magnetic resonance

Over a decade ago, longitudinal multiomics analysis was pioneered for early disease detection and individually tailored precision health interventions. However, high sample processing costs, expansive multiomics measurements along with complex data analysis have made this approach to precision/personalized medicine impractical. Here we describe in a case report, a more practical approach that uses fewer measurements, annual sampling, and faster decision making. We also show how this approach offers promise to detect an exceedingly rare and potentially fatal condition before it fully manifests...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood patch (EBP). BACKGROUND: Epidural blood patch is the main treatment option for SIH; however, the characteristics of patients who experience relapse after successful EBP treatment for SIH remain understudied. METHODS: In this exploratory, retrospective, case-control study, we included 19 patients with SIH recurrence after EBP and 36 age- and sex-matched patients without recurrence from a single tertiary medical institution...

Proton conductors are essential functional materials with a wide variety of potential applications in energy storage and conversion. In order to address the issues of low proton conductivity and poor stability in conventional proton conductors, a simple and valid ion-exchange method was proposed in this study for the introduction of stable and ultrahigh proton conductivity in layered rare earth hydroxides (LRHs). Test analyses by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the exchange of H2 PO4 - not only does not disrupt the layered structure of LRHs, but also creates more active proton sites and channels necessary for proton transport, thereby creating a high-performance proton conductor (LRH-H2 PO4 - )...

Within the realm of voice classification, singers could be sub-categorized by the weight of their repertoire, the so-called "singer's Fach." However, the opposite pole terms "lyric" and "dramatic" singing are not yet well defined by their acoustic and articulatory characteristics. Nine professional singers of different singers' Fach were asked to sing a diatonic scale on the vowel /a/, first in what the singers considered as lyric and second in what they considered as dramatic. Image recording was performed using real time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 25 frames/s, and the audio signal was recorded via an optical microphone system...

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool for mapping tissue microstructure and structural connectivity non-invasively in the in vivo human brain. Numerous diffusion signal models are proposed to quantify microstructural properties. Nonetheless, accurate estimation of model parameters is computationally expensive and impeded by image noise. Supervised deep learning-based estimation approaches exhibit efficiency and superior performance but require additional training data and may be not generalizable...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the criteria for reversibility of myocardial contractility in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary artery bypass grafting considering data of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the results of coronary artery bypass grafting in 186 patients with CAD complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<30%). All patients underwent cardiac MRI and echocardiography before surgery...

INTRODUCTION: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in regulating integrative brain function and synaptic transmission. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and relevant synaptic failure play a key role in the pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Ten cognitively impaired (CI) individuals and 10 healthy controls (HCs) underwent [18 F]SynVesT-1 and [18 F]PSS232 positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance to assess synaptic density and mGluR5 availability...

Over the last decade, it has become evident that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a pivotal role in brain solute clearance through perivascular pathways and interactions between the brain and meningeal lymphatic vessels. Whereas most of this fundamental knowledge was gained from rodent models, human brain clearance imaging has provided important insights into the human system and highlighted the existence of important interspecies differences. Current gold standard techniques for human brain clearance imaging involve the injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents and monitoring their distribution and clearance over a period from a few hours up to 2 days...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a risk factor for experiencing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declines during receipt of potentially cardiotoxic breast cancer (BC) treatment. We sought to determine whether the hypertension stage is associated with LVEF decline during BC treatment. METHODS: Across 24 centers, cardiac magnetic resonance measures of LVEF and brachial arterial blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed in women with stages I to III BC before and 3 months after initiating potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy...

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is an HCM variant, affecting frequently males in midlife. It is characterized by apical obliteration and persistent diastolic contraction, often resulting in microvascular ischaemia. We report five cases of ApHCM, with evidence of intramyocardial calcification on echocardiogram. On cardiac magnetic imaging (MRI), a hypointense component at early gadolinium enhancement (EGE) sequences, compatible with calcium, and a deep layer, with hyperintensity at late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences, referable to fibrosis, suggest an endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a sustained increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload, impairing systolic function. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most performed cardiac imaging tool to assess RV systolic function; however, an accurate evaluation requires expertise. We aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning (DL)-based tool to estimate the RV ejection fraction (RVEF) from 2D echocardiographic videos of apical four-chamber views in patients with precapillary PH...

