beta blocker sepsis

SUMMARY: Thyroid storm is a rare and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. We experienced a case of thyroid storm associated with sepsis caused by pneumonia, which had a catastrophic course including recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiple organ failure (MOF). A 22-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of Graves' disease was transferred to our emergency department (ED). She had a cardiac arrest at her home and a second cardiac arrest at the ED. Her heart recovered after 20 min of cardiac resuscitation...

BACKGROUND: Esmolol is a highly selective beta 1 receptor blocker with various effects such as slowing heart rate, lowering blood pressure and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. However, few studies have reported the use of beta blockers in sepsis with multiple organ dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of esmolol on reducing apoptosis and inflammation in early sepsis rats with abdominal infection. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, sepsis group, antibiotic group, Esmolol + antibiotic group with low, median and high dose Esmolol (L group, M group and H group)...

Wilson disease leads to symptomatic impairment of liver function or liver cirrhosis. Strict adherence to decoppering agents is essential in these patients. Secondary prevention of additional hepatic damage by avoidance of other toxic substances (e.g., alcohol, drugs) and sufficient calorie intake is recommended. Routine examinations in cirrhotic patients include screening for signs of portal hypertension (esophagus varices), development of ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Where varices are present, primary or secondary preventive interventions may include treatment with nonselective beta-blockers or variceal ligation, similar to the approach in patients with liver cirrhosis due to other etiologies...

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BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that beta-adrenergic blockers attenuate systemic inflammation and improve survival in sepsis. We investigated whether esmolol can reduce lung injury and modulate inflammatory response in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: A taurocholate-induced SAP was used, with or without continuously intravenous pumping of esmolol (15 mg/kg/h). Heart rate and arterial pressure were monitored. Nine hrs after esmolol administration, blood was drawn for blood gas analyses and cytokine (interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) detections, lungs and pancreata were isolated for measurements of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histological damage...

Sympathetic nervous system activation and catecholamine release are important events following injury and infection. The nature and timing of different pathophysiologic insults have significant effects on adrenergic pathways, inflammatory mediators, and the host response. Beta adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are commonly used for treatment of cardiovascular disease, and recent data suggests that the metabolic and immunomodulatory effects of β-blockers can expand their use. β-blocker therapy can reduce sympathetic activation and hypermetabolism as well as modify glucose homeostasis and cytokine expression...

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle and can result from several different etiologies including ischemic, infectious, metabolic, toxins, autoimmune processes or nutritional deficiencies. Carnitine deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy (CDIM) is an uncommon cause of dilated cardiomyopathy that can go untreated if not considered. Here, we describe a 30-year-old woman with an eating disorder and recent percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG) tube placement for weight loss admitted to the hospital for possible PEG tube infection...

Background Beta-blockers have been recommended for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction for their long-term benefits. However, the tolerance to betablockers in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure should be evaluated. Objective To estimate the proportion of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure who can tolerate these agents in clinical practice and compare the clinical outcomes of patients who can and cannot tolerate treatment with beta-blockers. Setting Two reference hospitals in cardiology...

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle and can result from several different etiologies including ischemic, infectious, metabolic, toxins, autoimmune processes or nutritional deficiencies. Carnitine deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy (CDIM) is an uncommon cause of dilated cardiomyopathy that can go untreated if not considered. Here, we describe a 30-year-old woman with an eating disorder and recent percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG) tube placement for weight loss admitted to the hospital for possible PEG tube infection...

UNLABELLED: The agitation crisis in the awakening phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most difficult behavioral disorders to alleviate. Current treatment options are heterogeneous and may involve excessive sedation. Practice guidelines are required by professionals in charge of TBI patients. Few reviews were published but those are old and based on expert opinions. The purpose of this work is to propose evidence-based guidelines to treat the agitation crisis. METHODS: The elaboration of these guidelines followed the procedure validated by the French health authority for good practice recommendations, close to the Prisma statement...

Beta blockers are some of the most studied drugs in the pharmacopoeia. They are already widely used in medicine for treating hypertension, chronic heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, and tremor. Whilst their use in the immediate perioperative patient has been questioned, the use of esmolol in the patients with established septic shock has been recently reported to have favourable outcomes. In this paper, we review the role of the adrenergic system in sepsis and the evidence for the use of beta stimulation and beta blockers from animal models to critically ill patients...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) during sepsis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but practice patterns and outcomes associated with rate- and rhythm-targeted treatments for AF during sepsis are unclear. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using enhanced billing data from approximately 20% of United States hospitals. We identified factors associated with IV AF treatments (?-blockers [BBs], calcium channel blockers [CCBs], digoxin, or amiodarone) during sepsis...

OBJECTIVE: Recent growing evidence suggests that beta-blocker treatment could improve cardiovascular dynamics and possibly the outcome of patients admitted to intensive care with severe sepsis or septic shock. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and EMBASE healthcare databases. REVIEW METHODS: To investigate this topic, we conducted a systematic review of the above databases up to 31 May 2015. Due to the clinical novelty of the subject, we also included non-randomized clinical studies...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aims to examine and quantify the risks associated with the use of intravenous metoprolol on unmonitored wards. METHOD: This study was a retrospective single-centre observational study from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. The study hospital was a 415-bed, private hospital in Melbourne, Victoria. The study population was all patients who received intravenous metoprolol on an unmonitored ward. The primary outcome measure was the rate of serious adverse events (SAE), defined as a complication of intravenous metoprolol resulting in transfer to a critical-care environment, a medical emergency team call or death...

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal range in severity from mild "hangover" to fatal delirium tremens (DTs). Tremor, hallucinosis, and seizures usually occur within 48 hours of abstinence. Seizures tend to be generalized without focality, occurring singly or in a brief cluster, but status epilepticus is not unusual. DTs usually appears after 48 hours of abstinence and consists of marked inattentiveness, agitation, hallucinations, fluctuating level of alertness, marked tremulousness, and sympathetic overactivity. The mainstay of treatment for alcohol withdrawal is benzodiazepine pharmacotherapy, which can be used to control mild early symptoms, to prevent progression to DTs, or to treat DTs itself...

β-blockers are widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases and in the peri-operative period in selected patients. The main benefit in terms of morbidity and/or mortality of their use is believed to be linked to specific effects on myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance, to anti-arrhythmic effects and anti-inflammatory effects. Use of β-blockers in severe sepsis is still under debate and if any, their appropriate indications remain unclear. In this article, we analyze the recent literature addressing the metabolic, immuno-modulatory and hemodynamic effects of non cardio-selective and of cardio-selective β-blockers in experimental and human sepsis in order to help clarifying the potential place of these drugs in patients with severe sepsis...

AIMS: Endothelin (ET)-1 is the best known potent vasoconstrictor and has been implicated in pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in human or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI in animal models. We have previously shown that ET-1 is highly up-regulated in renal tissues and in plasma after LPS administration. Here, we investigated whether landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, can play an important role in ameliorating levels of LPS-induced up-regulation of renal HIF-1α-ET-1 system and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of endotoxemia...

AIMS: In response to safety concerns from two large randomized controlled trials, we investigated whether the use of telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), ARBs as a class and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) increase the risk of sepsis, sepsis-associated mortality and renal failure in hypertensive patients. METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study from a retrospective cohort of adults with hypertension from the UK General Practice Research Database diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2009...

OBJECTIVE: To compare infant outcomes between mothers with hypertension treated by beta-blockers alone and by methyldopa alone during pregnancy. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Saskatchewan, Canada. POPULATION: Women who delivered a singleton birth in Saskatchewan during the periods from 1 January 1980 to 30 June 1987 or from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2005 (women who delivered between 1 July 1987 and 31 December 1989 were excluded because the information recorded on maternal drug use during pregnancy is incomplete) with a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, and who were dispensed only beta-blockers (n = 416) or only methyldopa (n = 1000)...

The perioperative use of beta-blockers (BBs) with the aim of decreasing perioperative adverse cardiac events has been strongly supported, especially after the publication of two small trial (McSPI and DECREASE I) that showed major benefits. However, some later trials did not confirm these benefits. The POISE trial, with 8351 patients, showed reduced primary outcomes (cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal cardiac arrest) at the expense of significant harm, increasing all-cause and sepsis-related deaths, and doubling the incidence of stroke...