Marianna Penzo, Raffaella Molteni, Tomomi Suda, Sylvia Samaniego, Angela Raucci, David M Habiel, Frederick Miller, Hui-Ping Jiang, Jun Li, Ruggero Pardi, Roberta Palumbo, Eleonora Olivotto, Richard R Kew, Marco E Bianchi, Kenneth B Marcu
Inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinases beta (IKKbeta) and alpha (IKKalpha) activate distinct NF-kappaB signaling modules. The IKKbeta/canonical NF-kappaB pathway rapidly responds to stress-like conditions, whereas the IKKalpha/noncanonical pathway controls adaptive immunity. Moreover, IKKalpha can attenuate IKKbeta-initiated inflammatory responses. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin protein, is an extracellular signal of tissue damage-attracting cells in inflammation, tissue regeneration, and scar formation...
April 15, 2010: Journal of Immunology