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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hsin-Tien Lee, Fen-Fen Liao, Sui-Sum Kung, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Kun-Pin Hsieh
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are recommended to receive anti-seizure medication (ASM) as posttraumatic seizure (PTS) prophylaxis. However, the utilization of ASM, including the prescription patterns and associated clinical characteristics, is limited in Taiwan. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ASM trends and clinical characteristics. This retrospective cohort study enrolled TBI patients who received levetiracetam, phenytoin, and valproic acid during hospitalization using the National Health Insurance Research Database between 2012 and 2019...
2024: Epilepsy & behavior reports
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mar Carreño, Antonio Gil-Nagel, José M Serratosa, Manuel Toledo, Juan Jesus Rodriguez-Uranga, Vicente Villanueva
OBJECTIVE: Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) associated with high rates of seizure freedom and acceptable tolerability in patients with focal seizures. To achieve the optimal cenobamate dose for maximal potential effectiveness while avoiding or minimizing drug-related adverse events (AEs), the administration of cenobamate with other ASMs must be managed through concomitant ASM load reduction. A panel of Spanish epilepsy experts aimed to provide a Spanish consensus on how to adjust the dose of concomitant ASMs in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in order to improve the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate...
April 4, 2024: Epilepsia Open
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingxin Zhang, Huali Zuo, Yanlu Fu, Yina Cao, Qiwei Li, Qi Zhang, Yuyi Zheng, Yi Wang, Di Wu, Weiyu Chen, Jiajia Fang
Improving the efficiency of antiseizure medication entering the brain is the key to reducing its peripheral toxicity. A combination of intranasal administration and nanomedicine presents a practical approach for treating epileptic seizures via bypassing the blood-brain barrier. In this study, phenytoin (PHT) loaded layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (BSA-LDHs-PHT) were fabricated via a coprecipitation - hydrothermal method for epileptic seizure control. In this study, we expound on the preparation method and characterization of BSA-LDHs-PHT...
April 2, 2024: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
#4
Rachel Manoj, Arpita Meher, Jefry Winner G
Adverse drug reactions to commonly prescribed medications such as phenytoin, used for seizures, often go undetected due to various factors. This case report highlights a 52-year-old male diagnosed with late-onset epilepsy who was prescribed phenytoin. Despite the standard dosage, the patient experienced toxicity symptoms and a seizure, prompting admission for assessment. Laboratory tests and imaging were inconclusive, leading to a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) consultation, which revealed elevated phenytoin levels...
2024: Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magnúcia de Lima Leite, Tatiana Natasha Topocov, Tales Lyra de Oliveira, Daniel Dos Santos Almeida, Sandra Regina Mota Ortiz, José Claudio da Silva
This retrospective cohort study described the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, antiseizure medication (ASM) use, and types of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE). Data collected from the medical records of 224 PWWE aged < 40 years with controlled or refractory seizures and 492 pregnant women without epilepsy (PWNE) control group from high-risk maternity hospitals in Alagoas between 2008 and 2021 were included in this study. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes observed in PWWE were pregnancy-related hypertension (PrH) (18...
2024: PloS One
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linghan Jia, Melody Li, Svenja Pachernegg, Alicia Sedo, Nikola Jancovski, Lisseth Estefania Burbano, Kelley Dalby, Alex Nemiroff, Christopher Reid, Snezana Maljevic, Steven Petrou
De novo variants in the NaV 1.2 voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN2A are among the major causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE). Based on their biophysical impact on channel conductance and gating, SCN2A DEE variants can be classified into gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF). Clinical and functional data have linked early seizure onset DEE to the GoF SCN2A variants, whereas late seizure onset DEE is associated with the loss of SCN2A function. This study aims to assess the impact of GoF and LoF SCN2A variants on cultured neuronal network activity and explore their modulation by selected antiseizure medications (ASM)...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Neurochemistry
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Goldstein, Natalie Rabkin, Noa Buchman, Aviya R Jacobs, Khaled Sandouka, Bruria Raccah, Tamar Fisher Negev, Ilan Matok, Meir Bialer, Mordechai Muszkat
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Post-stroke epilepsy represents an important clinical challenge as it often requires both treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and antiseizure medications (ASMs). Levetiracetam (LEV), an ASM not known to induce metabolizing enzymes, has been suggested as a safer alternative to enzyme-inducing (EI)-ASMs in patients treated with DOACs; however, current clinical guidelines suggest caution when LEV is used with DOACs because of possible P-glycoprotein induction and competition (based on preclinical studies)...
