pain medication

OBJECTIVE: We established an orthopedic ward fracture liaison services (OWFLS) model and evaluated its role in improving detection rates of bone metabolic markers, treatment rates, and long-term treatability. METHODS: This observational retrospective cohort study included 120 patients aged >50 years hospitalized for primary osteoporotic fracture from January 2018 to January 2019 (group A: not included in OWFLS). Group B (included in OWFLS) comprised 120 patients from February 2019 to February 2020...

Pregabalin is the first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. Cases of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions caused by pregabalin generally occur within 2 weeks of initiating medication. We report a rare case of a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction caused by pregabalin, which was confirmed by a drug provocation test. A 72-year-old man with severe herpes zoster neuralgia developed maculopapular drug eruption covering 80% to 90% of his total body surface area after 40 days of combined multidrug analgesia...

INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunction in women with HIV is a necessary but understudied aspect of HIV complications in women living with HIV. This study reports the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women living with HIV in southwest Nigeria. METHODS: A validated Female Sexual Function Index was used to determine sexual dysfunction in a cross-sectional study design involving 2926 adult women living with HIV in a large, publicly funded tertiary HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria...

IMPORTANCE: Perioperative anxiety is prevalent among patients undergoing surgical treatment of cancer and often influences their prognosis. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential in the treatment of various anxiety-related disorders, but data on the impact of tDCS on perioperative anxiety are limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tDCS in reducing perioperative anxiety among patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer (CRC) resection...

BACKGROUND: Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder amyloidosis is usually difficult. In our case, the patient exhibited gallbladder dyskinesia, which led us to suspect cholecystic amyloidosis. We were able to safely perform surgery before cholecystitis onset. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old male patient with a history of multiple myeloma and cardiac amyloidosis presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of epicardial pain. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an enlarged gallbladder and biliary sludge without any specific imaging findings of cholecystitis...

BACKGROUND: This descriptive analysis examines the victims of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş and Elbistan, Türkiye. It aims to detail the injury profiles related to neuro-musculoskeletal trauma, assess the rehabilitation needs of patients, and propose a comprehensive rehabilitation approach. METHODS: The study included patients injured in the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake on February 6, 2023, who were transported to our hospital based on their rehabilitation needs...

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients experience lifelong painful photosensitivity resulting in a lack of sunlight exposure. Previous studies have shown that 47-63% of EPP patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency and a high prevalence of osteoporosis. As of 2016 an effective treatment for EPP is available: the alpha-MSH analogue afamelanotide. So far studies on vitamin D levels in EPP have only investigated patients who were not treated with afamelanotide. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of afamelanotide treatment on vitamin D levels in EPP...

Mucopolysaccharidosis type 10 is caused by biallelic variants in ARSK, which encodes for a lysosomal sulfatase. To date, seven patients with a mild phenotype resembling spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia or multiple epiphyseal dysplasia have been described. In this report, we present two novel ARSK variants and report clinical and radiological findings of three patients. The patients' initial complaints were hip or knee pain and a waddling gait. All patients showed normal intelligence, normal hearing and eye examinations, and none had organomegaly...

AIMS: To investigate the negative attitudes of Japanese psychiatrists toward atypical long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, which are the current mainstream LAIs in Japan. METHODS: We surveyed 69 Japanese psychiatrists using a 5-point Likert scale to assess their attitudes toward atypical LAI antipsychotics. Our assessment referenced concerns identified in a study conducted in Japan a decade ago, which found significant differences when compared with a survey of German psychiatrists...

Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults worldwide. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been found to alleviate STC, but the mechanisms of its effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PF on intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitization in rats with compound diphenoxylate-induced STC. Based on the evaluation of the laxative effect, the abdominal withdrawal reflex test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the visceral sensitivity, fluid metabolism-related proteins, and acid-sensitive ion channel 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ASIC3/ERK) pathway-related molecules...

