Cs-137

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 put the radiological well-being of the people in Ukraine under unprecedented threat due to massive shelling, looting of facilities holding radioactive material, and potential physical disturbance of radioactively contaminated areas. Before the shutdown a few days after the occupation, the gamma-detectors in the ChEZ recorded sharp increases in the gamma-background in several areas which indicated some non-typical processes taking place on its territory.
The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) and its technical support organization, the Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS), as well as the rest of the professional nuclear community in Ukraine and worldwide, recognized the potential for movement of the radioactive contamination by Russian military machinery and personnel to areas outside the ChEZ, creating locally contaminated spots...

Radionuclides released from nuclear accidents or explosions pose long-term threats to ecosystem health. A prominent example is wild boar contamination in central Europe, which is notorious for its persistently high 137 Cs levels. However, without reliable source identification, the origin of this decades old problem has been uncertain. Here, we target radiocesium contamination in wild boars from Bavaria. Our samples (2019-2021) range from 370 to 15,000 Bq·kg-1 137 Cs, thus exceeding the regulatory limits (600 Bq·kg-1 ) by a factor of up to 25...

The occurrence of the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Turkey was the idea of this research to define a Fukushima-like accident scenario in the Akkuyu nuclear reactor and investigate its radiation effects on the coastal organisms of the Mediterranean Sea. The concentration rate (CR), activity concentration in organisms, internal dose, external dose, and total dose rate were estimated using the ERICA Tool from 137 Cs, 134 Cs and 131 I radionuclides. The minimum and maximum radiocesium CR were calculated at 0...

This study developed liquid reference materials containing various metals, to be used for quality assurance of radiation measurements of the most common metallic wastes generated during the operation or decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The liquid reference materials were prepared by assuming the dissolution of stainless-steel using acid and melting of the major metals present in the stainless steel, namely Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn, along with the standard sources (134 Cs, 137 Cs, 60 Co, 90 Sr). The theoretical massic activity of the standard sources added to the samples and the measured reference values of the gamma and beta emitters in the samples were compared, and they showed good agreement within a one-sigma confidence interval (k = 1)...

Environmental pollution caused by radionuclides like Cs-137 and Cs-134 has increased global attention toward public health. Electrochemical adsorption has emerged as a feasible, rapid, and scalable method to treat contaminated water sources. However, graphene and its derivatives have limitations in ion adsorption via physisorption, forming a double layer that restricts the electrode's adsorption capacity. To address this, we propose the use of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) with its extensive intercalation galleries of MoS2 nanosheets for cesium removal via an electrochemical route...

Purpose: This work will focused on the environmental and radio-ecological impacts occurred on an Egyptian coastal region, based on the radiochemical measurement of 238 U, 137 Cs, 232 Th, 40 K. The novelty of the study was cleared by the using of new technique showing the integration of two biological RESRAD models, lead to a probabilistic estimation of the radionuclides bioaccumulation in different consumed marine organisms and determination the probability of human cancer risk at different ages. Material and methods: The 20 water samples were collected and mounted into clean containers, and their decay products, were measured in Bq...

When disposing of spent fuel, nuclides such as Cs-137 and Sr-90, which generate short-term decay heat, must be removed from the spent nuclear fuel for efficient storage facility utilization. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been developing a nuclide management process that can enhance disposal efficiency by sorting and collecting primary nuclides and a technology for separating Sr nuclides from the spent nuclear fuels using precipitation and distillation. In this study, we prepared Sr ceramic waste form, SrTiO3 , using the solid-state reaction method to immobilize the Sr nuclides, and its physicochemical properties were evaluated...

We have developed a radioluminescence-based survey meter for use in industries in which there is involvement in naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), also in support of those needing to detect other weak emitters of radiation. The functionality of the system confronts particular shortcomings of the handheld survey meters that are currently being made use of. The device couples a LYSO:Ce scintillator with a photodetector via a polymer optical fibre waveguide, allowing for "intrinsically safe" inspection within pipework, separators, valves and other such component pieces...

AIM: Gamma radiation, a form of ionizing radiation, is used in many different areas, especially in the health field and in the treatment of cancer. However, gamma radiation used for therapeutic purposes also has numerous harmful effects on human health. This study was planned to investigate the impacts of exposure to gamma radiation on the hippocampal area and the preventive effects of myricitrin and chebulinic acid against that damage. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups...

Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as 137 Cs and 134 Cs. 137 Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant. Radioactive contamination remediation using microorganisms has been the focus of numerous studies. We investigated the mechanism underlying Cs+ resistance in Microbacterium sp. TS-1 and other representative microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis . The addition of Mg2+ effectively improved the Cs+ resistance of these microorganisms...

