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REVIEW
Shanshan Zhang, Shuyi Han, Maoxiu Zhang, Yunshan Wang
Invasive prenatal paternity tests can result in miscarriage and congenital malformations; therefore, a non-invasive method of testing is preferable. However, little progress could be made in this field until the introduction of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in 2009. In this review, two aspects regarding the history and development of non-invasive prenatal paternity testing (NIPAT) are summarized: (1) extraction and enrichment of cffDNA and (2) genetic marker-based studies. Although column-based kits are used widely for NIPAT, some researchers have suggested that an automated method, such as magnetic extraction, generally has a higher cffDNA yield than that of manual column-based extraction; therefore, its popularity might increase in the near future...
April 1, 2018: Legal Medicine
#2
REVIEW
Barbara Renga
The discovery of cell free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has stimulated a rapid development of non-invasive prenatal testing. The recent advent of massively parallel sequencing has allowed the analysis of circulating cell-free fetal DNA to be performed with unprecedented sensitivity and precision. It is thus expected that plasma DNA-based non invasive prenatal testing will play an increasingly important role in the future of obstetric care. The present review summarizes recent advances in non invasive prenatal testing using cell free fetal DNA...
March 20, 2018: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
#3
Mirthe H Schoots, Sanne J Gordijn, Sicco A Scherjon, Harry van Goor, Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
The most important function of the placenta is the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between a mother and her fetus. To establish a healthy functioning placenta, placentation needs to occur with adequate remodelling of spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblasts. When this process is impaired, the resulting suboptimal and inadequate placenta function results in the manifestation of pregnancy complications. Impaired placenta function can cause preeclampsia and leads to fetal growth restriction due to hypoxia...
March 16, 2018: Placenta
#4
Frederik Banch Clausen
In the fight against hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, pregnant RhD negative women are offered antenatal and postnatal anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis to prevent the development of antibodies against the fetal D antigen. Antenatal prophylaxis has traditionally been provided to all D negative pregnant women, as the fetal RhD type remains unknown until birth. With noninvasive prenatal testing of cell-free DNA, predicting the fetal RhD type has become highly feasible based on analysis of the fetal RHD gene...
April 19, 2018: Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
#5
Aurélia Gruber, Mathilde Pacault, Laila Allach El Khattabi, Nicolas Vaucouleur, Lucie Orhant, Thierry Bienvenu, Emmanuelle Girodon, Dominique Vidaud, France Leturcq, Catherine Costa, Franck Letourneur, Olivia Anselem, Vassilis Tsatsaris, François Goffinet, Géraldine Viot, Michel Vidaud, Juliette Nectoux
BACKGROUND: To limit risks of miscarriages associated with invasive procedures of current prenatal diagnosis practice, we aim to develop a personalized medicine-based protocol for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of monogenic disorders relying on the detection of paternally inherited mutations in maternal blood using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). METHODS: This study included four couples at risk of transmitting paternal neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) mutations and four couples at risk of transmitting compound heterozygous CFTR mutations...
April 25, 2018: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine: CCLM
#6
Nobuhiro Suzumori, Akihiko Sekizawa, Takeshi Ebara, Osamu Samura, Aiko Sasaki, Rina Akaishi, Seiji Wada, Haruka Hamanoue, Fumiki Hirahara, Haruna Izumi, Hideaki Sawai, Hiroaki Nakamura, Takahiro Yamada, Kiyonori Miura, Hideaki Masuzaki, Takahiro Yamashita, Takashi Okai, Yoshimasa Kamei, Akira Namba, Jun Murotsuki, Tomohiro Tanemoto, Akimune Fukushima, Kazufumi Haino, Shinya Tairaku, Keiichi Matsubara, Kazutoshi Maeda, Takashi Kaji, Masanobu Ogawa, Hisao Osada, Haruki Nishizawa, Yoko Okamoto, Takeshi Kanagawa, Aiko Kakigano, Michihiro Kitagawa, Masaki Ogawa, Shunichiro Izumi, Yukiko Katagiri, Naoki Takeshita, Yasuyo Kasai, Katsuhiko Naruse, Reiko Neki, Hisashi Masuyama, Maki Hyodo, Yukie Kawano, Takashi Ohba, Kiyotake Ichizuka, Takeshi Nagamatsu, Atsushi Watanabe, Nahoko Shirato, Junko Yotsumoto, Miyuki Nishiyama, Tatsuko Hirose, Haruhiko Sago
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the fetal fractions during non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in singleton pregnancies according to gestational age and maternal characteristics to evaluate the utility of this parameter for the prediction of pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). STUDY DESIGN: This study was a multicenter prospective cohort study. The present data were collected from women whose NIPT results were negative...