March 23, 2024: CNS Drugs
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dina Battino, Torbjörn Tomson, Erminio Bonizzoni, John Craig, Emilio Perucca, Anne Sabers, Sanjeev Thomas, Silje Alvestad, Piero Perucca, Frank Vajda
IMPORTANCE: Women with epilepsy (WWE) require treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy, which may be associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in their offspring. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of MCMs after prenatal exposure to 8 commonly used ASM monotherapies and changes in MCM prevalence over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study conducted from June 1999 to October 2022...
March 18, 2024: JAMA Neurology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jakob Christensen, Helga Zoega, Maarit K Leinonen, Nils Erik Gilhus, Mika Gissler, Jannicke Igland, Yuelian Sun, Torbjörn Tomson, Silje Alvestad, Marte-Helene Bjørk, Julie Werenberg Dreier
BACKGROUND: The short- and long-term consequences of restricted fetal growth cause considerable concern, and how prenatal exposure to different antiseizure medications (ASMs) affects fetal growth remains uncertain. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study of liveborn singleton children born in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from 1996 to 2017. Prenatal exposure was defined as maternal filling of prescriptions for ASM during pregnancy registered in national prescription registries and primary outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of microcephaly or being born small for gestational age...
March 2024: The Lancet regional health. Europe
#10
Nadia M Saleem, Nidheesh Chencheri, Sen Thomas, Gail Alexander, Biju Madathil
We present a case of a three-year-old girl with a rare genetic epilepsy with developmental delay. She was born to a non-consanguineous parentage and required resuscitation soon after delivery via cesarean section. The patient had her first seizure within 36 hours of life, which progressed into refractory epilepsy. She required multiple hospital admissions due to prolonged seizures. Despite being tried on multiple drug combinations over the years, she responded only to phenytoin. Basic imaging and other investigations, including genetic analysis, revealed a fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) mutation...
February 2024: Curēus
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Punam Salaria, N N Subrahmanyeswara Rao, Tejas M Dhameliya, M Amarendar Reddy
UNLABELLED: The most promising anticonvulsant phytocompounds were explored in this work using docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and Molecular Mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) approaches. A total of 70 phytochemicals were screened against α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), voltage-gated sodium ion channels (VGSC), and carbonic anhydrase enzyme II (CA II) receptors, and the docking results were compared to the reference drug phenytoin...
April 2024: 3 Biotech
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yirga Legesse Niriayo, Tesfay Gebregziabher, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Nigusse Tesfay, Kidu Gidey
BACKGROUND: Although antiseizure medications play a crucial role in the management of epilepsy, their benefit can be compromised due to drug-related problems. Drug therapy problems can lead to poor seizure control, reduced quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality in patients with epilepsy. However, in our setting, there is limited knowledge about drug therapy problems and the factors that contribute to them. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of drug-therapy problems among patients with epilepsy...
2024: PloS One
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoav Kan-Tor, Lior Ness, Liran Szlak, Felix Benninger, Sivan Ravid, Michal Chorev, Michal Rosen-Zvi, Yishai Shimoni, Robert S Fisher
Epilepsy is a severe chronic neurological disease affecting 60 million people worldwide. Primary treatment is with anti-seizure medicines (ASMs), but many patients continue to experience seizures. We used retrospective insurance claims data on 280,587 patients with uncontrolled epilepsy (UE), defined as status epilepticus, need for a rescue medicine, or admission or emergency visit for an epilepsy code. We conducted a computational risk ratio analysis between pairs of ASMs using a causal inference method, in order to match 1034 clinical factors and simulate randomization...
March 2024: Epilepsy Research
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Kerestes, Andrew Perry, Lucy Vivash, Terence J O'Brien, Marina K M Alvim, Donatello Arienzo, Ítalo K Aventurato, Alice Ballerini, Gabriel F Baltazar, Núria Bargalló, Benjamin Bender, Ricardo Brioschi, Eva Bürkle, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Fernando Cendes, Jane de Tisi, John S Duncan, Jerome P Engel, Sonya Foley, Francesco Fortunato, Antonio Gambardella, Thea Giacomini, Renzo Guerrini, Gerard Hall, Khalid Hamandi, Victoria Ives-Deliperi, Rafael B João, Simon S Keller, Benedict Kleiser, Angelo Labate, Matteo Lenge, Cassandra Marotta, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Stefano Meletti, Conor Owens-Walton, Costanza B Parodi, Saül Pascual-Diaz, David Powell, Jun Rao, Michael Rebsamen, Johannes Reiter, Antonella Riva, Theodor Rüber, Christian Rummel, Freda Scheffler, Mariasavina Severino, Lucas S Silva, Richard J Staba, Dan J Stein, Pasquale Striano, Peter N Taylor, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Paul M Thompson, Domenico Tortora, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Bernd Weber, Roland Wiest, Gavin P Winston, Clarissa L Yasuda, Hong Zheng, Carrie R McDonald, Sanjay M Sisodiya, Ian H Harding
OBJECTIVE: The intricate neuroanatomical structure of the cerebellum is of longstanding interest in epilepsy, but has been poorly characterized within the current corticocentric models of this disease. We quantified cross-sectional regional cerebellar lobule volumes using structural magnetic resonance imaging in 1602 adults with epilepsy and 1022 healthy controls across 22 sites from the global ENIGMA-Epilepsy working group. METHODS: A state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach was employed that parcellates the cerebellum into 28 neuroanatomical subregions...
February 27, 2024: Epilepsia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald Oboth, Larrey Kasereka Kamabu, Herve M Lekuya, Godfrey S Bbosa, Martha Sajatovic, Elly Katabira, Mark Kaddumukasa, Moses Galukande
INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are common among patients with depressed skull fractures (DSF). Understanding the burden of post traumatic seizures and the factors associated among adult patients with DSF is important to improve clinical care. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic seizures among adult patients with DSF at Mulago National Referral hospital (MNRH). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 333 study participants between March 2021 and February 2022...
February 17, 2024: Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel J Goodchild, Noah Gregory Shuart, Aaron D Williams, Wenlei Ye, R Ryley Parrish, Maegan Soriano, Samrat Thouta, Janette Mezeyova, Matthew Waldbrook, Richard Dean, Thilo Focken, Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo, Peter C Ruben, Fiona Scott, Charles J Cohen, James Empfield, J P Johnson
Voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV ) inhibitors are used to treat neurological disorders of hyperexcitability such as epilepsy. These drugs act by attenuating neuronal action potential firing to reduce excitability in the brain. However, all currently available NaV -targeting antiseizure medications nonselectively inhibit the brain channels NaV 1.1, NaV 1.2, and NaV 1.6, which potentially limits the efficacy and therapeutic safety margins of these drugs. Here, we report on XPC-7724 and XPC-5462, which represent a new class of small molecule NaV -targeting compounds...
February 15, 2024: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Moseley, Dimitrios Bourikas, Svetlana Dimova, Sami Elmoufti, Simon Borghs
INTRODUCTION: This article aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) in adults with focal-onset seizures on specific concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs) taken as part of their treatment regimen. METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (N01252/NCT00490035, N01253/NCT00464269, and N01358/NCT01261325) in patients with uncontrolled focal-onset seizures randomized to BRV (50-200 mg/day) or placebo on the most common concomitant ASMs at trial initiation...
February 15, 2024: Advances in Therapy
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Frontera, Emily J Gilmore, Emily L Johnson, DaiWai Olson, Appaji Rayi, Eljim Tesoro, Jamie Ullman, Yuhong Yuan, Sahar F Zafar, Shaun Rowe
BACKGROUND: There is practice heterogeneity in the use, type, and duration of prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) in patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles assessing ASM prophylaxis in adults with moderate-severe TBI (acute radiographic findings and requiring hospitalization). The population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) questions were as follows: (1) Should ASM versus no ASM be used in patients with moderate-severe TBI and no history of clinical or electrographic seizures? (2) If an ASM is used, should levetiracetam (LEV) or phenytoin/fosphenytoin (PHT/fPHT) be preferentially used? (3) If an ASM is used, should a long versus short (> 7 vs...
February 5, 2024: Neurocritical Care
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Norah A ALKhaldi, Michelle Tu, Ana Suller Marti, Azra Zafar, Christine Le, Derek Debicki, Seyed M Mirsattari
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differences in ASMs prescription, seizure characteristics and predictors of polypharmacy in patients with epilepsy and Intellectual disabilities (IDs) residing in group homes versus family homes. METHODS: This nine-year retrospective study analyzed patients with epilepsy and IDs who were admitted to the EMU, epilepsy clinics at LHSC and rehabilitation clinics for patients with IDs at Parkwood Institution. The study included individuals aged 16 years and older residing in either group homes or family homes...
January 30, 2024: Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Josua Kegele, Thomas Wagner, Teresa Kowenski, Matthias Wiesmayr, Christian Gatterer, Michael Alber, Wiliam Matuja, Erich Schmutzhard, Holger Lerche, Andrea S Winkler
Nodding Syndrome is a poorly understood epilepsy disorder in sub-Saharan Africa. The cause(s) of the disease, risk factors and long-term outcomes are unknown or controversial. The objectives of this study were to describe the long-term clinical course and treatment outcomes of individuals suffering from Nodding Syndrome. In addition, we aimed to provide a comprehensive characterization of the epileptological and social features of patients with Nodding Syndrome. From 11/2014 to 4/2015, we conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional and observational study in Mahenge, Tanzania...
February 15, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
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