Policy

IMPORTANCE: Several factors may place people with mental health disorders, including substance use disorders, at increased risk of experiencing homelessness and experiencing homelessness may also increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Meta-analyses examining the prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness globally are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine the current and lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness and identify associated factors...

INTRODUCTION: Population research indicates that smoking behaviors in Finland have varied over time by sex and birth cohort. Smoking behaviors are influenced by genes and the environment; like the behaviors themselves, these underlying influences are not necessarily stable over time and may be modifiable by national drug policy. METHODS: We utilized longitudinal mixed effects models and causal-common-contingent twin models to evaluate sex and cohort effects on tobacco consumption and the underlying genetic and environmental variance components in a birth cohort sample of same-sex twins born in Finland between 1880-1957, assessed in 1975, 1981, 1990, and 2011...

There is a call for global efforts to preserve the ecological systems that can sustain economies and people's lives. However, carbon emission (CEM) threatens the sustainability of humanity and ecological systems. This analysis looked into the influence of energy use (ERU), human capital (HCI), trade openness (TOP), natural resource (NRR), population, and economic growth (ENG) on CEM. The paper gathered panel data from the Central Asia region from 1990 to 2020. The CS-ARDL was applied to establish the long-term interaction among the indicators...

The influence of tourism development and economic policy uncertainties on environmental sustainability is substantial. Promoting responsible tourism and using sustainable tourism practises, like offering eco-friendly lodging, is a key part of protecting natural habitats and lowering carbon footprints. Hence, this study tries to examine the relationship between tourism development, economic policy uncertainty, renewable energy, and natural resources on the ecological footprint of India during 1990-2022. This study applies a novel dynamic ARDL simulation approach for long-run and short-run analyses...

Energy transition to greener systems has been a focal point in climate policy agendas across countries as the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel technologies have become more evident Displacing fossil fuels with clean energy alternatives in this regard is essential for meeting global climate objectives. In this context, the study analyzes the role of disaggregated renewable energy sources on fossil fuel displacement in 36 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in the period 2000-2020...

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is seeing exceptional urbanization and economic expansion rates. Therefore, the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) parameters and the spatial econometric framework are used in this work to examine the influence of economic growth and urbanization on SSA's CO2 emissions. Likewise, to determine the spatial effect and understand how factors influence the spatial dependence of carbon emissions, the study builds a spatial Durbin model (SDM)...

BACKGROUND: Due to the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), post-partum infections represent a significant treatment challenge. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature from January 2005 to February 2023 to quantify the frequency of maternal post-partum infections due to MDR pathogens in LMICs, focusing on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales...

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affect a large number of people globally and their burden has been growing. Healthcare for NCDs often involves high out-of-pocket expenditure and rising costs of providing services. Financing and providing care for NCDs have become a major challenge for health systems. Despite the high burden of NCDs in India, there is little information available on the costs involved in NCD care. METHODS: The study was aimed at finding out the average monthly cost of outpatient care per NCD patient...

BACKGROUND: Although basic laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) has become the standard procedure for hepatectomy, the safety of advanced LH remains to be clarified, especially in elderly patients. We investigated the safety of advanced LH in elderly Japanese patients. METHODS: Elderly patients (≥ 65 years) who underwent advanced LH between 2016 and 2021 were analyzed using a nationwide claims database in Japan. The perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent open hepatectomy (OH group) or LH (LH group) were compared using propensity score matching (PSM)...

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BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare personnel (HCP) faced a dire shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This shortage has been identified as a major source of distress among HCP during the early COVID-19 pandemic, though the specific consequences of this shortage have not been identified in the qualitative literature. METHODS: We sought to fill this gap by conducting a qualitative analysis of PPE related free-text comments from online surveys completed by 923 HCP during Spring 2020...

