Neutrophil inflammation

During neuroinflammation, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) impacts blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by disrupting brain endothelial tight junctions, promoting vascular permeability, and increasing transmigration of immune cells. Here, we examined the effects of Il-1β on the in vivo initiation of BBB development. We generated doxycycline-inducible transgenic zebrafish to secrete Il-1β in the CNS. To validate the utility of our model, we showed Il-1β dose-dependent mortality, recruitment of neutrophils, and expansion of microglia...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of transcripts that often are generated by back-splicing that covalently connects the 3'end of the exon to the 5'end. CircRNAs are more resistant to nuclease and more stable than their linear counterparts. One of the well-recognized roles of circRNAs is the miRNA sponging effects that potentially lead to the regulation of downstream proteins. Despite that circRNAs have been reported to be involved in a wide range of human diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, they have not been studied in inflammatory lung responses...

The success of lung transplantation is limited by the high rate of primary graft dysfunction due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Lung IRI is characterized by a robust inflammatory response, lung dysfunction, endothelial barrier disruption, oxidative stress, vascular permeability, edema, and neutrophil infiltration. These events are dependent on the health of the endothelium, which is a primary target of IRI that results in pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction. Over the past 10 years, research has focused more on the endothelium, which is beginning to unravel the multi-factorial pathogenesis and immunologic mechanisms underlying IRI...

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis for patients with cancer with brain metastasis (BM) requiring surgical removal is quite limited. Preoperative prognostic factors can provide meaningful information to surgeons, oncologists, and patients. This study evaluated the preoperative blood counts in patients with BM who were treated with surgical removal. METHODS: Between January 2011 and November 2021, 221 consecutive surgeries were conducted on 198 patients with BM. Among the 198 patients, 188 patients with sufficient blood test data and follow-up were analyzed in this study...

BACKGROUND: Bicarbonate has recently been identified as a crucial factor affecting peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activity; however, the mechanism underlying its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. Iguratimod (IGU), a small-molecule disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, requires further investigation. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which bicarbonate affects citrullination and inflammation in RA and identify new targets for IGU. METHODS: We enrolled 20 patients with RA in the study...

BACKGROUND: Stroke-induced heart syndrome is a feared complication of ischemic stroke, that is commonly encountered and has a strong association with unfavorable prognosis. More research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and inform clinical decision making. This study aims to explore the relationship between the early systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index and the cardiac complications after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively collected from January 2020 to August 2022 and retrospectively analyzed...

This case series describes the post-mortem findings in 17 bitches (Canis lupus familiaris) with a recent (<7 days) history of caesarean section, most (94%) of which had undergone conservative caesarean section with preservation of the uterus. Brachycephalic breeds accounted for 71% of all cases, with the French Bulldog (35%, n = 6), English Bulldog (18%, n = 3) and Boston Terrier (12%, n = 2) overrepresented. Eleven animals (65%) died between 4 and 48 h after surgery, whereas six (35%) died during the procedure...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of markers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, complete blood count parameters, delta neutrophil index, ischemia-modified albumin, presepsin, and oxidative stress indicators, which are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and ischemia in the pathology and diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in adults. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis in the emergency department and healthy individuals in the control group were included in the study...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. Methods: We search recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceGirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, immunotherapy...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces respiratory dysfunction as well as kidney injury. Although the kidney is considered a target organ of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and affected by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, the mechanisms of renal reaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. In this study, a murine COVID-19 model was induced by nasal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10). MA10 infection induced body weight loss along with lung inflammation in mice four days after infection...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The practice of complementary and alternative medicine has significantly gained acceptance worldwide, such as Al-Hijama, also known as cupping therapy. Despite the growing popularity of therapeutic cupping among athletes, little is known about the impact of cupping therapy on sports fields. The current study was designed to explore the effect of wet cupping therapy on the haematological and inflammatory parameters in Jordanian national team players. METHODS: The procedure was carried out at a specialized centre for cupping in Amman on the morning of the 19th Rajab...

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) with major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 527 patients who underwent on-pump CABG surgery for stable coronary artery disease between June 2015 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups based on MACCE development...

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate the superiority of the subxiphoid approach comparing with the lateral intercostal approach during the process of operation, and other perioperative indices. METHODS: Patients diagnosed anterior mediastinal disease in our hospital between January 2018 and October 2019 were prospectively assigned into two groups, receiving the lateral intercostal approach or the subxiphoid approach VATS to resect the disease. The PaCO2, SaO2, PaO2 and circulation changes were recorded during the operation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and other perioperative outcomes, including clinical and surgical results, operation time, blood loss, postoperative complication, postoperative pain score were compared...

Preterm birth is the largest contributor to neonatal morbidity and is often associated with chorioamnionitis, defined as inflammation/infection of the fetal membranes (FMs). Chorioamnionitis is characterised by neutrophil infiltration of the FMs and is associated with elevated levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin (IL)-8 and the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. While FMs can respond to infections through innate immune sensors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), the downstream mechanisms by which chorioamnionitis arises are not fully understood...

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. Kidney perivascular cells (pericytes/fibroblasts) are responsible for producing proinflammatory molecules, promoting immune cell infiltration, and enhancing inflammation. Vascular adhesion protein-1, expressed in kidney perivascular cells, is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines with the production of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Our study demonstrated that blocking this enzyme suppressed hydrogen peroxide production and neutrophil infiltration, thereby reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury...

Immune infiltration plays a crucial role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). In this study, we explored the immune microenvironment of IDD through single-cell bioinformatics analysis. Three single-cell datasets were integrated into this study. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were divided into subgroups based on characteristic genes, and the role of each subgroup in the IDD process was analyzed through pseudo-time trajectory analysis. The hub genes were obtained using hdWGCNA, further identified by bulk datasets and pseudo-time sequence...

Periodontal disease is the pathological outcome of the overwhelming inflammation in periodontal tissue. Cellular senescence has been associated with chronic inflammation in several diseases. However, the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and the mechanism of cellular senescence in periodontal disease. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we first found the upregulated level of cellular senescence in fibroblasts and endothelial cells from inflamed gingival tissue...

BACKGROUND: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a new inflammatory index calculated using platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for the identification of high-risk coronary artery disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The relationship between SII and CPB-related mortality rates remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This research was designed to investigate the use of SII to predict in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB...

OBJECTIVES: Rhabdomyolysis leads to the release of myoglobin, sarcoplasmic proteins, and electrolytes into the blood circulation causing acute kidney injury (AKI). Thymoquinone, a natural compound found in Nigella sativa seeds, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This investigation assessed the renoprotective effect of thymoquinone on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were categorized into six groups (n = 6): 1...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the intervention mechanism of Jiawei Shengjiangsan (JWSJS) on kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy mice. METHODS: Thirty 8-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups: model group, Perindopril group, and JWSJS low-, medium-, and high-dose groups (n=6 per group) based on body weight. Additionally, a blank control group was established consisting of 6 db/m mice aged 8 weeks. The blank and model groups received daily intragastric administration of 7g/kg/d pure water...