A 60-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension presents to the ED with one day of throbbing left knee pain with associated numbness that worsened with ambulation. EKG shows lateral T-wave inversions with no prior for comparison. The patient had bloodwork drawn and a chest x-ray ordered. Her pain was improving with acetaminophen, and during further workup, she went into cardiac arrest. The advanced cardiac life support protocol was initiated, the patient was intubated, and point-of-care ultrasound revealed pericardial effusion...

OBJECTIVES: Pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic. Neuropathic pain presents as variable phenotypes (characters) based on specific aetiology and pathophysiology. This study aimed to find out among cancer patients the incidence of different phenotypes of neuropathic pain and form specific phenotypic clusters based on the underlying neurophysiology and association of sensory profile with various organ systems - A prospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Institutional Ethical Committee clearance (IEC code: 2020-49-MD-EXP-15) https://ctri...

BACKGROUND: The use of multidisciplinary treatment programs in out-of-hospital healthcare is a new area of research. Little is known about the benefits of this method in the management of discharged patients undergoing cervical spondylosis surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the effect of a contracted-based, multidisciplinary follow-up plan in patients after cervical spondylosis surgery. METHODS: This non-blinded non-randomized controlled study was conducted with 88 patients (44 in the intervention group, 44 in the control group)...

Electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes) and vape products have multisystemic adverse effects despite being advertised as a safer smoking alternative and cessation device. We present a 22-year-old Filipino male with sudden chest pain. He had no known comorbidities but had a two-year history of daily vape use. Work-up revealed elevated cardiac markers, anteroseptal ST-elevation myocardial infarction, hypokinesia of the anterior wall and interventricular septum, and an ejection fraction of 30%. Chest radiography showed consolidation pneumonia but culture studies and Biofire Pneumonia Panel were negative for microbial detection...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of patients operated for maxillofacial space infections and associated risk factors for the length of hospital stay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study among patients operated for maxillofacial infections at our center from 2010 to 2020. Information collected from the records were age, sex, type and number of spaces involved, clinical signs and symptoms (pain, swelling, toothache, sore throat, otalgia, hoarseness, headache, cough, neck swelling, rancid breath, sialorrhea, gingival swelling, muffled voice, trismus, fever, dysphagia, odynophagia, malaise, lymphadenopathy, dyspnoea, pus discharge), treatment modality, total leukocyte count, evidence of bacterial growth, comorbidities, complications if any and length of hospital stay...

BACKGROUND: To examine the artificial intelligence (AI) tools currently being studied in modern medical education, and critically evaluate the level of validation and the quality of evidence presented in each individual study. METHODS: This review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023410752) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library...

Prostate cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. There have been significant advances in chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy options for patients with castrate-resistant disease. However, these systemic treatments are often associated with unwanted toxicities. Targeted therapy with radiopharmaceuticals has become of key interest to limit systemic toxicity and provides a more precision oncology approach to treatment. Strontium-89, Samarium-153 EDTMP and Radium-223 have been trialled with mixed results...

Tobacco use disorder (TUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the world. Genetic factors influence smoking behaviours and although strides have been made using genome-wide association studies to identify risk variants, most variants identified have been for nicotine consumption, rather than TUD. Here we leveraged four US biobanks to perform a multi-ancestral meta-analysis of TUD (derived via electronic health records) in 653,790 individuals (495,005 European, 114,420 African American and 44,365 Latin American) and data from UK Biobank (ncombined  = 898,680)...

Polypharmacy remains an important challenge for patients with extensive medical complexity. Given the primary care shortage and the increasing aging population, effective polypharmacy management is crucial to manage the increasing burden of care. The capacity of large language model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence to aid in polypharmacy management has yet to be evaluated. Here, we evaluate ChatGPT's performance in polypharmacy management via its deprescribing decisions in standardized clinical vignettes...

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a group exercise intervention conducted by real-time videoconference on the low back pain of eldercare workers. METHODS: We randomly assigned 130 eldercare workers to an experimental group (EG: n = 65) or control group (CG: n = 65). Participants from both groups took part in routine prevention programs carried out in their workplace, and participants from the EG received an additional 12-week resistance-exercise intervention supervised by real-time videoconference...