Lipid emulsion

Partial coalescence is a key factor contributing to the instability of crystalline oil-in-water emulsions in products like dressings and sauces, reducing shelf life. The intrinsic characteristics of semi-crystalline droplets, including solid fat content, fat crystal arrangement, and polymorphism, play a pivotal role in influencing partial coalescence, challenging prevention efforts even with emulsifiers like amphiphilic proteins. High-intensity ultrasound (HIU) has emerged as an efficient and cost-effective technology for manipulating bulk fat crystallization, thereby enhancing physical properties...

BACKGROUND: Safe and efficient provision of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) requires a strategy to individualize infusion rates. Estimating the maximum acceptable infusion rate (MaxInfRate) of soybean oil-based ILE (SO-ILE) in individuals by using a triglyceride (TG) kinetic model was reported to be feasible. In this study, we aimed to externally validate and, if needed, update the MaxInfRate estimation. METHODS: The maximum TG concentration (TGmax ) in patients receiving SO-ILE at MaxInfRate was evaluated to determine if it met the definition of being <400 mg/dl for 90th percentile of patients...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It was estimated that 90 % of cancer-related deaths were attributable to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) during chemotherapy, which results in ineffective chemotherapy. Hydrophobic natural products plays a pivotal role in the field of cancer therapy, with the potential to reverse MDR in tumor cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of tumor therapy. However, their targeted delivery is considered a major hurdle in their application. The advent of numerous approaches for encapsulating bioactive ingredients in the nanodelivery systems has improved the stability and targeted delivery of these biomolecules...

Flaxseed oil, rich in α-linolenic acid, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. However, its stability presents certain challenges. In this study, the natural lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) was used to prepare the physical and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions. The LCC was characterized by HPLC, GPC, and FT-IR. The stability of emulsions was evaluated by viscosity, modulus, and micro-morphology changes. Then, the oxidation products were monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometer and HPLC...

This study aimed to investigate the interaction, structure, antioxidant, and emulsification properties of quinoa protein hydrolysate (QPH) complexes formed with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at pH 3.0 and 7.0. Additionally, the effect of pH conditions and EGCG complexation on protein hydrolysate-lipid co-oxidation in QPH emulsions was explored. The results indicated that QPH primarily interacted with EGCG through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This interaction led to alterations in the secondary structure of QPH, as well as a decrease in surface hydrophobicity and free SH content...

In this study, three types of β-sitosterol-based oleogels (β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol oleogels, β-sitosterol + lecithin, oleogels and β-sitosterol + monostearate oleogels), loaded with astaxanthin, were employed as the oil phase to create oleogel-based emulsions (SO, SL, and SM) using high-pressure homogenization. The microstructure revealed that fine-scale crystals were dispersed within the oil phase of the droplets in the β-sitosterol oleogel-based emulsion...

The present investigation entails the first report on entrapment of Carum carvi essential oil (CCEO) into chitosan polymer matrix for protection of stored herbal raw materials against fungal inhabitation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) production. Physico-chemical characterization of nanoencapsulated CCEO was performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The nanoencapsulated CCEO displayed improved antifungal and AFB1 suppressing potentiality along with controlled delivery over unencapsulated CCEO...

INTRODUCTION: Tarka (trandolapril/verapamil hydrohloride extended-release) is a fixed-dose combination antihypertensive drug formed from verapamil hydrochloride and trandolapril. Toxicologic manifestations of Tarka overdose are altered mental status, bradycardia, hypotension, atrioventricular block (first-degree), hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and shock. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of Tarka toxicity in a 2-year-old girl who presented with altered mental status, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, bradycardia, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and first-degree atrioventricular block...

Models predicting lipid oxidation in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions are a requirement for developing effective antioxidant solutions. Existing models do, however, not include explicit equations that account for composition and structural features of O/W emulsions. To bridge this gap, a mechanistic kinetic model for lipid oxidation in emulsions is presented, describing the emulsion as a one-dimensional three phase (headspace, water, and oil) system. Variation in oil droplet sizes, overall surface area of oil/water interface, oxidation of emulsifiers, and the presence of catalytic transition metals were accounted for...

The Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) system has been widely employed to facilitate the bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells. It serves as the host for the core machinery of the Central Dogma, standing as an optimal chassis for the integration and assembly of diverse artificial cellular mimicry systems. Despite its frequent use in the fabrication of synthetic cells, establishing a tailored and robust CFPS system for a specific application remains a nontrivial challenge. In this methods paper, we present a comprehensive protocol for the CFPS system, routinely employed in constructing synthetic cells...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of bifenthrin toxicosis in a dog with a successful outcome following the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and intralipid therapy. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-month-old female neutered poodle mix dog ingested an unknown amount of powered bifenthrin, which resulted in acutely altered mentation, cranial nerve deficits, and intractable tremors that persisted in severity despite aggressive medical management to include intravenous fluids, intravenous lipid emulsion, anticonvulsant medications, and methocarbamol...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for severe hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised and elderly individuals. Emergence of increasingly drug resistant strains and the absence of a broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccine against both T3SA+ (type III secretion apparatus) and ExlA+ /T3SA- Pa strains worsen the situation in a post-pandemic world. Thus, we formulated a candidate subunit vaccine (called ExlA/L-PaF/BECC/ME) against both Pa types. This bivalent vaccine was generated by combining the C-terminal active moiety of exolysin A (ExlA) produced by non-T3SA Pa strains with our T3SA-based vaccine platform, L-PaF, in an oil-in-water emulsion...

Lipid-based delivery systems (LDS) have emerged as cornerstone techniques for bolstering the bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive compounds, addressing challenges related to solubility, stability, and absorption. This critical review examined a substantial dataset of 6,907 scientific articles and 3,021 patents from 2001-2023, elucidating the multifaceted evolution of LDS, with a particular focus on its industrial and patent-driven perspective. Notably, there were pronounced surges in functional food patent applications in 2004, 2011, and 2019...

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol derived from Green Tea, is one of the sources of natural bioactive compounds which are currently being developed as medicinal ingredients. Besides other biological activities, this natural compound exhibits anti-cariogenic effects. However, EGCG has low physical-chemical stability and poor bioavailability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and characterize lipid-chitosan hybrid nanoparticle with EGCG and to evaluate its in vitro activity against cariogenic planktonic microorganisms...

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to describe the clinical picture and progression in cats with alpha-chloralose (AC) intoxication and to determine if treatment with intravenous (IV) lipid emulsion (ILE) influenced either the serum concentration of AC or the clinical signs. METHODS: Cats with suspected AC poisoning admitted to a university small animal hospital were included. The cats were randomised into two groups: one receiving 20% ILE at a dose of 300 mg/kg as a 2 min bolus, followed by a 1500 mg/kg continuous rate infusion over 30 mins (IL+ group) and the other receiving IV fluid therapy with Ringer's acetate (IL- group)...

Obesity is one of the most common metabolic diseases around the world, which is distinguished by the abnormal buildup of triglycerides within adipose cells. Recent research has revealed that autophagy regulates lipid mobilization to maintain energy balance. TIGAR (Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase) has been identified as a glycolysis inhibitor, whether it plays a role in the metabolism of lipids is unknown. Here, we found that TIGAR transgenic (TIGAR+/+ ) mice exhibited increased fat mass and trended to obesity phenotype...

The physical stability of parenteral dispersions for delivery of drugs to patients is of particular clinical importance, given their general overall superior bioavailability compared to other routes of administration. Although official pharmacopeial methods for lipid injectable emulsions have been established for triglyceride oil-in-water dispersions (i.e., "mini-emulsions") through USP Chapter <729>, no pharmaceopeial guidance exists for lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based "micro-emulsions". At present, there are several LNP-based drugs approved for clinical use, including mRNA vaccines...

BACKGROUND: Heat stress (HS) is a main abiotic stress factor for the health and welfare of animals. Recently, the use of nano-emulsion essential oils exhibited a promising approach to mitigate the detrimental impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses, ultimately contributing to the global aim of sustainable livestock production. AIM: The current study was piloted to assess the impact of eugenol nano-emulsion (EUGN) supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, redox homeostasis, immune response, and pro-inflammatory reactions in growing rabbits exposed to HS...

Microfluidics offers a highly controlled and reproducible route to synthesize lipid vesicles. In recent years, several microfluidic approaches have been introduced for this purpose, but double emulsions, such as Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) droplets, are preferable to produce giant vesicles that are able to maximize material encapsulation. Flow focusing (FF) is a technique used to generate double emulsion droplets with high monodispersity, a controllable size, and good robustness. Many researchers use polydimethylsiloxane as a substrate material to fabricate microdroplet generators, but it has some limitations due to its hydrophobicity, incompatibility with organic solvents, and the molecular adsorption on the microchannel walls...

The variability in response to conventional prostate cancer (PC) therapies, coupled with the emergent issue of drug resistance, underscores the critical need for innovative treatment strategies. Aerobic physical exercise reduced incidence of several cancers, but the mechanism underlying these effects associated the nanoemulsion not fully understood. The application of a lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) delivery system for docetaxel (DTX), showing marked enhancement in therapeutic efficacy when combined with aerobic physical exercise...