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Keywords adipokine and hypothalamus and...

adipokine and hypothalamus and immune

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36959263/mechanism-of-receptor-assembly-via-the-pleiotropic-adipokine-leptin
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra Tsirigotaki, Ann Dansercoer, Koen H G Verschueren, Iva Marković, Christoph Pollmann, Maximillian Hafer, Jan Felix, Catherine Birck, Wouter Van Putte, Dominiek Catteeuw, Jan Tavernier, J Fernando Bazan, Jacob Piehler, Savvas N Savvides, Kenneth Verstraete
The adipokine Leptin activates its receptor LEP-R in the hypothalamus to regulate body weight and exerts additional pleiotropic functions in immunity, fertility and cancer. However, the structure and mechanism of Leptin-mediated LEP-R assemblies has remained unclear. Intriguingly, the signaling-competent isoform of LEP-R is only lowly abundant amid several inactive short LEP-R isoforms contributing to a mechanistic conundrum. Here we show by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM that, in contrast to long-standing paradigms, Leptin induces type I cytokine receptor assemblies featuring 3:3 stoichiometry and demonstrate such Leptin-induced trimerization of LEP-R on living cells via single-molecule microscopy...
March 23, 2023: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36009457/chemerin-a-functional-adipokine-in-reproductive-health-and-diseases
#2
REVIEW
Ming Yu, Yali Yang, Chen Huang, Lei Ge, Li Xue, Zhonglin Xiao, Tianxia Xiao, Huashan Zhao, Peigen Ren, Jian V Zhang
As a multifaceted adipokine, chemerin has been found to perform functions vital for immunity, adiposity, and metabolism through its three known receptors (chemokine-like receptor 1, CMKLR1; G-protein-coupled receptor 1, GPR1; C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2, CCRL2). Chemerin and the cognate receptors are also expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testis, ovary, and placenta. Accumulating studies suggest that chemerin participates in normal reproduction and underlies the pathological mechanisms of certain reproductive system diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), preeclampsia, and breast cancer...
August 7, 2022: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35799506/adipose-tissue-systematic-inflammation-and-neurodegenerative-diseases
#3
REVIEW
Ana Paula de A Boleti, Pedro Henrique de O Cardoso, Breno Emanuel F Frihling, Patrícia Souza E Silva, Luiz Filipe R N de Moraes, Ludovico Migliolo
Obesity is associated with several diseases, including mental health. Adipose tissue is distributed around the internal organs, acting in the regulation of metabolism by storing and releasing fatty acids and adipokine in the tissues. Excessive nutritional intake results in hypertrophy and proliferation of adipocytes, leading to local hypoxia in adipose tissue and changes in these adipokine releases. This leads to the recruitment of immune cells to adipose tissue and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines...
January 2023: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33081283/the-metabolic-rearrangements-of-bariatric-surgery-focus-on-orexin-a-and-the-adiponectin-system
#4
REVIEW
Anna Valenzano, Nicola Tartaglia, Antonio Ambrosi, Domenico Tafuri, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Messina, Francesco Sessa, Angelo Campanozzi, Vincenzo Monda, Giuseppe Cibelli, Giovanni Messina, Rita Polito
The accumulation of adipose tissue represents one of the characteristics of obesity, increasing the risk of developing correlated obesity diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and immune diseases. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation leads to chronic low inflammation inducing an imbalanced adipokine secretion. Among these adipokines, Adiponectin is an important metabolic and inflammatory mediator. It is also known that adipose tissue is influenced by Orexin-A levels, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus...
