Thapa

BACKGROUND: There are limited preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer models due to the technical complexity of surgical engraftment and tracking the tumor growth in the mouse prostate gland. Orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, tumor stromal interactions, and clinical behavior to a greater extent than xenografts grown at subcutaneous or intramuscular sites. METHODS: This study describes a novel micro-surgical technique for orthotopically implanting intact tumors pieces from cell line derived (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate [TRAMP]-C2) or patient derived (neuroendocrine prostate cancer [NEPC]) tumors in the mouse prostate gland and monitoring tumor growth using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging...

Lung inflammatory disorders are a major global health burden, impacting millions of people and raising rates of morbidity and death across many demographic groups. An industrial chemical and common environmental contaminant, formaldehyde (FA) presents serious health concerns to the respiratory system, including the onset and aggravation of lung inflammatory disorders. Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between FA exposure levels and the incidence and severity of several respiratory diseases...

Severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections can result in hyper-inflammation, lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome1-5 (ARDS), for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies. Necroptosis is an attractive entry point for therapeutic intervention in ARDS and related inflammatory conditions because it drives pathogenic lung inflammation and lethality during severe IAV infection6-8 and can potentially be targeted by receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) inhibitors. Here we show that a newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor, UH15-38, potently and selectively blocked IAV-triggered necroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells in vivo...

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data on the characteristics of overlap between acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Klebsiella pneumoniae in high-risk settings, especially with the inclusion of surveillance isolates along with the clinical. We investigated K. pneumoniae isolates, from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Nepal, for the presence of both accessory virulence factors and acquired antimicrobial resistance. METHODS: Thirty-eight clinical and nineteen surveillance K...

BACKGROUND: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a therapeutic technique of applying sub-atmospheric pressure to a wound to reduce inflammation, manage exudate, and promote the formation of granulation tissue. It aims to optimise the natural physiological processes of wound healing for more effective recovery, and NPWT has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional dressings. METHODS: The protocol followed in the study was prospectively registered. Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were used to search electronic databases for relevant articles...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor type, with a discouragingly low survival rate and few effective treatments. An important function of the EGFR signalling pathway in the development of GBM is to affect tumor proliferation, persistence, and treatment resistance. Advances in molecular biology in the last several years have shown how important ncRNAs are for controlling a wide range of biological activities, including cancer progression and development. NcRNAs have become important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and they may affect the EGFR pathway by either directly targeting EGFR or by modifying important transcription factors and downstream signalling molecules...

INTRODUCTION: Campylobacteriosis stands as one of the most frequent bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide necessitating antibiotic treatment in severe cases and the rise of quinolones-resistant Campylobacter jejuni poses a significant challenge. The predominant mechanism of quinolones-resistance in this bacterium involves point mutations in the gyrA, resulting in amino acid substitution from threonine to isoleucine at 86th position, representing more than 90% of mutant DNA gyrase, and aspartic acid to asparagine at 90th position...

PURPOSE: There are limited data available on the real-world patterns of molecular testing in men with advanced prostate cancer. We thus sought to evaluate next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in the United States, focused on single versus serial NGS testing, the different disease states of testing (hormone-sensitive v castration-resistant, metastatic vs nonmetastatic), tissue versus plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays, and how often actionable data were found on each NGS test...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) -related biomarker change on clinical features, brain atrophy and functional connectivity of patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). METHODS: Data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CBS, PSP, and AD and healthy controls were obtained from the 4-R-Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative 1 and 2, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and a local cohort from the Toronto Western Hospital...

Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a widespread bacterial infection that remains a significant global health issue. This study focuses on conducting a thorough investigation into the synthesis, evaluation of anti-Tb activity, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation of substituted benzimidazole derivatives. A series of twelve substituted benzimidazole derivatives ( 1 - 12 ) were successfully synthesized, employing a scaffold consisting of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. The newly synthesized compounds were defined by their FTIR, 1 H NMR, and mass spectra...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: This manuscript underscores the critical significance of prompt diagnosis and intervention in cases of post-traumatic gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms. Such occurrences, particularly in the paediatric population, are rare but potentially life-threatening complications following abdominal trauma, necessitating heightened clinical awareness. Despite their rarity, the devastating consequences of delayed recognition and management emphasize the necessity for advanced imaging modalities and individualized treatment strategies...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with early childhood onset. It is characterized by ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and lymphoid-origin cancer predisposition due to ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene mutations. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors present a 19-year-old girl with spastic movements since 18 months, leading to wheelchair dependence. Ocular telangiectasia, dystonic posture, and slurred speech were evident...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Sydenham's chorea (SC), a major neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is commonly seen in young children and adolescents. It is characterized by rapid, unpredictable, involuntary, and nonpatterned contractions affecting mostly distal limbs. It can also be associated with clinical or subclinical carditis. SC has been reported as a major manifestation in only 3.87% cases of acute rheumatic fever in Nepal. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report a case of a 12-year-old boy with abnormal movement of his right hand and unsteady gait for 12 days...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Intracranial osteochondroma is rare, presenting diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging findings with other pathologies. This case report highlights the significance of considering osteochondroma in calcified tumour differentials near bone. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man with vision deterioration and headaches had an MRI revealing a suprasellar lesion. Intraoperatively, a bony hard tumour was partially resected. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) confirmed a calcified mass contiguous with the posterior clinoid...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Alstrom syndrome is one of the rarest monogenic ciliopathy belonging to autosomal recessive disorder. The pathophysiology of Alstrom syndrome is not well understood but based upon the available medical literature its mechanism can be linked with recessive mutation in Alstrom syndrome 1(ALSM1) gene resulting in various multiple organ involvement and poor prognosis. Moreover the co-occurrence of such syndrome simultaneously in twins in same period of time is considered rare...

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UNLABELLED: A survey of awareness and attitudes to the management of fragility fractures among the membership of the Asia Pacific Orthopaedic Association conducted in 2022 found considerable variation in care across the region. A Call to Action is proposed to improve acute care, rehabilitation and secondary fracture prevention across Asia Pacific. PURPOSE: Fragility fractures impose a substantial burden on older people and their families, healthcare systems and national economies...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an escalating global public health threat. Canals are essential in Thailand, including the capital city, Bangkok, as agricultural and daily water sources. However, the characteristic and antimicrobial-resistance properties of the bacteria in the urban canals have never been elucidated. This study employed whole genome sequencing to characterize 30 genomes of a causal pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella enterica, isolated from Bangkok canal water between 2016 and 2020. The dominant serotype was Salmonella Agona...

Glucosylation is a well-known approach to improve the solubility, pharmacological, and biological properties of flavonoids, making flavonoid glucosides a target for large-scale biosynthesis. However, the low yield of products coupled with the requirement of expensive UDP-sugars limits the application of enzymatic systems for large-scale. C. glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacteria frequently employed for the large-scale production of amino acids and bio-fuels. Due to the versatility of its cell factory system and its non-endotoxin producing properties, it has become an attractive system for the industrial-scale biosynthesis of alternate products...

INTRODUCTION: Various preoperative risk factors for conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have been well studied. However, the assessment of intraoperative factors for conversion in patients with cholecystitis is unclear. The G10 scoring system, which incorporates 10 parameters, has tried to fill this void by developing a scoring system for the most commonly encountered surgical illnesses. So, we aimed to assess the utility of the G10 scoring system among patients presenting for LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis (both acute and chronic cholecystitis) in the clinical setting of a low- and middle-income country...