Liver transplant, kidney transplant, pancreas and intestinal transplant

BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNv) is a major cause of viral encephalitis in the United States. WNv infection is usually asymptomatic or a limited febrile illness in the immunocompetent hosts, although a small percentage can develop neuroinvasive disease. Neuroinvasive disease due to WNv in solid organ transplant recipients occurs at higher rates than observed in the general population and can have long term neurological sequalae. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all solid organ transplant recipients at our institution who tested positive for WNv from 2010 to 2018...

CXCL1 is a CXC chemokine, CXCR2 ligand and chemotactic factor for neutrophils. In this paper, we present a review of the role of the chemokine CXCL1 in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the oral cavity and abdominal organs (gingiva, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys). We focus on the importance of CXCL1 on implantation and placentation as well as on human pluripotent stem cells. We also show the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the abdominal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity (periodontal diseases, periodontitis, Sjögren syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), HBV and HCV infection, liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), obesity and overweight, kidney transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury, endometriosis and adenomyosis)...

Pediatric patients constitute an important group within the general transplant population, given the opportunity to significantly extend their lives with successful transplantation. Children have historically received special consideration under the various abdominal solid organ allocation algorithms, but matching patients with size and weight restrictions with appropriate donors remains an ongoing issue. Here, we describe the historical trends in pediatric organ allocation policies for liver, kidney, intestine, and pancreas transplantation...

This review highlights noteworthy literature pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. In 2021, we identified noteworthy papers from over 1,200 peer-reviewed publications on pancreatic transplantation, over 1,400 on intestinal transplantation, and over 9,000 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section focuses on clinical trials and systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2021 and features 20 selected papers...

Organ transplantation remains the treatment of last resort in case of failure of a vital organ (lung, liver, heart, intestine) or non-vital organ (essentially the kidney and pancreas) for which supplementary treatments exist. It remains the best alternative both in terms of quality-of-life and life expectancy for patients and of public health expenditure. Unfortunately, organ shortage remains a widespread issue, as on average only about 25% of patients waiting for an organ are transplanted each year. This situation has led to the consideration of recent donor populations (deceased by brain death with extended criteria or deceased after circulatory arrest)...

BACKGROUND: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) is an immune-mediated hemolysis that occurs after ABO-mismatched kidney transplantation. PLS is caused by donor lymphocytes producing antibodies to recipient red blood cells, resulting in hemolysis. The incidence of PLS has been reported to be approximately 20% in patients with ABO-mismatched groups. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive review of PLS following renal transplantation. In this review, we systematically summarized the data of patients with PLS after renal transplantation to help clinicians diagnose and treat more effectively...

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end stage organ failure,and voluntary donation after citizen's death is the only source of transplanted organ in China.Clinically,transplantation organ protection technology plays a critical role in improving the quality of transplantation organs and the prognosis of recipients.On the basis of domestic and worldwide basic research and clinical practice and according to the Oxford evidence classification and GRADE system,the experts organized by Organ Transplantation Doctor Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association,Organ Transplantation Group in Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and China Liver Transplant Registry Scientific Committee had compiled and published the Chinese Expert Consensus on Organ Protection of Transplantation(2016 edition) for liver,kidney,pancreas,small intestine,heart,lung transplantation organs...

BACKGROUND: The risk of donor-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in solid organ (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine) transplant recipients is poorly understood. Since hematogenous transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been documented to date, nonlung solid organs might be suitable for transplantation since they likely portend a low risk of viral transmission. METHODS: Abdominal solid organs from SARS-CoV-2-infected donors were transplanted into uninfected recipients...

Although short-term machine perfusion (≤24 h) allows for resuscitation and viability assessment of high-risk donor livers, the donor organ shortage might be further remedied by long-term perfusion machines. Extended preservation of injured donor livers may allow reconditioning, repairing, and regeneration. This review summarizes the necessary requirements and challenges for long-term liver machine preservation, which requires integrating multiple core physiological functions to mimic the physiological environment inside the body...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) transformed hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in 2014; however, their impact on transplant candidates' willingness to accept (CWTA) organs from HCV+ donors remains uncertain. We retrospectively studied Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data from 2008 to 2019, investigating CWTA different organs from HCV+ donors over time, using segmented multivariable logistic regression, and how that influenced wait-time and deceased-donor transplantation (DDTx) probability, using multivariable logistic or linear regression...