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique is utilized to grow lead-oxide (PbO) nanostructures (NSs) over PbO seed fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method on glass substrates. The effect of growth temperatures 50 and 70 °C on the surface topography, optical properties, and crystal structure of lead-oxide NSs has been studied. The investigated results suggested that the growth temperature has a huge and very considerable influence on the PbO NS, and the fabricated PbO NS has been indexed as the Pb3 O4 polycrystalline tetragonal phase...

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) has generated quantities of polluted water since the accident in 2011 triggered by the massive earthquake. In order to understand the FDNPP accident comprehensively and to provide a basic reference for predicting the transport of the treated nuclear contaminated water in the Northwest Pacific further, the distributions of 137 Cs and 134 Cs in the seawater as deep as 2000 m layer were determined in the subtropical region in May 2013. The results suggested that the radiocesium from FDNPP still existed in May 2013...

In large parts of Europe, the Chernobyl accident of 1986 caused fallout of Cs-137. This led to the uptake of Cs-137 in trees or other materials used for bioenergy production or as firewood for domestic purposes. This Cs-137 may concentrate in the ashes of the combustion process in such a way that the clearance level of 100 Bq per kg, defined in Directive 2013/59/Euratom (EU BSS), may consequently be exceeded. There is currently no clear consensus in Europe regarding the regulatory approach to this issue: should the import and use of Cs-137 contaminated biomass and its ashes be considered as a planned exposure situation or rather as an existing exposure situation? If considered as an existing exposure situation, which reference level should be applied? We compare the approaches in various European countries, such as Finland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands...

Polymer composites were synthesized via melt mixing for radiation shielding in the healthcare sector. A polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) matrix was filled with Bi2 O3 nanoparticles at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% weight percentages. The characterization of nanocomposites included their morphological, structural, and thermal properties, achieved using SEM, XRD, and TGA, respectively. The shielding properties for all synthesized samples including pristine PMMA were measured with gamma spectrometry using a NaI (Tl) scintillator detector spanning a wide range of energies and using different radioisotopes, namely Am-241 (59...

We studied the spatiotemporal variations in 134 Cs, 137 Cs, and 228 Ra concentrations at the sea surface off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan (off-Doto region) from 2018 to 2022 using low-background γ-spectrometry. The 134 Cs concentrations in the off-Doto region, decay-corrected to the date of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, exhibited wide lateral variation each year (e.g., 0.7-1.1 mBq/L in 2020). By studying the 228 Ra concentrations and salinity, this variation was explained based on the current mixing patterns...

To understand which biota are more exposed to radionuclides, the bioaccumulation and risk assessment of radiocesium (137 Cs and 134 Cs) release from FDNPP in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were analyzed using ERICA tools. The activity level was determined by the Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Authority (RNA) in 2013. The data were used as input to the ERICA Tool modeling software to evaluate the accumulation and dose of marine organisms. The highest and lowest accumulate concentration rate were observed in birds (4...

A compact back-end interface for silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) implementing Zener diode-based temperature compensation has been developed for the remote detection of beta and gamma radiation. Remote detection is facilitated by the development of an efficient data management system utilising MySQL database storage for recording periodic spectra data for wireless access over a private Wi-Fi network. A trapezoidal peak shaping algorithm has been implemented on an FPGA for the continuous conversation of pulses from the SiPM, signifying the detection of a radiological particle, into spectra...

The isotopic signature of radionuclides provides a powerful tool for discriminating radioactive contamination sources and estimating their respective contributions in the environment. In this context, the 135 Cs/137 Cs ratio has been tested as a very promising isotopic ratio that had not been explored yet in many countries around the world including France. To quantify the levels of radioactivity found in the environment, a new method combining a thorough radiochemical treatment of the sample and an efficient measurement by ICP-MS/MS has been recently developed...

BACKGROUND: Calibration of Thermo Luminescent Dosimetry (TLD) in eye lens dosimeter requires a standard phantom. The use of anthropomorphic phantoms in calibration needs evaluation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the angular response of the TLD on the fabricated 3D anthropomorphic head phantom and Computerized Imaging Reference Systems (CIRS)- Computed Tomography (CT) dose phantom as a standard phantom irradiated with Cs-137 and to compare the absorbed dose and linear attenuation for both phantoms...

The 135 Cs/137 Cs isotopic ratio is a powerful tool for tracing the origin of radioactive contamination. Since the Fukushima accident, this ratio has been measured by mass spectrometry in several highly contaminated environmental matrices mainly collected near nuclear accident exclusion zones and former nuclear test areas. However, few data were reported at 137 Cs environmental levels (<1 kBq kg-1 ). This is explained by the occurrence of analytical challenges related to the very low radiocesium content at the environmental level with the large presence of mass interferences, making 135 Cs and 137 Cs measurements difficult...