electrolyte imbalance

INTRODUCTION: In pediatric kidney patients, where clinical presentation is often not fully developed and renal biopsy too risky or inconclusive, it may be difficult to establish the underlying pathology. In cases such as these, genetic diagnosis may be used to guide the treatment, prognosis and counselling. Given the large number of genes involved in kidney disease, introducing next generation sequencing with extended gene panels as part of the diagnostic algorithm presents a viable solution...

Background: In patients with end-stage heart failure, durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) can be used as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy. LVADs have been shown to improve survival for patients with heart failure (HF). HF is associated with electrolyte abnormalities and the development of sustained arrhythmias. However, data on the influence of arrhythmias and electrolyte imbalances on inpatient outcomes in LVAD patients are lacking. Furthermore, previous works assessing inpatient outcomes focused mainly on the role of chronic comorbidities in those outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: The manual single lumen alternating micro-batch hemodiafiltration (mSLAMB) system is a closed-loop dialysis system designed to provide kidney support in emergency situations (e.g., fluid overload, hyperkalemia, acidemia). If done repeatedly in small batches and at high flow rates, this system was found to achieve clearance levels comparable to traditional renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: Using a porcine model, uremic toxins and exogenous fluorescent tracer concentrations were successfully lowered within just 1 hour of treatment...

PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to closely monitor and identify adverse events (AEs) linked to lenvatinib, a pharmacotherapeutic agent employed for the management of renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The ultimate goal was to optimize patient safety and provide evidence-based guidance for the appropriate utilization of this medication. METHODS: A comprehensive collection and analysis of reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was conducted, encompassing the period from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023...

BACKGROUND: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a hematologic oncological emergency characterized by metabolic and electrolyte imbalances. On breakdown of tumor cells, enormous amounts of potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids are released into systemic circulation. TLS mainly occurs during chemotherapy. However, there are rare incidences of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) prior to commencement of therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: In the case being reported, the child had just undergone a biopsy...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently used medications to treat a wide variety of gastrointestinal conditions. By irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump, they remarkably reduce gastric acid secretion. However, chronic PPI intake can result in serious complications, including severe hypomagnesemia. The following case report presents a severe case of refractory PPI-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH), resistant to continuous oral and intravenous magnesium replacement, in a 70-year-old male patient, with a long history of PPI use due to persistent epigastric pain...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a viral infection mediated by coronavirus-2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The disease may affect biochemical parameters and electrolytes. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX-I) is released during mature bone resorption and is a biomarker for predicting bone resorption. OBJECTIVES: As the pandemic progressed, understanding the effects of COVID-19 disease remained critical. Inflammatory responses triggered by the virus can result in a bone metabolism regulation imbalance...

Emerging evidence has shed light on non-celiac causes of enteropathy in recent years, presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This study discusses the diagnostic challenges related to non-celiac enteropathy, specifically focusing on olmesartan-induced enteropathy (OIE). A 73-year-old lady presented to the emergency department with a six-month history of watery diarrhea exacerbated by food intake and significant weight loss. The patient at admission was found to be dehydrated with severe hypokalemia and hypocalcemia...

BACKGROUND: Most of critically ventilated patients with severe hemorrhagic shock experience metabolic acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte imbalance, and increased production of free radical. Channa striata has a high content of albumin, an essential binding protein that contributes to homeostasis, and when combined with Moringa oleifera and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, they act as powerful antioxidants. Administration of C. striata, M. oleifera, and C. xanthorrhiza extract orally may benefit patient with hemodynamic issues, including significant blood loss...

Tumor growth is intricately linked to the process of angiogenesis, with a key role played by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its associated signaling pathways. Notably, these pathways also play a pivotal "housekeeping" role in renal physiology. Over the past decade, the utilization of VEGF signaling inhibitors has seen a substantial rise in the treatment of diverse solid organ tumors, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and various ocular diseases. However, this increased use of such agents has led to a higher frequency of encountering renal adverse effects in clinical practice...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical critical illnesses, with decreased glomerular filtration rate, retention of nitrogen products, water and electrolyte disorders, and acid-base imbalance as the main clinical manifestations. Presently, there is no effective treatment for acute kidney injury, but the main treatment is to cure the primary disease, remove risk factors, maintain acid-base and water-electrolyte balance, and undergo kidney replacement. However, the mortality rate is still high...