PURPOSE: We investigated the status of deceased organ donation and transplantation through a questionnaire distributed to transplant centers in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The questionnaire was distributed electronically to 206 transplant centers for heart (n = 11), lung (n = 10), liver (n = 25), kidney (n = 130), pancreas (n = 18), and small intestine (n = 12) transplantation. Organ donations and organ transplantation data were extracted from the Japan Organ Transplant Network website...

Cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable and unresolved problem that poses a great challenge in solid organ transplantation (SOT). It represents a major factor that increases acute tubular necrosis, decreases graft survival, and delays graft function. This complicates graft quality, post-transplant patient care and organ transplantation outcomes, and therefore undermines the success of SOT. Herein, we review recent advances in research regarding novel pharmacological strategies involving the use of different donor molecules of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), the third established member of the gasotransmitter family, against cold IRI in different experimental models of SOT (kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas and intestine)...

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) are reported in the literature after liver, intestinal, heart, pancreas, and kidney transplants. We report a case of autoimmune pancytopenia (AIHA, AIN and ITP) 9 years after liver transplantation with confirmed erythrocyte and neutrophil auto-antibodies. CASE REPORT: A 49 years old man was admitted to our hospital presented with dysentery and fever, with history of liver transplantation in 2008...

In 2020, we identified and screened over 490 peer-reviewed publications on pancreatic transplantation, over 500 on intestinal transplantation, and over 5000 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section specially focused on clinical trials and systematic reviews published in 2020 and featured selected articles. This review highlights noteworthy literature pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. We explore a wide range of topics, including COVID-19 and organ transplantation, risk factors and outcomes, pain management, artificial intelligence, robotic donor surgery, and machine perfusion...

Transplantation is essential and crucial for individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure diseases. However, there are still many challenges regarding these procedures, such as high rates of organ rejection, shortage of organ donors, and long waiting lines. Thus, investments and efforts to develop laboratory-grown organs have increased over the past years, and with the recent progress in regenerative medicine, growing organs in vitro might be a reality within the next decades. One of the many different strategies to address this issue relies on organoid technology, a miniaturized and simplified version of an organ...

Vascularized Composite Allograft (VCA) transplantation provides life-changing transplants, but VCA adds complexity to the donation process and timing, possibly impeding solid organ donation. Expanding upon descriptive analyses, this study examines risk-adjusted predictions versus the observed number of organs donated by VCA donors. Our cohort included VCA donors in the U.S. during 1/1/2008-12/31/2017 (n=51), using OPTN Deceased Donor Registration Form data and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) donor yield models to calculate observed-to-expected (O:E) yield ratios...

BACKGROUND: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have up to 500-fold increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (KSC). International guidelines recommend at least annual skin cancer screening for OTRs. OBJECTIVES: To explore the current skin cancer surveillance practice in UK transplant centres across all solid organs and the barriers to surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was sent to all 59 transplant centres in the UK specialising in kidney (n = 24), pancreas (n = 10), heart and/or lung (n = 13), liver (n = 8) and intestine (n = 4) transplants...

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at an increased risk for CDI. A recent study showed an overall improvement in mortality amongst hospitalized individuals with CDI, but it is unclear if this benefit extends to SOT recipients. METHODS: We scrutinized the 2015 and 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States for CDI data in patients with SOT...

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a common complication after peripheral blood stem cell or bone marrow transplantation, rarely occurs in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients. The true incidence may be confounded by the rarity of the disorder, with a resultant lack of appreciation of the diagnosis as a potential cause of common clinical manifestations such as cytopenias and immune dysfunction. Reports of GVHD in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients almost uniformly describe patients in the early posttransplant period (days to months) with the typical manifestations of acute GVHD involving the skin, liver, and intestines...

PURPOSE: Patient and donor risk factors for post-heart transplant mortality have been identified, but the relevance of the procurement procedure itself has not been examined. We sought to assess the impact of donor multiorgan procurement on survival following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). METHODS: From the UNOS STAR database, we included all adult (≥18Y) heart transplants (HT) performed since 2000 and used donor IDs to determine how many other organs were procured from the same donor as the recipient's heart allograft (regardless of recipient)...