retro peritoneal vasculature

BACKGROUND: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are prone to common complications such as infection or mechanical failure, but more insidious events can easily be missed. Distal shunt migration into the vascular system is a rarely observed phenomenon, and there are no established guidelines for its management. We present a case of a distal catheter migration into the pulmonary vasculature, review existing cases in the literature, and present recommendations for their management. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 71-year-old man presented to the clinic with normal pressure hydrocephalus...

PURPOSE: To present our results of laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy in adult patients with duplex kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 patients with an age range of 27 to 54 years old underwent laparoscopic upper pole heminephrectomy for complete duplication of the renal collecting system. The key point of the technique included the placement of a catheter in the normal ureter at the beginning of the procedure. The patient was positioned in a 45-90 degrees lateral decubitus position and a 4-port transperitoneal or 3-port retroperitoneal technique was applied followed by the mobilization of the upper pole ureter away from the renal hilum...

Renal arteries are a pair of lateral branches which arise from abdominal aorta, just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery (sma), at L2 level. The right one is longer, on account of position of aorta and left is a little higher in its origin. Variations in renal arteries are highly common and such variations may differ in number, mode of origin, branching, course and termination. Extra renal arteries (ERA) are broadly divided into two types- The aberrant (polar) ones are those which supply the kidney (poles) without passing through hilum, whereas the accessory (hilar) ones are those which supply the kidney after passing through hilum...

1 The effect of intra-aortic administration (i.a.) of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on renal blood flow was studied in the rat anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Renal blood flow was assessed in two ways, either by use of an electromagnetic flow probe or by measurement of the renal clearance of p-aminohippurate (PAH). 2 PGE2 (0.1 microgram/min, i.a.) increased renal blood flow measured by either method. However, PAH clearance overestimated the degree of vasodilatation compared to that obtained using the flow meter...