Resistance exercise induced vasodilation

We examined whether a countdown (CD) before voluntary cycling exercise induced prospective vascular adjustment for the exercise and, if so, whether and how muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was involved in the responses. Young men performed voluntary cycling in a semi-recumbent position (n=14) while middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (VMCA ; Doppler ultrasonography), heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (AP; finger photoplethysmography), oxygen consumption rate (VO2 ), oxygen saturation in the thigh muscle (StO2 ; near-infrared spectrometry), cardiac output (CO; Modelflow method) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured (Exp1)...

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? A bout of exercise increases subsequent insulin-stimulated vasodilation; however, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. A potential role for Angiotensin-(1-7), a vasoactive peptide of the Renin-Angiotensin System, in this effect has not been previously reported. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that Angiotensin-(1-7) through Mas receptor participates in enhanced insulin-induced vasorelaxation after exercise in healthy rats...

Blood flow changes in response to exercise have been attributed, among other factors, to the effect of vasodilators factors on the microvasculature, suggesting a close relationship between small blood vessels and conducting arteries. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the changes in near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived total haemoglobin ([tHb]) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2 ) signals and femoral artery blood flow in response to resistance exercise at fast- and slow-velocity muscle contraction...

PURPOSE: Children thermoregulate effectively during exercise despite sweating rate being consistently lower when compared with adults. The skin blood flow (SkBF) response of children to exercise is inconsistent, when compared with adults. We examined the SkBF response to exercise in children and adults, along with the potential contribution of nitric oxide to the SkBF response. METHODS: Forearm SkBF during cycling (30 min at 60% [Formula: see text]O2max ) was investigated in 12 boys (10 ± 1 years) and 12 men (22 ± 2 years) using laser-Doppler flowmetry and Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) iontophoresis to inhibit nitric oxide synthase...

A cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) test was administered to 113 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) soldiers (age 25.6 ± 6 yrs) during pre-deployment to a Canadian Arctic training exercise. The incidence and rates/types of subsequent peripheral cold injuries, as well as the relationship of CIVD responses against other hypothesized/reported risk factors (smoking, gender, age, ethnicity and prior cold injury), were analyzed. Although there was a wide range of CIVD RIF (resistance index to frostbite) scores (mean = 5...

Objectives: Seven-day intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extract affected exercise-induced cardiovascular responses by vasodilation. It is not known whether daily intake of NZBC extract is required for effectiveness. Effects of daily and intermittent NZBC extract intake on cardiovascular responses were examined during brisk walking. Methods: Fifteen healthy men (mean ± SD age: 24 ± 6 yr, body mass: 79 ± 16 kg, height: 178 ± 6 cm, BMI: 24...

It has been reported that sustained post-exercise vasodilation may be linked to exercise-induced angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate whether mild hypobaric hypoxia enhances the post-exercise reduction in systemic vascular resistance in young male runners. Seven male intercollegiate runners (aged 19-21 years) performed maximal incremental treadmill running under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia (corresponding to 2,200 m above sea level, hereinafter referred to as HH) and normobaric normoxia (corresponding to sea level, hereinafter referred to as NN)...

Exercise capacity is frequently reduced in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the contribution of pulmonary microvascular dysfunction remains undefined. We hypothesized that pulmonary microvascular disease, measured by a novel exercise echocardiography technique termed pulmonary transit of agitated contrast (PTAC), would be greater in subjects with DM and that the use of pulmonary vasodilator agent sildenafil would improve exercise performance by reducing right ventricular afterload. Forty subjects with DM and 20 matched controls performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing and semisupine exercise echocardiography 1 h after placebo or sildenafil ingestion in a double-blind randomized crossover design...

Increased blood flow via vasodilation, metabolite production, and venous pooling contribute to the hyperemia and cellular swelling experienced during resistance training. It has been suggested that these effects play a role in hypertrophic adaptations. Over the past 2 decades, sport supplement products have been marketed to promote exercise hyperemia and intracellular fluid storage, thereby enhancing hypertrophy via acute swelling of myocytes. The three main classes of supplements hypothesized to promote exercise-induced hyperemia include vasodilators, such as nitric oxide precursor supplements; anaerobic energy system ergogenic aids that increase metabolite production, such as β-alanine and creatine; and organic osmolytes, such as creatine and betaine...

