Differential diagnosis ectopic

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Although current modalities offer a wide variety of therapy choices, head and neck carcinoma has poor prognosis due to its diagnosis at later stages and development of resistance to current therapeutic tools. In the current study, we aimed at exploring the roles of miR-200c-3p during head and neck carcinogenesis and acquisition of taxol resistance. We analyzed miR-200c-3p levels in HNC clinical samples and cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and evaluated the effects of differential miR-200c-3p expression on cancer-related cellular phenotypes using in-vitro tools...

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female was referred to our hospital with a neoplastic lesion in the duodenum. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed a 10-mm tumor in the duodenum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the descending part of the duodenum. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a well-defined hypoechoic tumor. Biopsy and immunohistochemical findings including negative Synaptophysin and Chromogranin A staining and positive Trypsin and BCL10 staining suggested a carcinoma with acinar cell differentiation...

Adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium are rare, with only 14 reported cases of "ectopic thyroid tissue" to date. While the primary consideration for differential diagnosis is thyroid carcinoma metastasis, exclusion of metastases is determined based on the absence of a primary thyroid lesion, serological euthyroidism, lack of thyroglobulin elevation, and absence of epithelial atypia. Herein, we report 2 cases of adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Case 1 was a 60-year-old woman with a right adrenal cyst...

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder, once exogenous causes have been excluded. However, when diagnosed, the majority of cases are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent, of which a substantial minority are due to a source outside of the pituitary, ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). Differentiating among pituitary-dependent CS, Cushing's disease (CD) and an ectopic source can be problematic. Because non-invasive tests in the evaluation of CS patients often lack adequate sensitivity and specificity, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS), a minimally invasive procedure performed during the investigation of ACTH-dependent CS, can be extremely helpful...

CONTEXT: During bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS), the side-to-side adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ratio, referred to as sampling lateralization , was used to predict pituitary adenoma localization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential different diagnostic accuracy of BIPSS for differentiating Cushing disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH secretory syndrome (EAS) patients with low lateralization (inferior petrosal sinus [IPS]:IPS ≤ 1.4) and high lateralization (IPS:IPS > 1...

A 39-year-old woman originally from Northeast Africa sought medical attention for positional dyspnea. Computed tomography of the chest revealed an 8.5 cm hypodense anterior mediastinal mass with peripheral calcifications that raised a wide differential diagnosis including infectious and neoplastic lesions. Following surgical resection, a large cavitary necrotizing and calcified granuloma involving the thymus was identified on histopathological examination. The changes were associated with parasitic eggs that based on their morphology suggested infection due to trematode species...

Anastomosing hemangioma is a rare and benign subtype of capillary hemangioma, a soft tissue tumor. It tends to be asymptomatic, causes abdominal pain and hematuria, and is more common in the genitourinary tract. It can be confused with paragangliomas or ectopic pheochromocytomas. Pathology shares characteristics with angiosarcoma, particularly in well-differentiated areas. Diagnosis without a surgical specimen is difficult and is based on clinical characteristics, laboratories, and imaging behavior similar to hemangiomas in other locations...

Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPMs) are rare meningothelial proliferation that lacks characteristic imaging findings, making their distinction from other peripheral lung tumors challenging. Therefore, surgical resection is often performed for the diagnosis and treatment of PPM. Herein, we describe a surgical case of PPM that grew over 10 years. A 63-year-old woman was referred to our department due to right middle lobe lung tumor enlargement. No significant symptoms were observed. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor in the middle lobe of the right lung...

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial germinomas mainly arise in the pineal gland or neurohypophyseal region. The basal ganglia have been reported as the site of occurrence for ectopic germinomas, whereas other sites have been rarely described. We experienced a case of multifocal ectopic germinoma that arose in the septum pellucidum and the dorsal brain stem, not including the pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and basal ganglia of ectopic germinoma in a pregnant woman. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient initially presented to our institution with complaints of diplopia in the past 14 weeks of gestation, and imaging later revealed two intracranial neoplastic lesions, with one lesion involving the septum pellucidum and the other involving the dorsal brainstem...

Ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting tumors are extremely rare, with only 15 reported cases in the literature. Herein, we described a 60-year-old female patient with thyrotoxicosis and elevated or unsuppressed levels of TSH. Family history and laboratory and genetic tests did not support a diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). Given the unsuppressed TSH, TSH-secreting tumor was suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland was performed. Surprisingly, the MRI scans revealed a nodule in the nasopharynx rather than a pituitary tumor in the sella region...