March 26, 2018: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
#7
F Léonard, Renaud Gueben, Robin Gueben, B Grisart, C Van Linthout
The non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) has recently been added in our clinical practice. Sensitivity and specificity of this method in the common fetal aneuploidies screening is about 99 %. This technique remains a screening test, not a diagnosis test, because false positive or negative results exist. The discordant results are explained by the method itself witch analyses the whole free circulating DNA in the maternal blood: the fetal DNA from trophoblastic cells lysing but also the maternal DNA. Placenta confined mosaic is the main false positive cause reported in the literature...
March 2018: Revue Médicale de Liège
#8
Patricia K Agatisa, Mary Beth Mercer, Ariane Mitchum, Marissa B Coleridge, Ruth M Farrell
Purpose: The clinical introduction of innovative prenatal genetic technologies challenges patients and providers to find new ways of fostering informed decision-making in a setting characterized by complexity and uncertainty. As prenatal genetic technology advances, important questions remain about how to structure patient-centered conversations that effectively prepare pregnant patients to make informed choices about the different genetic conditions for which this new form screening may be used...
March 2018: Journal of Patient Experience
#9
Pedro Saramago, Huiqin Yang, Alexis Llewellyn, Ruth Walker, Melissa Harden, Stephen Palmer, Susan Griffin, Mark Simmonds
BACKGROUND: High-throughput non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal rhesus (D antigen) (RhD) status could avoid unnecessary treatment with routine anti-D immunoglobulin for RhD-negative women carrying a RhD-negative fetus, although this may lead to an increased risk of RhD sensitisations. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy, clinical effectiveness and implementation of high-throughput NIPT and to develop a cost-effectiveness model...
March 2018: Health Technology Assessment: HTA
#10
Shi-Bin Cheng, Sarah Davis, Surendra Sharma
There exists a strong correlation between unscheduled inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and the continuum of pregnancy complications. In normal pregnancy, immunological tolerance is established to protect the semi-allogeneic fetus. There has been extensive research on how the immunity, endovascular trophoblast migration, and hormonal nexus are orchestrated during pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface to program a normal pregnancy outcome. It is not clear what contributes to the plasticity of uterine immune tolerance, fetal survial, and long-term post-partum health of the mother and the offspring...
March 25, 2018: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology: AJRI
#11
Sakiko Fujii, Katsumi Fujimoto, Noriko Goto, Yoshimitsu Abiko, Asayo Imaoka, Jinchang Shao, Kazuko Kitayama, Masami Kanawa, Agung Sosiawan, Ketut Suardita, Fusanori Nishimura, Yukio Kato
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are promising candidates for use as transplantable cells in regenerative medicine. However, ex vivo expansion of these cells typically requires culture media containing fetal bovine serum, which may cause infection and immunological reaction following transplantation. In addition, the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs markedly depend upon serum batches. Therefore, the present study examined whether DPCs could be expanded under serum-free conditions. DPCs obtained from four donors were identified to proliferate actively in the serum-free medium, STK2, when compared with those cells in control medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% serum)...
April 2018: Biomedical Reports
#12
REVIEW
Kathryn J Gray, Louise E Wilkins-Haug
Prenatal aneuploidy screening changed significantly in 2012 when cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was introduced as a noninvasive prenatal test. A noninvasive prenatal test detects cell free fragments of fetal DNA from the placenta circulating in maternal blood that coexist with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of maternal origin. Using next-generation sequencing, the noninvasive prenatal test compares maternal and fetal cfDNA ratios for chromosomes of interest (i.e., 21, 18, 13, X, and Y) to assess chromosomal aneuploidy...
April 2018: Pediatric Radiology
#13
Qing Mao, Robert Chin, Weiwei Xie, Yuqing Deng, Wenwei Zhang, Huixin Xu, Rebecca Yu Zhang, Quan Shi, Erin E Peters, Natali Gulbahce, Zhenyu Li, Fang Chen, Radoje Drmanac, Brock A Peters
BACKGROUND: Amniocentesis is a common procedure, the primary purpose of which is to collect cells from the fetus to allow testing for abnormal chromosomes, altered chromosomal copy number, or a small number of genes that have small single- to multibase defects. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of generating an accurate whole-genome sequence of a fetus from either the cellular or cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of an amniotic sample. METHODS: cfDNA and DNA isolated from the cell pellet of 31 amniocenteses were sequenced to approximately 50× genome coverage by use of the Complete Genomics nanoarray platform...
March 15, 2018: Clinical Chemistry
#14
Feng Suo, Chuangxia Wang, Tianya Liu, Yuan Fang, Qin Wu, Maosheng Gu, Lingshan Gou
BACKGROUND: Cell-free fetal DNA are widely used in the prenatal genetic testing during recent years. In the present study, we tried to investigate the clinical practical feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for prenatal sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) analysis among pregnancies in Xuzhou area of China. METHODS: Among a cohort of 8384 pregnancies, maternal plasma samples from our prenatal diagnosis center was subject to the analysis for SCA using NIPT detection...
