Epidemiology hemodialysis catheters infections

BACKGROUND: Catheter-related infections are the sixth leading cause of nosocomial infections with approximately 7% of cases. AIM: The aim of this work was to establish the bacterial epidemiology of the catheter and TIC culture (totally implantable catheter) at the Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital (MVHMI), and to study the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated. METHODS: this is a retrospective study over 24 months, including the venous and arterial catheters as well as the TIC treated at the Microbiology laboratory of the MVHMI...

BACKGROUND: Candidemia is an important nosocomial blood stream infection in critically ill patients. Although several studies have addressed candidemia, very few have reviewed the impact of Candida glabrata candidemia in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of ICU patients between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The epidemiology, clinical features and mortality related risk factors among our adult ICU patients were seen...

INTRODUCTION: Risk factors for nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp. (CRK) infections were analyzed in this study. METHODOLOGY: The incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes of CRK infections during a seven-year period (2004-2010) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 720 patients were included in the study. Carbapenem resistance among Klebsiella spp. were significantly increased between 2003 and 2007 (p<0...

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant (LT) recipients. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of post-transplant BSI in LT recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microbiology, frequency, and outcome of post-transplant BSI in the first year after LT were retrospectively analyzed in 222 consecutive patients who had received liver transplants at a single center between 2005 and 2011...

Patients submitted to hemodialysis are at a high risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Presently there are scarce data to allow benchmarking of HAI rates in developing countries. Also, most studies focus only on bloodstream infections (BSI) or local access infections (LAI). Our study aimed to provide a wide overview of HAI epidemiology in a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil. We present data from prospective surveillance carried out from March 2010 through May 2012. Rates were compared (mid-p exact test) and temporally analyzed in Shewhart control charts for Poisson distributions...

The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has almost doubled over past 2 decades. Despite decreasing overall hospital admission rates for ESRD population, the rate of infection-related hospitalizations has steadily increased. Infection remains the second most common cause of mortality in this patient population. Specifically, in the hemodialysis (HD) patients, the vascular access related infections are the most common identifiable source of infection. This concise review provides an update on the bacteremia related to vascular access primarily the catheters (Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection- CRBSI) in HD patients emphasizing on the determinants ranging from the epidemiology to pathogenesis, risk factors, cost implications and prevention...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 15 700 invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections occurred in US dialysis patients in 2010. Frequent hospital visits and prolonged bloodstream access, especially via central venous catheters (CVCs), are risk factors among hemodialysis patients. We describe the epidemiology of and recent trends in invasive MRSA infections among dialysis patients. METHODS: We analyzed population-based data from 9 US metropolitan areas from 2005 to 2011...

INTRODUCTION: Infection remains one of the leading causes of death in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) receiving dialysis. Since April 2007, all centres providing renal replacement therapy in England have been required to provide additional data on patients with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection. From January 2011 this has also been required for patients with Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). MRSA data for 2009-2011 and the first 6 months of MSSA data are reported...

Among others complications due central venous catheters (CVCs), the blood infection (BI) deserves particular attention. The purposes of this study were to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients using CVC; to know the yeast colonization index; and to link it to risk factors for BI. Yeasts were investigated in 156 CVCs removed from 91 patients of the Regional University Hospital of Maringá from February to August, 2008. Yeast colonization was detected in 10.89% of the catheters, which were removed from 15 patients, three of them had a fatal hospital yeast infection due to catheter...

Infectious complications remain a major source of morbidity and mortality for patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. The majority of these complications are related to dialysis access devices, and as such represent a potentially modifiable risk factor. This article reviews the important infectious complications associated with dialysis access, including both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The discussion highlights the epidemiology, management, and prevention of dialysis access infections.

PURPOSE: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are common among patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD) worldwide. The aim of this study was look into the incidence, epidemiology, and risk factors for CRBSI in four medical centers and Spanish dialysis facilities following a common protocol for insertion and management of tunneled hemodialysis catheters (THCs). METHODS: Prospective study including all THCs inserted from September-04 to October-05...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease is now regarded as amajor public health concern. This is especially true in developing countries where it accounts for significant morbidity, mortality and decreased life expectancy. The main problem for developing countries is the cost of dialysis. Indeed, the availability of peritoneal dialysis for renal replacement therapy is low in sub-Saharan Africa. Since March 2004 peritoneal dialysis has been available to some patients with end-stage renal disease in Senegal...

This Review focuses on the changing epidemiology of infections among patients with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. In particular, bloodstream infections related to vascular access in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, are highlighted. Gram-positive (staphylococcal and enterococcal) bloodstream infections and Gram-negative peritonitis (especially extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms) contribute substantially to excess health-care use owing to infection caused by dialysis access...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage and transmission in an ambulatory hemodialysis population. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Outpatient hemodialysis facility affiliated with a large academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 170 facility patients, 103 (61%) participated in the study. METHODS: Swab specimens of the nares, axillae, and vascular access site were collected from participants weekly for 3 weeks and then monthly for 5 months...

Central venous catheter-related infections have been associated with high morbidity, mortality, and costs. Catheter use in chronic hemodialysis patients has been recognized as distinct from other patient populations who require central venous access, leading to recent adaptations in guidelines-recommended diagnosis for catheter-related bacteremia (CRB). This review will discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of hemodialysis CRB, in addition to a focus on interventions that have favorably affected CRB outcomes...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, and microbiological features (including antibiotic susceptibility) of infective endocarditis (IE) at Kitasato University Hospital, Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 153 patients (155 episodes) with definite IE according to the Duke criteria, who presented over a 17-year period. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for cultured causative microorganisms were also examined...

With the growing recognition of the preventability of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), reducing the number of CRBSIs acquired in health care facilities has become an important patient safety goal. To date, most prevention efforts have been conducted in intensive care units (ICUs); however, many central venous catheters (CVCs) are found outside the ICU, and rates of catheter-associated bloodstream infections in these settings appear to be similar to rates of these infections in ICUs. CVCs are also used in patients who primarily receive their care as outpatients, including those requiring hemodialysis, undergoing treatment for malignancies, and receiving parenteral nutrition...

Epidemiology data predict that by the year 2025, diabetes will affect about 380 million people worldwide with a significant increase in patients with chronic renal disease progressing to hemodialysis. Diabetes-related peripheral vascular disease is a major risk factor for vascular access failure in patients on extracorporeal hemodialysis. Although peritoneal dialysis is a valid option for diabetics, peritonitis is still a main complication for these patients. We report the case of a 71-year-old type 2 diabetes patient treated by subcutaneous insulin, undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) who developed peritonitis and bloodstream infection by Ochrobactrum anthropi (O...

Infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are particularly problematic, accounting for a substantial number of hospitalizations in these patients. Hospitalizations for BSI and other vascular access infections appear to have increased dramatically in hemodialysis patients since 1993. These infections frequently are related to central venous catheter (CVC) use for dialysis access. Regional initiatives that have shown successful decreases in catheter-related BSIs in hospitalized patients have generated interest in replicating this success in outpatient hemodialysis populations...

Renal Registry (RR) of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established in 2002, with aim to follow up the trends of Renal Replacement Therapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The prevalence of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is rising steadily. One reason for this is an increasing number of patients starting RRT. The aim is to present the epidemiology and treatment of all aspects of RRT in Bosnia and Herzegovina in period 2002-2008. Centre-related and patient-related questionnaires were sent to all 25 dialysis centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina...