Catheter biofilm

In current clinical practice, the presence of biofilms poses a significant challenge in the effective elimination of bacterial infections because of the physical and chemical barriers formed by biofilms, which offer persistent protection to bacteria. Here, we developed hollow mesoporous polydopamine (hMP) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with luteolin (Lu) as a quorum sensing inhibitor, which were further coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) shells to create hMP-Lu@HA NPs. We observed that upon reaching the infection site, the HA shells underwent initial degradation by the hyaluronidase enzyme present in the bacterial infection's microenvironment to expose the hMP-Lu NPs...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all bacterial infections and require around 15% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs for several decades, the significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment in healthcare settings creates a reservoir of pathogens that can easily be transmitted to patients...

Introduction. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are recognized for their development of resistance and biofilm formation. New therapeutic alternatives are necessary in this context. Hypothesis. Etomidate shows potential application in catheters against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Aim. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of etomidate against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and MRSA. Methodology. The action of etomidate against mature biofilms was verified through the evaluation of biomass and cell viability, and its ability to prevent biofilm formation in peripheral venous catheters was determined based on counts of colony forming units (c...

The biofilm formation is still prevalent mechanism of developing the drug resistance in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa , gram-negative bacteria, known for its major role in nosocomial, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), lung infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. As best of our knowledge, current study first time reports the most potent inhibitors of LasR, a transcriptional activator of biofilm and virulence regulating genes in, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR, utilizing newly functionalized imidazoles (5a-d), synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using click approach...

This study aimed to assess the activity of AgNPs biosynthesized by Fusarium oxysporum (bio-AgNPs) against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis, and to assess the antibacterial activity of catheters coated with bio-AgNPs. Broth microdilution and time-kill kinetics assays were used to determine the antibacterial activity of bio-AgNPs. Catheters were coated with two (2C) and three (3C) bio-AgNPs layers using polydopamine as crosslinker. Catheters were challenged with urine inoculated with P. mirabilis to assess the anti-incrustation activity...

BACKGROUND: Foley catheters have been subject to limited development in the last few decades. They fulfil their basic function of draining urine from the bladder but cause other associated problems. T-Control is a new silicone Foley catheter with an integrated fluid control valve whose design aims to reduce the risks associated with bladder catheterisation by a multifactorial approach. The general purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the T-Control catheter versus the Foley-type catheter in patients with Acute Urine Retention (AUR)...

Microorganisms' natural ability to live as organized multicellular communities - also known as biofilms - provides them with unique survival advantages. For instance, bacterial biofilms are protected against environmental stresses thanks to their extracellular matrix, which could contribute to persistent infections after treatment with antibiotics. Bacterial biofilms are also capable of strongly attaching to surfaces, where their metabolic by-products could lead to surface material degradation. Furthermore, microgravity can alter biofilm behavior in unexpected ways, making the presence of biofilms in space a risk for both astronauts and spaceflight hardware...

Nowadays, antimicrobial peptides are promising to confront the existing global crisis of antibiotic resistance. Here, a novel analogue peptide (mKLK) was designed based upon a D-form amidated sapecin B-derived peptide (KLK) by replacing two lysine residues with two tryptophan and one leucine by lysine, and inserting one alanine. The mKLK displayed superior amphipathic helixes in which the most of hydrophobic residues are confined to one face of the helix and had a higher hydrophobic moment compared with KLK...

Central venous access devices (CVADs), including peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and cuffed tunnelled catheters, play a crucial role in modern medicine by providing reliable access for medication and treatments directly into the bloodstream. However, these vital medical devices also pose a significant risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) alongside associated complications such as thrombosis or catheter occlusion. To mitigate these risks, healthcare providers employ various strategies, including the use of locking solutions in combination with meticulous care and maintenance protocols...

BACKGROUND: A new type of silver alloy hydrogel-coated (SAH) catheter has been shown to prevent bacterial adhesion and colonization by generating a microcurrent, and to block the retrograde infection pathway. However, these have only been confirmed in ordinary patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a SAH catheter for preventing urinary tract infections in critically ill patients. METHODS: This was a prospective single-center, single-blind, randomized, controlled study...

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal on human body surfaces and, for years, they were not considered a cause of bloodstream infection and were often regarded as contamination. However, the involvement of CoNS in nosocomial infection is increasingly being recognized. The insertion of cannulas and intravascular catheters represents the primary source of CoNS entry into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia and sepsis. They owe their pathogenic role to their ability to produce biofilms on surfaces, such as medical devices...