BACKGROUND: Cystadenoma of the salivary glands is a rare benign clinical condition affecting both major and minor salivary glands equally. It constitutes approximately 2% of total neoplasms and 4.2-4.7% of benign formations in minor salivary glands. Typically presenting as a slow-growing, painless neoplasm, it can be distinguished from Cystadenolymphoma (Whartin's Tumor) by the absence of lymphoid elements in histological examination. While mostly located in the oral cavity and oropharynx, it can also be found in sinonasal mucosa, and rare cases have been identified in the larynx...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms for the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) based on biochemical and radiological features. METHODS: Logistic regression algorithms were used for ML, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to measure performance. We used Shapley Contributed Comments (SHAP) values, which help explain the results of the ML models to identify the meaning of each feature and facilitate interpretation...

Abdominal pain is a very common presentation in early pregnancy. Its cause may be gynecological or totally nonpregnancy related. While acute appendicitis is the most common nonobstetric cause of pain in pregnant women, diagnosis and differentiation from other causes, including ectopic pregnancy, remain challenging. In clinical situations of uncertainty, laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool, but uterine manipulation should be avoided if an intrauterine pregnancy is a possibility. In this report, we describe a case of complicated appendicitis in very early pregnancy where the patient ended with a full-term healthy pregnancy despite undergoing a diagnostic laparoscopy with inadvertent uterine manipulation...

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a pivotal humoral factor for the regulation of serum phosphate levels and was first identified in patients with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), the most common form of acquired FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (FGF23rHR). After the identification of FGF23, many other inherited and acquired forms of FGF23rHR were reported. In this review article, the detailed features of each acquired FGF23rHR are discussed, including TIO, ectopic FGF23 syndrome with malignancy, fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome, Schimmelpenning- Feuerstein-Mims syndrome/cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome, intravenous iron preparation-induced FGF23rHR, alcohol consumption-induced FGF23rHR, and post-kidney transplantation hypophosphatemia...

Objectives  Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon manifestation of an already rare neoplasm. We aimed to systematically review the literature for cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma to better characterize this rare disease entity and to present two new case reports. Methods  A search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify English-language articles reporting cases of ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma, published from 1955 through November 2021...

Functional or non-secretory ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) can form around the sella turcica during the development of the adenohypophysis by differentiating and detaching from the pharyngeal roof. These tumors usually appear in the sphenoid sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus, infundibulum, and suprasellar cistern. Ectopic PitNETs typically display the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of pituitary adenomas. However, preoperative diagnosis of PitNETs is usually challenging because of the variety of clinical and imaging presentations, locations, and sizes...

BACKGROUND: Epipericardial fat necrosis (EFN) is a rare disease in which local inflammation and necrosis occur in the adipose tissue surrounding the heart, particularly epicardial fat. Few cases of EFN in which surgical resection was performed have been reported. We report a case of EFN after surgical resection of a right extrapulmonary tumor, in which a malignant disease could not be excluded. CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old male patient presented with fever and chest pain...

Ectopic pancreas (EP) is defined as pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomical or vascular connections to the normal pancreas. EP is generally asymptomatic and is detected incidentally during endoscopy. However, due to pseudocyst formation, inflammation, or malignant transformation, it may cause non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. Pseudocyst formation in EP may result from the retention of exocrine secretions in the absence of connections between the glandular epithelium and gastric lumen...

A 38-year-old Hispanic man without comorbidities presented to our dermatology clinic for the evaluation of an asymptomatic dark macule on his left hand, which had gradually grown since he was a child. The hyperpigmentation involved the dorsum and palm (Figure 1). The patient was right-handed and denied previous trauma, inflammation, occupational exposure to chemicals, or using any medications. During physical examination, no other similar pigmentation was found on the rest of his body. An incisional biopsy of the left palm was performed (Figure 2)...

An ectopic ureter (EU) is a ureter that does not connect appropriately to the bladder and drains somewhere other than the urinary bladder. Ectopic ureter is not so common in kidney anomalies. In men, the EU usually opens near the prostate into the urethra; however, in females, it mainly opens into organs of reproduction or into the urethra. Differential diagnosis of urinary incontinence from other causes, such as EU has a potential cure through surgery. Most women with ectopic ureters have duplex kidneys. An EU emptying a single-system ectopic dysplastic but functioning kidney is uncommon, especially in females...