BACKGROUND: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) due to an X-linked OTC mutation, is responsible for moderate to severe hyperammonemia (HA) with substantial morbidity and mortality. About 80% of females with OTCD remain apparently "asymptomatic" with limited studies of their clinical characteristics and long-term health vulnerabilities. Multimodal neuroimaging studies and executive function testing have shown that asymptomatic females exhibit limitations when stressed to perform at higher cognitive load and had reduced activation of the prefrontal cortex...

BACKGROUND: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of congenital disorders characterized by structural abnormalities in the brain cortex. The clinical manifestations include refractory epilepsy, mental retardation, and cognitive impairment. Genetic factors play a key role in the etiology of MCD. Currently, there is no curative treatment for MCD. Phenotypes such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy cannot be observed in the fetus. Therefore, the diagnosis of MCD is typically based on fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, or genetic testing...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Marchiafava-Bignami disease, a rare condition often associated with alcoholism, shows myelin degeneration with tissue necrosis specifically in the corpus callosum. Urgent application of magnetic resonance imaging could lead to prompt diagnosis. ABSTRACT: A 66-year-old male with habitual alcohol drink complained acute deterioration of left-side muscle weakness as initial presentation. On the arrival, the patient was confused, with stable vital sign and unremarkable pyramidal sign...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as the first-line small molecule drugs in many cancer therapies, exerting their effects by impeding aberrant cell growth and proliferation through the modulation of tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling pathways. However, there exists a substantial inter-individual variability in the concentrations of certain TKIs and their metabolites, which may render patients with compromised immune function susceptible to diverse infections despite receiving theoretically efficacious anticancer treatments, alongside other potential side effects or adverse reactions...

Early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma relies on imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Since surgery is associated with a favorable prognosis, the standard treatment for clinically limited renal cell carcinoma remains surgical resection. Among asymptomatic patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, a small number refuse surgical treatment and survive. We report a case involving a 59-year-old female who underwent a difficult radical nephrectomy 17 years after being diagnosed with malignant tumors due to primary renal cell carcinoma...

According to experts in neurology, brain tumours pose a serious risk to human health. The clinical identification and treatment of brain tumours rely heavily on accurate segmentation. The varied sizes, forms, and locations of brain tumours make accurate automated segmentation a formidable obstacle in the field of neuroscience. U-Net, with its computational intelligence and concise design, has lately been the go-to model for fixing medical picture segmentation issues. Problems with restricted local receptive fields, lost spatial information, and inadequate contextual information are still plaguing artificial intelligence...

BACKGROUND: The morphology of the distal femur's intercondylar notch has been implicated in the susceptibility to and severity of cruciate ligament injuries. While previous research has primarily focused on isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, the relationship between notch morphology and combined cruciate injuries remains less understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between femoral notch morphology and the severity of combined cruciate ligament injuries in adult males...

The presented case describes a 56-year-old male with adult-onset Still's disease, exhibiting polyserositis in 2019, who underwent pleurectomy and pericardiectomy. Despite treatment with tocilizumab and methylprednisolone, the patient developed deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 2022, managed with apixaban. A contrast-enhanced chest tomography revealed no recurrent thromboembolic events. Over a year, the patient experienced progressive dyspnea, correlating with signs of constriction on transthoracic echocardiogram...

Lemierre's syndrome is characterized by internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and bacteremia, primarily from anaerobic organisms. The condition usually arises after a recent oropharyngeal infection. Young, healthy people with prolonged pharyngitis that progresses into septicemia, pneumonia, or lateral neck stiffness should be suspected of having Lemierre's syndrome. Identifying internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and developing anaerobic bacterial growth on blood culture are frequently used to confirm the diagnosis...