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face unique, intersectional threats to their mental health at work. Despite the existence of recommendations for multi-tiered interventions to promote and protect occupational mental health for HCWs, there remain significant challenges to implementation worldwide. METHODS: FHI 360, a global development organization, developed a novel technical assistance framework to accompany partners, including government and healthcare leaders to design, implement, improve, or evaluate any mental health and psychosocial support intervention...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue that has grave physical and mental health consequences for millions of women. The judicial system plays a critical role in responding to IPV principally through the criminal justice system, family law, and/or child welfare jurisdictions. However, victims/survivors who interact with the legal system report negative experiences. An under-researched area of scholarship is the degree to which judicial actors understand the mental health impacts of IPV on victims/survivors and how they apply that knowledge in practice...

Family nursing researchers are charged with addressing the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of family research when developing family-focused interventions. Step-by-step guidance is needed that integrates current science of intervention development with family science and helps researchers progress from foundational work to experimental work with policy integration. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide pragmatic, evidence-based guidance for advancing family intervention research from foundational work through efficacy testing...

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) have been widely identified, which is considered a global threat to public health. In the present study, we conducted an analysis of MCR genes ( mcr-1 , mcr-2 , mcr-3 , mcr-4 , and mcr-5 ) and PMQR genes [ qnrA , qnrB , qnrC , qnrD , qnrE1 , qnrVC , qnrS , aac(6')-Ib-cr , qepA , and oqxAB ] in E. coli from China, 1993-2019. From the 3,663 E. coli isolates examined, 1,613 (44.0%) tested positive for PMQR genes, either individually or in combination...

This article aims to clarify citizens' responses to conspiratorial anti-science beliefs (e.g. "The cure for cancer exists but is hidden from the public by commercial interests"). Based on Eurobarometer 95.2 (Spring 2021, 38 countries), we examine how public opposition or support for conspiratorial anti-science beliefs is related to individual- and country-level variables. There were large differences between the countries in their opposition or support. Controlling for artifacts, the individual-level variables showed associations with science-specific variables, for example, knowledge, preferred communication sources, social evaluations of scientists, attitude toward vaccines, and more general political (dis)satisfaction...

Quality of care in assisted living communities (ALCs) is important to consumers. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated emergency policies have posed major challenges on staff recruitment and retention. This study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational characteristics of ALCs in Florida and challenges with staff absence during COVID-19 ( N  = 129 ALCs). Results indicated that structures (provision of memory care services), processes of care (challenges hiring new staff, staff sent home to comply with precautions, and staff anxiety), and local COVID-19 positivity rate were significantly associated with staff absence due to fear of infection, sickness, or family responsibilities...

We used Poisson's linear regression to examine the association between racial bullying (RB) and the initiation of alcohol and tobacco uses after nine months. Two cluster randomized controlled trials were conducted in 2019 with fifth (girls: 50.0%; 10 years old: 82.0%; White: 36.8%; Black: 58.7%; Others: 4.5%) and seventh graders (girls: 49.5%; 12 years old: 78.1%; White: 33.2%; Black: 60.4%; Others: 6.4%) from 30 public schools in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. We restricted our analyzes on two subsets of students in each grade: those who reported no lifetime alcohol use at baseline and those who reported no lifetime baseline tobacco use...

To accurately predict the life-cycle carbon reduction benefits of replacing a diesel heavy-duty truck with an electric one, taking a single heavy-duty truck as the object, the variation trend in electric and diesel carbon emission factors from 2023 to 2050 were predicted; coupled with the life spans and life-cycle mileage of the two types of heavy-duty trucks, a dynamic carbon emission model for the heavy-duty trucks was constructed in stages. The carbon footprints of the trucks under the "Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)", "Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)", and "Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)" were analyzed...

The rapid development of society and economy has resulted in a substantial increase in energy consumption, consequently exacerbating pollution issues. Current research predominantly focuses on energy-saving and emission reduction in road transportation within individual cities or the three major economic regions of China:the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. However, there is a dearth of studies addressing the southeastern coastal economic region. Located at the heart of China's southeastern coastal economic development, the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang unavoidably face challenges associated with energy consumption and emissions while pursuing economic growth...