Current research indicates that vasomotor responses are altered with aging in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. The changes in vasomotor function are characterized by impaired vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses. The detrimental effects of aging on vasomotor function are attenuated in some vascular beds after a program of endurance exercise training. The signals associated with exercise responsible for inducing improvements in vasomotor function have been proposed to involve short-duration increases in intraluminal shear stress and/or pressure during individual bouts of exercise...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with atherosclerosis, but the effects of exercise on ER stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis is not yet fully understood. We assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated mesenteric arteries from wild type (WT), WT with exercise (WT-EX), ApoE knockout (ApoE KO), and ApoE KO mice with exercise (ApoE KO-EX). Vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was elicited in the presence of inhibitors of ER stress, eNOS, caspase-1, and UCP-2 (Tudca, L-NAME, AC-YVARD-cmk, and Genipin, respectively) and the ER stress inducer (Tunicamycin)...

INTRODUCTION: Optimal vascular function is a hallmark of cardiovascular health. Specifically, the balance of vasoconstricting and vasodilating substances is recognized as a marker of vascular health. One of the greatest challenges to vascular health and vasodilatory balance is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-mediated inflammation. Uncovering effective strategies that maintain a vascular environment that is more vasodilatory and antithrombotic in the face of an inflammatory challenge is favorable...

PURPOSE: Exercise elicits early adaptation of coronary vessels enabling the coronary circulation to respond adequately to higher flow demands. We hypothesized that short-term daily exercise induces biomechanical and functional remodeling of the coronary resistance arteries related to pressure. METHODS: Male rats were subjected to a progressively increasing 4-week treadmill exercise program (over 60 min/day, 1 mph in the final step). In vitro pressure-diameter measurements were performed on coronary segments (119 ± 5 μm in diameter at 50 mm Hg) with microarteriography...

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Regular physical activity has independent protective effects on the cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms responsible remain elusive. Recent studies suggest that the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) participates in the response to exercise training. We hypothesized that the arterioles of athletes maintain dilation to flow despite combined inhibition of multiple vasodilators, but loss of PGC-1α renders these vessels susceptible to inhibition of a single vasodilator pathway...

Although endothelin (ET)-1 is a highly potent vasoconstrictor with considerable efficacy in numerous vascular beds, the role of endogenous ET-1 in the regulation of vascular tone remains unclear. The perspective that ET-1 plays little role in the on-going regulation of vascular tone at least under physiologic conditions is supported by findings that potential ET-1 constriction is minimized by the release of the vasodilator and ET-1 synthesis inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO). Indeed, ET-1 release and constriction is self-limited by ET-1-induced, endothelial ETB receptor-mediated release of NO...

When oxygen delivery to active muscle is insufficient to meet the metabolic demand during exercise, metabolites accumulate and stimulate skeletal muscle afferents, inducing a reflex increase in blood pressure, termed the muscle metaboreflex. In healthy individuals, muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) during submaximal exercise increases arterial pressure primarily via an increase in cardiac output (CO), as little peripheral vasoconstriction occurs. This increase in CO partially restores blood flow to ischemic muscle...

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise training (ET) and caloric restriction (CR) are the frontline strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the aim at reducing cardiometabolic risk. ET and CR improve body weight and glycemic control, and experimental studies indicate that these paradigms afford cardioprotection. In this study, the effects of combined ET and CR on the cardioprotective oxytocin (OT)-natriuretic peptide (NP) system were determined in the db/db mouse, a model of type 2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and obesity...

BACKGROUND: Muscle damage induced by an acute bout of eccentric exercise results in transient arterial stiffening. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of progressive eccentric resistance exercise training on vascular functions, and whether herb supplementation would enhance training adaptation by ameliorating the arterial stiffening effects. METHODS: By using a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled design, older adults were randomly assigned to either the Panax ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza supplementation group (N=12) or the placebo group (N=11)...

Physical activity has profound benefits on health, especially on cardiometabolic wellness. Experiments in rodents with trained exercise have shown that exercise improves vascular function and reduces vascular inflammation by modulating the balance between nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress. However, the upstream regulator of exercise-induced vascular benefits is unclear. We aimed to investigate the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in exercise-induced vascular functional improvement...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications. Impairment of glycemic control induces noxious glycations, an increase in oxydative stress and dearangement of various metabolic pathways. DM leads to dysfunction of micro- and macrovessels, connected to metabolic, endothelial and autonomic nervous system. Thus, assessing vascular reactivity might be one of the clinical tools to evaluate the impact of harmful effects of DM and potential benefit of treatment; skin and skeletal muscle microcirculation have usually been tested...