March 12, 2018: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
#15
Sumire Terasawa, Asuka Kato, Haruki Nishizawa, Takema Kato, Hikari Yoshizawa, Yoshiteru Noda, Jun Miyazaki, Mayuko Ito, Takao Sekiya, Takuma Fujii, Hiroki Kurahashi
Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) and achondroplasia (ACH) are allelic disorders caused by a constitutively active mutation in the FGFR3 gene. Because TD is a lethal disorder and ACH is non-lethal, they need to be distinguished after ultrasound identification of fetal growth retardation with short limbs. Accordingly, we have developed a noninvasive prenatal test using cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal circulation to distinguish TD and ACH. A multiplex PCR system encompassing five mutation hotspots in the FGFR3 gene allowed us to efficiently identify the responsible mutation in cell-free DNA in all examined pregnancies with a suspected TD or ACH fetus...
March 14, 2018: Congenital Anomalies
#16
Fredrik Dahl, Olle Ericsson, Olof Karlberg, Filip Karlsson, Mathias Howell, Fredrik Persson, Fredrik Roos, Johan Stenberg, Tarja Ahola, Ida Alftrén, Björn Andersson, Emelie Barkenäs, Birgit Brandner, Jenny Dahlberg, Sara Elfman, Magnus Eriksson, Per-Ola Forsgren, Niels Francois, Anna Gousseva, Faizan Hakamali, Åsa Janfalk-Carlsson, Henrik Johansson, Johanna Lundgren, Atefeh Mohsenchian, Linus Olausson, Simon Olofsson, Atif Qureshi, Björn Skarpås, Anna Sävneby, Eva Åström, Ove Öhman, Magnus Westgren, Helena Kopp-Kallner, Aino Fianu-Jonasson, Argyro Syngelaki, Kypros Nicolaides
Cell-free DNA analysis is becoming adopted for first line aneuploidy screening, however for most healthcare programs, cost and workflow complexity is limiting adoption of the test. We report a novel cost effective method, the Vanadis NIPT assay, designed for high precision digitally-enabled measurement of chromosomal aneuploidies in maternal plasma. Reducing NIPT assay complexity is achieved by using novel molecular probe technology that specifically label target chromosomes combined with a new readout format using a nanofilter to enrich single molecules for imaging and counting without DNA amplification, microarrays or sequencing...
March 14, 2018: Scientific Reports
#17
Chun Feng, Zhaobo He, Bo Cai, Jianhong Peng, Jieping Song, Xuechen Yu, Yue Sun, Jing Yuan, Xingzhong Zhao, Yuanzhen Zhang
Detection of detached fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) in the maternal peripheral blood may serve as a prospective testing method competing with the cell-free DNA, in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Methods: Herein, we introduce a facile and effective lab-on-a-chip method of fNRBCs detection using a capture-releasing material that is composed of biotin-doped polypyrrole nanoparticles. To enhance local topographic interactions between the nano-components and fNRBC, a specific antibody, CD147, coated on the nanostructured substrate led to the isolation of fNRBCs from maternal peripheral blood...
2018: Theranostics
#18
Jean-Marc Costa, Alexandra Letourneau, Romain Favre, Laurent Bidat, Joelle Belaisch-Allart, Jean-Marie Jouannic, Edwin Quarello, Marie-Victoire Senat, Bernard Broussin, Vassilis Tsatsaris, Adèle Demain, Pascale Kleinfinger, Laurence Lohmann, Hélène Agostini, Jean Bouyer, Alexandra Benachi
PurposeCell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a primary screening test has been available for years but few studies have addressed this option in a prospective manner. The question is of interest after reports that maternal serum screening (MSS) is less accurate for pregnancies resulting from assisted reproduction technologies (ART) than for spontaneous pregnancies (SP).MethodsA prospective interventional study was designed to address the performances of cfDNA compared with MSS in pregnancies with or without ART. Each patient was offered both MSS and cfDNA testing...
March 1, 2018: Genetics in Medicine: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics
#19
EDITORIAL
Antoni Borrell
Prenatal diagnosis of birth defects initially targeted Down syndrome and neural tube defects. Screening for fetal structural anomalies has expanded to screen any relevant malformation by means of a universal ultrasound scan. Although it is now apparent that clinically relevant genetic anomalies have a similar 3% birth prevalence, prenatal diagnosis programs still focus on Down syndrome. A new comprehensive paradigm is suggested, that provides information on all three groups of genetic disorders, chromosomal, submicroscopic and single-gene, causing intellectual and neurodevelopmental disability...
February 26, 2018: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
#20
REVIEW
Barbora Konečná, Lucia Lauková, Barbora Vlková
Cell-free self-DNA or RNA may induce an immune response by activating specific sensing receptors. During pregnancy, placental nucleic acids present in the maternal circulation further activate these receptors due to the presence of unmethylated CpG islands. A higher concentration of cell-free fetal DNA is associated with pregnancy complications and a higher risk for fetal rejection. Cell-free fetal DNA originates from placental trophoblasts. It appears in different forms: free, bound to histones in nucleosomes, in neutrophil extracellular traps and in extracellular vesicles...
February 26, 2018: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
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