Globally, salinity is an important abiotic stress in agriculture. It induced oxidative stress and nutritional imbalance in plants, resulting in poor crop productivity. Applying silicon (Si) can improve the uptake of macronutrients. On the other hand, using biochar as a soil amendment can also decrease salinity stress due to its high porosity, cation exchange capacity, and water-holding capacity. That's why the current experiment was conducted with novelty to explore the impact of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar (Si-BC) on wheat cultivated on salt-affected soil...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmic condition resulting in increased stroke risk and is associated with high mortality. Electrolyte imbalance can increase the risk of AF, where the relationship between AF and serum electrolytes remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 15,792 individuals were included in the observational study, with incident AF ascertainment in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. The Cox regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AF based on different serum electrolyte levels...

BACKGROUND: This research aims to examine the frequency, age-related distribution, and intensity of preoperative hyponatremia among elderly individuals with hip fractures. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the diagnosis of preoperative hyponatremia in this patient population. METHODS: This research involved the analysis of clinical data obtained from 419 elderly individuals with hip fractures (referred to as the fracture group) and 166 elderly individuals undergoing routine health examinations (designated as the control group)...

Early cardiac surgery in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease has been performed since the middle to late years of the twentieth century. To date, there are very few reports of successful congenital heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in premature babies less than 1000 g with serious congenital heart disease. Limited information is available in the literature describing perfusion techniques for this extremely fragile patient population. Miniaturization of the CPB circuit contributes to multiple factors that affect this population significantly...

A 66-year-old female with end-stage renal disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, status post implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) presented to the emergency department with dizziness and fatigue. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, complete atrioventricular block, and ventricular paced rhythm at 30 beats per minute (bpm). Device interrogation revealed a programmed VVI mode with a lower rate limit of 40 bpm and evidence of T wave oversensing. Serologic studies were remarkable for hyperkalemia (7...

CONTEXT: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, has a wide range of clinical manifestations, including meningoencephalitis, acute renal failure, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and septic shock. However, there are no documented cases of scrub typhus with hypokalemia. In this report, we present a case of scrub typhus with hypokalemia and multiple organ failure syndrome, highlighting the importance of electrolyte imbalance in patients with scrub typhus. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain that had been present for 1 day...

Polyoxotungstate nanoclusters have recently emerged as promising contrast agents for computed tomography (CT). In order to evaluate their clinical potential, in this study, we evaluated the in vitro CT imaging properties, potential toxic effects in vivo, and tissue distribution of monolacunary Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate, α2 -K10 P2 W17 O61 . 20H2 O (mono-WD POM). Mono-WD POM showed superior X-ray attenuation compared to other tungsten-containing nanoclusters (its parent WD-POM and Keggin POM) and the standard iodine-based contrast agent (iohexol)...

Background Pneumonia is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in children below five years of age. While predominantly prevalent in developing countries, it is also associated with significant healthcare-associated costs in developed countries. Among the many risk factors for childhood pneumonia, incomplete immunization, nonexclusive breastfeeding for less than six months, delayed weaning, poor household air quality, malnutrition, and low birth weight are the most commonly found...

Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) causes a major burden in emergency medicine. Owing to in situ decompression, nasointestinal tube (NIT) placement has been increasingly used in clinical practice compared with traditional conservation (TC); however, the indications remain controversial. This study was designed to explore the indications for each treatment in ASBOs and then suggest the optimal strategy. After propensity score matching, 128 pairs were included (the NIT and TC groups). The occurrence of severe adverse events (SAEs), peri-treatment clinical parameters, and radiological features were compared between the successful and failed treatment groups...