Transgenerational

OBJECTIVE: Although empathy is known to be a strength, recent studies suggest that empathy can be a risk factor for psychopathology under certain conditions in children. This study examines parental mental illness as such a condition. Further, it aims to investigate whether maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) mediates the relationship between empathy and psychopathological symptoms of children. METHODS: Participants were 100 children of parents with a mental illness (55% female) and 87 children of parents without a mental illness (50% female) aged 6 - 16 years and their parents...

An integrative approach is presented to understand the transmission mechanisms of attachment trauma and the quality of the internal working model through manifestations of bodily symptoms concerning physical and mental health. A case of dissociative symptomatology is described in a woman whose ancestors experienced individual and collective trauma related to the political regime. The approach allows for an analytical view beyond the standard complaints of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic symptoms, eating disorders, etc...

Exposure to PM2.5 , a harmful type of air pollution, has been associated with compromised male reproductive health; however, it remains unclear whether such exposure can elicit transgenerational effects on male fertility. Here, we aim to examine the effect of paternal exposure to real-world PM2.5 on the reproductive health of male offspring. We have observed that paternal exposure to real-world PM2.5 can lead to transgenerational primary hypogonadism in a sex-selective manner, and we have also confirmed this phenotype by using an external model...

As awareness of BPA's health risks has increased, many countries and regions have implemented strict controls on its use. Consequently, bisphenol analogues like BPF and BPAF are being increasingly used as substitutes. However, these compounds are also becoming increasingly prevalent in the environment due to production, use and disposal processes. The oceans act as a repository for various pollutants, and recent studies have revealed the extensive presence of bisphenols (BPs, including BPA, BPF, BPAF, etc.) in the marine environment, posing numerous health hazards to marine wildlife...

Transgenerational responses of susceptible calcifying organisms to progressive ocean acidification are an important issue in reducing uncertainty of future predictions. In this study, a two-generation rearing experiment was conducted using mature Mesocentrotus nudus, a major edible sea urchin that occurs along the coasts of northern Japan. Morphological observations and comprehensive gene expression analysis (RNA-seq) of resulting larvae were performed to examine transgenerational acclimation to acidified seawater...

Malaria remains a highly prevalent infectious disease worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Effectively controlling of mosquitoes transmitting of Plasmodium spp. is crucial in to control this disease. A promising strategy involves utilizing plant-derived products, such as the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), known for its secondary metabolites with biological activity against various insect groups of agricultural and public health importance. This study investigated the effects of a nanoformulation prototype Neem on factors linked to the vector competence of Anopheles aquasalis, a malaria vector in Latin America...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. It has a strong hereditary component estimated at 60 to 70% in daughters. It has been suggested that environmental factors during the fetal period may be involved in the development of the syndrome in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms of its transmission remain unknown, thus limiting the development of effective therapeutic strategies.This article highlights how an altered fetal environment (prenatal exposure to high levels of anti-Müllerian hormone) can contribute to the onset of PCOS in adulthood and lead to the transgenerational transmission of neuroendocrine and metabolic traits through alterations in the DNA methylation process...

UNLABELLED: Central TRH, a neuropeptide, is involved in cardiovascular regulation. We demonstrated that the overexpression of diencephalic TRH (dTRH) in SHR rats can be prevented by antisense treatment, normalizing blood pressure (BP). Valproate (VPA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC) which modulates gene expression through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. AIMS: Study the role of HDAC inhibition in the regulation of dTRH gene expression and its effect on the pathogenesis of hypertension...

Dietary variation in males and females can shape the expression of offspring life histories and physiology. However, the relative contributions of maternal and paternal dietary variation to phenotypic expression of latter generations is currently unknown. We provided male and female Drosophila melanogaster grandparents with diets differing in sucrose concentration prior to reproduction, and similarly subjected their grandoffspring to the same treatments. We then investigated the phenotypic consequences of this dietary variation among the grandsons and granddaughters...

Bisphenol S (BPS) is an alternative chemical to bisphenol A commonly used in food packaging materials. It raises concerns due to potential adverse effects on human health. However, limited evidence exists regarding reproductive toxicity from BPS exposure, and the mechanism of associated transgenerational toxicity remains unclear. In this study, pregnant SD rats were exposed to two different doses of BPS (0.05 or 20 mg/kg) from GD6 to PND21. The objective was to investigate reproductive and transmissible toxicity induced by BPS, explore endocrine effects, and uncover potential underlying mechanisms in rats...

Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring. While numerous studies focus on preventive measures targeting the mothers, only a limited number provide practical approaches for addressing the damages once they are already established. We have recently demonstrated the interplay between maternal obesity and treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) on hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic disturbances, however, little is known about this relationship on behavioral manifestations and neurochemical imbalances in other brain regions...

BACKGROUND: Parental mental illness (PMI) is common and places children at high risk of developing psychological disorders. Family Talk (FT) is a well-known, whole-family, 7-session intervention designed to reduce the risk of transgenerational psychopathology. However, very few larger-scale evaluations of FT (across only a limited number of settings) have been conducted to date while there have been no cost analyses. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and costs of delivering FT in improving child and family psychosocial functioning in families with PMI within routine mental health settings...

Crop production is increasingly threatened by the escalating weather events and rising temperatures associated with global climate change. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms, including stress memory, to cope with abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity. Stress memory involves priming, where plants remember prior stress exposures, providing enhanced responses to subsequent stress events. Stress memory can manifest as somatic, intergenerational, or transgenerational memory, persisting for different durations...

Plastics pose a hazard to the environment. Although plastics have toxicity, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are capable of interacting with the rest pollutants in the environment, so they serve as the carriers and interact with organic pollutants to modulate their toxicity, thus resulting in unpredictable ecological risks. PS-NPs and TDCIPP were used expose from 2h post-fertilization (hpf) to 150 days post-fertilization (dpf) to determine the bioaccumulation of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and its potential effects on neurodevelopment in F1 zebrafish (Danio rerio) offspring under the action of polystyrene nano plastics (PS-NPs)...

With the increasing use of triazole fungicides in agriculture, triazole pesticides have aroused great concern about their toxicity and ecological risk. The current study investigated the impairments of embryonic exposure to fenbuconazole (FBZ) on cardiac transgenerational toxicity and related mechanisms. The fertilized eggs were exposed to 5, 50 and 500 ng/L FBZ for 72 h, and the larvae were then raised to adulthood in clean water. The adult fish were mated with unexposed fish to produce maternal and paternal F1 and F2 embryos, respectively...

Bisphenol AF (BPAF), an analogue of bisphenol A (BPA), is commonly found in manufacturing industries and known for its endocrine-disrupting properties. Despite potential similarities in adverse effects with BPA, limited toxicological data exist specifically for BPAF and its impact on male reproductive physiology. This mini-review aims to elucidate the influence of BPAF on the male reproductive system, focusing on estrogenic effects, effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and transgenerational reproductive toxicity...

Fish have common neurotransmitter pathways with humans, exhibiting a significant degree of conservation and homology. Thus, exposure to fluoxetine makes fish potentially susceptible to biochemical and physiological changes, similarly to what is observed in humans. Over the years, several studies demonstrated the potential effects of fluoxetine on different fish species and at different levels of biological organization. However, the effects of parental exposure to unexposed offspring remain largely unknown...

Arsenic (As) is widely present in the natural environment, and exposure to it can lead to learning and memory impairment. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are still largely unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of histone modifications in environmental levels of arsenic (sodium arsenite) exposure-induced learning and memory dysfunction in male rats, and the inter/transgenerational effects of paternal arsenic exposure were also investigated. It was found that arsenic exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of F0 rats and down-regulated the expression of cognition-related genes Bdnf , c-Fos , mGlur1 , Nmdar1 , and Gria2 in the hippocampus...

The host-microbiota relationship has evolved to shape mammalian physiology, including immunity, metabolism, and development. Germ-free models are widely used to study microbial effects on host processes such as immunity. Here, we find that both germ-free and T cell-deficient mice exhibit a robust sebum secretion defect persisting across multiple generations despite microbial colonization and T cell repletion. These phenotypes are inherited by progeny conceived during in vitro fertilization using germ-free sperm and eggs, demonstrating that non-genetic information in the gametes is required for microbial-dependent phenotypic transmission...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It has been associated with metabolic, reproductive, and psychiatric disorders. Despite its association with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the association between PCOS and CVD outcomes has been conflicting. This review reports the updated evidence between PCOS, insulin resistance, and CVD events. RECENT FINDINGS: IR is highly prevalent occurring in 50 to 95% of general and obese PCOS women...