Corticoids

In the last decades, several classifications and definitions have been proposed for advanced heart failure (ADVHF) patients, including clinical, functional, hemodynamic, imaging, and electrocardiographic features. Despite different inclusion criteria, ADVHF is characterized by some common items, such as drug intolerance, low arterial pressure, multiple organ dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and diuretic use dependency. Additional features include fatigue, hypotension, hyponatremia, and unintentional weight loss associated with a specific laboratory profile reflecting systemic multiorgan dysfunction...

Budesonide is a mineral corticoid applied in the local therapy of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Unfortunately, its dermal administration is hindered by the concomitant adverse effects and its physicochemical properties. The characteristic pH change in the atopic lesions can be utilized for the preparation of a pH-sensitive nanocarrier. In this view, the formulation of Eudragit L 100 nanoparticles as a budesonide delivery platform could provide more efficient release to the desired site, improve its penetration, and subsequently lower the undesired effects...

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review first published in 2014. Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce (foreskin) cannot be fully retracted past the head of the penis (glans). Phimosis is often treated surgically by circumcision or prepuce plasty; however, reports of non-invasive treatment using topical corticosteroids applied for four to eight weeks have suggested favorable outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of topical corticosteroids applied to the stenotic portion of the prepuce for the treatment of phimosis in boys compared with placebo or no treatment...

Paradoxical tuberculosis reaction is defined as the aggravation of lesions present at diagnosis or the development of new lesions under anti-tuberculosis treatment, after exclusion of other alternate causes. It affects 5 to 30% of tuberculosis patients, with a variable prevalence depending on the site of infection and the clinical background. The diagnosis of paradoxical reaction is one of elimination, and requires having ruled out therapeutic failure, notably linked to poor compliance and/or to the presence of mycobacterial antibiotic resistance...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The use of systemic corticosteroids during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis is a controversial but widespread practice. We aimed to investigate the frequency of complications in adolescents and adults with infectious mononucleosis in relation to the use of corticosteroids. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 396 patients admitted to the hospital with infectious mononucleosis (52.0% male; median age, 19 years; range, 15-87 years), with a focus on both short-term (infectious and non-infectious) and long-term (hematological malignancies) complications in relation to corticosteroid use...

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a matter of debate. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to assess the frequency of ACD in patients with AD, the incriminated allergens and the potential risk factors. METHODS: This is a prospective study, including cases of AD diagnosed based on Hanifin and Rajka's criteria. All patients were patch tested to the European baseline series and corticosteroid series...

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound (US) in identification of nerve lesions after breast cancer surgery in patients with neuropathic pain and assess the effect of a targeted US-guided therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with neuropathic pain after breast cancer surgery underwent US examination. Nerve lesions identified by US were treated by a US-guided application of a mixture of local anesthetics and corticoids. The patients reported pain relief on a 100-point scale (0% = no effect, 100% = complete relief) and its duration in the next 18 months...

Although uncommon, Epstein-Barr virus-related neurological disorders represent the seventh most frequent cause of infectious encephalitis in adults. The limited number of publications on EBV encephalitis mainly document isolated clinical cases. This study aimed to summarize published data on EBV encephalitis. A systematic literature search identified 97 EBV encephalitis cases. In the selected cases, EBV-related neurological disorders manifested as lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with moderate hyperproteinorachia...

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal spirochetosis is sometimes found by chance in histological specimen of routine endoscopies. There are only a few cases described in the literature that spirochetosis of the appendix was mimicking acute appendicitis. We present a case of pseudoappendicitis with the histological finding of spirochetes and review the current literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old woman presented with pain of the lower right abdomen and previous systemic corticoid therapy...

We report the observations of two patients, having voluntarily ingested lethal doses of paraquat with suicidal intent, with an unfavorable prognostic score. The treatment consisted of gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, n-acetylcysteine and cyclophosphamide + methylprednisolone + dexamethasone. The installation of acute renal failure motivated the initiation of daily conventional hemodialysis (HD) over 10 to 14 days, with a favorable evolution. The following complications were recorded: anemia, bacteremia and deep vein thrombosis...

BACKGROUND: A handheld optical device was developed to evaluate a newborn's skin maturity by assessing the photobiological properties of the tissue and processing it with other variables to predict early neonatal prognosis related to prematurity. This study assessed the device's ability to predict respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: To assess the device's utility we enrolled newborns at childbirth in six urban perinatal centers from two multicenter single-blinded clinical trials...