October 16, 2020: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32390865/the-important-role-of-adiponectin-and-orexin-a-two-key-proteins-improving-healthy-status-focus-on-physical-activity
#5
REVIEW
Rita Polito, Vincenzo Monda, Ersilia Nigro, Antonietta Messina, Girolamo Di Maio, Maria Teresa Giuliano, Stefania Orrù, Esther Imperlini, Giuseppe Calcagno, Laura Mosca, Maria Pina Mollica, Giovanna Trinchese, Alessia Scarinci, Francesco Sessa, Monica Salerno, Gabriella Marsala, Pasqualina Buono, Annamaria Mancini, Marcellino Monda, Aurora Daniele, Giovanni Messina
Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of lifestyle linked diseases. A large body of evidence indicates physical exercise as an effective measure against chronic non-communicable diseases. The worldwide general evidence for health benefits are both for all ages and skill levels. In a dysregulated lifestyle such as in the obesity, there is an imbalance in the production of different cytokines...
2020: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23924318/neuroendocrine-and-cardiac-metabolic-dysfunction-and-nlrp3-inflammasome-activation-in-adipose-tissue-and-pancreas-following-chronic-spinal-cord-injury-in-the-mouse
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gregory E Bigford, Valerie C Bracchi-Ricard, Robert W Keane, Mark S Nash, John R Bethea
CVD (cardiovascular disease) represents a leading cause of mortality in chronic SCI (spinal cord injury). Several component risk factors are observed in SCI; however, the underlying mechanisms that contribute to these risks have not been defined. Central and peripheral chronic inflammation is associated with metabolic dysfunction and CVD, including adipokine regulation of neuroendocrine and cardiac function and inflammatory processes initiated by the innate immune response. We use female C57 Bl/6 mice to examine neuroendocrine, cardiac, adipose and pancreatic signaling related to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in response to experimentally induced chronic SCI...
September 4, 2013: ASN Neuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/20956857/role-of-various-cytokines-and-growth-factors-in-pubertal-development
#7
REVIEW
Krista Casazza, Lynae J Hanks, Jessica A Alvarez
Historical data suggest that body composition is intricately involved in pubertal development. Progression through puberty is dependent on the interaction between the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis, reproductive and metabolic hormones as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines which induce alterations in feedback mechanisms and therefore mediate body composition and growth. Simultaneous increases in GH and IGF-1, and the concomitant changes in the hormonal milieu (i.e. reproductive hormones, testosterone and estrogen, and insulin)are the major contributors to anabolic effects seen throughout the pubertal transition, and are affected by various factors including (but not limited to) energy status and body composition...
2010: Medicine and Sport Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18202144/adipokines-and-the-peripheral-and-neural-control-of-energy-balance
#8
REVIEW
Rexford S Ahima, Mitchell A Lazar
Adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue and control various physiological systems. Low leptin levels during fasting stimulate feeding, reduce energy expenditure, and modulate neuroendocrine and immune function to conserve energy stores. On the other hand, rising leptin levels in the overfed state prevent weight gain by inhibiting food intake and increasing energy expenditure. These actions are mediated by neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Leptin also controls glucose and lipid metabolism by targeting enzymes such as AMP-activated protein kinase and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 in liver and muscle...
May 2008: Molecular Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17141520/endocannabinoids-and-the-control-of-energy-balance
#9
REVIEW
Isabel Matias, Vincenzo Di Marzo
Two receptors have been cloned to date for the psychotropic compound Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and termed cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. Their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, have also been identified. CB(1) receptors and endocannabinoids are present in brain structures controlling energy intake and in peripheral cells (hepatocytes, adipocytes, pancreatic islet cells) regulating energy homeostasis. CB(2) receptors are more abundant in lymphocytes and macrophages, and participate in immune and inflammatory reactions...
January 2007: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16876574/adipokines-that-link-obesity-and-diabetes-to-the-hypothalamus
#10
REVIEW
Rexford S Ahima, Yong Qi, Neel S Singhal
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis not only in storing triglyceride, but also responding to nutrient, neural, and hormonal signals, and producing factors which control feeding, thermogenesis, immune and neuroendocrine function, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue secretes leptin, steroid hormones, adiponectin, inflammatory cytokines, resistin, complement factors, and vasoactive peptides. The endocrine function of adipose tissue is typified by leptin. An increase in leptin signals satiety to neuronal targets in the hypothalamus...
2006: Progress in Brain Research
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