Blood bactericidal activity and antimicrobial therapy are crucial against catheter-related infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). It is well-known that catheters colonized by biofilm-producing bacteria are a risk factor for bacteremia in HD-patients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia in HD-patients justify the use of vancomycin as empiric therapy. The recommended vancomycin target for therapeutic efficacy is a minimum serum concentration of 10 µg mL-1 to avoid resistance...

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most common bacterial infections associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare expenditures. Despite recent advances in the prevention and treatment of these infections, there are still many challenges remaining, among them the creation of a durable catheter coating, which prevents bacterial biofilm formation. The current work reports on a method of protecting medical tubing endowed with antibiofilm properties. Silicone catheters coated sonochemically with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated excellent antibiofilm effects...

This study examines the potential of a novel photoactivatable ciprofloxacin to act against bacterial infections and microbiomes related to biliary diseases. Additionally, the treatment is evaluated combining the impact of bile acids and antibiotics on biofilms Here innovative strategies are evaluated to addressing the elusive bile duct microbiome resulting in biofilm-related infections linked to biliary catheters. The healthy biliary system is considered sterile, but in disease, bile microbiomes can occur, and these correlate with hepatobiliary diseases...

For the past few years, microbial biofilms have been emerging as a significant threat to the modern healthcare system, and their prevalence and antibiotic resistance threat gradually increase daily among the human population. The biofilm has a remarkable impact in the field of infectious diseases, in particular healthcare-associated infections related to indwelling devices such as catheters, implants, artificial heart valves, and prosthetic joints. Bacterial biofilm potentially adheres to any biotic or abiotic surfaces that give specific shelter to the microbial community, making them less susceptible to many antimicrobial agents and even resistant to the immune cells of animal hosts...

BACKGROUND: Endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) are widely used for microbiologic studies of the respiratory tract in intubated patients. However, they involve sampling through an established endotracheal tube using suction catheters, both of which can acquire biofilms that may confound results. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does standard clinical ETA in intubated patients accurately reflect the authentic lower airway bacterial microbiome? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Comprehensive quantitative bacterial profiling using 16S rRNA V1-V2 gene sequencing was applied to compare bacterial populations captured by standard clinical ETA vs contemporaneous gold standard samples acquired directly from the lower airways through a freshly placed sterile tracheostomy tube...

Blood-contacting devices must be designed to minimize the risk of bloodstream-associated infections, thrombosis, and intimal lesions caused by surface friction. However, achieving effective prevention of both bloodstream-associated infections and thrombosis poses a challenge due to the conflicting nature of antibacterial and antithrombotic activities, specifically regarding electrostatic interactions. This study introduced a novel biocompatible hydrogel of sodium alginate and zwitterionic carboxymethyl chitosan (ZW@CMC) with antibacterial and antithrombotic activities for use in catheters...

Developing strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms is challenging due to their complex and resilient structure, low permeability to therapeutics, and ability to protect resident pathogens. Herein, we demonstrate that a polylysine-stabilized perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion is favored for penetrating biofilms and sensitizing the cavitation effect of low-intensity ultrasound, resulting in the dispersal of extracellular polymeric substances and killing of the protected cells. Through experiments, we observed a complete penetration of the nanoemulsion in a 40 μm Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and demonstrated that it was induced by the fluidic perfluorocarbon, possibly attributing to its low surface tension...

Over the past decade, superhydrophilic zwitterionic surfaces, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces, covalently attached liquid-like surfaces, and superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged as the most promising strategies to prevent biofouling on biomedical devices. Despite working through different mechanisms, they have demonstrated superior efficacy in preventing the adhesion of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and bacteria) compared with conventional material surfaces. However, their potential in combating catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains uncertain...

To avoid the undesired bacterial attachment on polyurethane-based biomedical devices, we designed a class of novel perfluoropolyether-incorporated polyurethanes (PFPU) containing different contents of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) segments. After blending with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), a series of bifunctional PFPU/AgNPs composites with bactericidal and anti-adhesion abilities were obtained and correspondingly made into PFPU/AgNPs films (PFPU/Ag-F) using a simple solvent-casting method. Due to its highest hydrophobicity and suitable mechanical properties, PFPU8/Ag-F containing 8 mol% of PFPE content was chosen as the optimized one for the next antibacterial assessment...