GY (Guang Yi, flood-tolerant) and N1291 (N201801291, flood-sensitive)...