Sexual disorders are prevalent and vary in men and women with epilepsy (WWE). Infertility and reproductive abnormalities are twice as common in females with epilepsy. Antiepileptic medications and seizures can both have an impact on sexual health in people with epilepsy. Seizures can alter the release of pituitary and hypothalamic hormones, and some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can alter sex steroid hormones (gonadal steroids and gonad corticoids). Females with epilepsy are more susceptible to menstrual cycle irregularity  and  polycystic ovary syndrome ...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the efficacy of the "fast first and then slowly" steroid-tapering regimen used in managing corticoid-sensitive patients with severe irAE after anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Corticosteroids are the primary therapy for severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Less is known about the standard steroid-tapering regimen for corticoid-sensitive patients. METHODS: This study was a single-center, retrospective medical record review of patients with severe irAE after anti-PD-(L)1 treatment for cancer from October 13, 2021 to October 20, 2022...

Among the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types, HTLV-1 is the most prevalent, and it has been linked to a spectrum of diseases, including HAM/TSP, ATLL, and hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated strongyloidiasis. There is currently no globally standard first-line treatment for HTLV-1 infection and its related diseases. To address this, a comprehensive review was conducted, analyzing 30 recent papers from databases PubMed, CAPES journals, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The studies encompassed a wide range of therapeutic approaches, including antiretrovirals, immunomodulators, antineoplastics, amino acids, antiparasitics, and even natural products and plant extracts...

Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) can be the hallmark of an autoinflammatory syndrome with recurrent attacks of chest pain and symptom-free intervals following an acute episode. The recurrence rate may be 35% in the pediatric population, frequently with less severe manifestations than at the first episode. Pericarditis can be the sole clinical manifestation or may be part of a systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID), especially in the case of a recurrence. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS), Mevalonate-Kinase Deficiency (MKD), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-associated autoinflammatory syndrome, and others are closely related to IRP based on similar clinical manifestations and treatment responses to anti-interleukin 1 (IL-1) agents, such as anakinra, and should therefore be excluded in patients with IRP...

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is not free of adverse effects. We present two cases of endocrine involvement associated with COVID-19 vaccination. A 46-year-old woman who, after receiving the first COVID-19 vaccination dose, presented persistent fever and signs of thyrotoxicosis after being diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination; the condition remitted with the use of corticoids. A 71-year-old male, who after COVID-19 vaccination, presented hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, testing positive for anti-insulin antibodies; he was diagnosed with autoimmune hypoglycemia associated with COVID-19 vaccination and received treatment with prednisone, controlling the episodes of hypoglycemia...

Progesterone receptors (PR) are biomarkers used as prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer but they are still not used as therapeutic targets. We have proposed that the ratio between PR isoforms A and B predicts antiprogestin responsiveness. The MIPRA trial confirmed the benefit of 200 mg mifepristone, administered to patients with tumors with a high PRA/PRB ratio, but dose-ranging has not been conducted. The aim of this study was to establish the plasma mifepristone levels of patients from the MIPRA trial along with the resultant steroid profiles and compare these with those observed in mifepristone-treated mice using therapeutic schemes able to induce the regression of experimental mammary carcinomas with high PRA/PRB ratios: 6 mg pellets implanted sc, or daily doses of 12mg/Kg body weight...

A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to measure the prevalence of avian intertarsal inflammation over a 5-year period, identify risk factors, and discuss treatment options. The authors hypothesized that: 1) long-legged birds would be more affected, 2) participation in a bird show would be a significant risk factor, and 3) young animals would be more frequently affected. Thirty-five clinical cases from 9 avian orders were included in the study. Statistical analysis indicated that the orders Ciconiiformes (9/150; 6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3...

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are the leading cause of legal blindness in the working population. Cystic macular edema (CME) is one of the treatable causes of visual loss, affecting up to 50% of the patients. A bibliographic review has been carried out combining "inherited retinal dystrophy", "retinitis pigmentosa", "macular oedema" and a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol according to the levels of evidence and recommendations of the "US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality". This protocol has been discussed in the monthly meetings of the XAREA DHR group with the participation of more than 25 ophthalmologists, creating a consensus document...