Guohuan Yin, Shuanzheng Zhao, Meiduo Zhao, Jing Xu, Xiaoyu Ge, Jingtao Wu, Yifan Zhou, Xiaolin Liu, Lanping Wei, Qun Xu
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between heavy metals and renal function. However, longitudinal studies are required to further validate these associations and explore the interactive effects of heavy metals on renal function and their directional influence. METHOD: This study, conducted in Northeast China from 2016 to 2021, included a four-time repeated measures design involving 384 participants (1536 observations). Urinary concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were measured, along with renal biomarkers including urinary microalbumin (umAlb), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels...
May 8, 2024: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety