child health

The consumption of pornography over the Internet by minors has been increasing exponentially in recent years. The use of digital technologies and the ease of access to these contents are causes that explain this event. Simultaneously, there is concern about the increase in sexual violence, associated with discriminatory behavior, despite the efforts of laws and programs that promote sexual reproductive health (SRH) and the principle of equality. From a bioethical point of view, it is urgent to address this issue, which affects the physical and psychological health of minors and their affective-sexual education...

In this study, we examined the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A total of 4649 AYAs with BPD and 46,490 age-, sex-, and socioeconomic-matched controls without BPD were enrolled from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2001 to 2009 and were followed up until the end of 2011. Participants who contracted any STI during the follow-up period were identified. Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the risk of contracting any STI among both patients and controls...

Preterm labor, a condition associated with various risk factors such as a history of prior preterm birth (PTB) and multiple pregnancies, has recently seen an increasing focus on its potential link with dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia in expectant mothers and the risks of PTB. We studied 6963 mothers who gave birth at the International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in 2020, among which, 437 women had PTB...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition remains a global problem and is increasing with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Madagascar, half of the children under five years of age suffer from stunting. However, since 2006, vitamin A supplementation campaigns, deworming and free vaccinations have been implemented within the framework of the Mother and Child Health Week (MCHW) to strengthen the fight against micronutrient deficiencies and reduce mortality. On the other hand, rice, the staple food of the Malagasy population, can provide some of the micronutrients necessary for good nutrition...

BACKGROUND: To investigate factors associated with different reproductive outcomes in patients with Caesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs). METHODS: Between May 2017 and July 2022, 549 patients underwent ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration and laparoscopic scar repair at the Gynaecology Department of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration was performed in patients with type I and II CSPs, and laparoscopic scar repair was performed in patients with type III CSP...

BACKGROUND: The newly developed malaria vaccine called "R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine" showed a high safety and efficacy level, and Ghana is the first country to approve this new vaccine. The present study aimed to evaluate the rate of vaccine hesitancy (VH) towards the newly developed malaria vaccine among parents who currently have children who are not eligible for the vaccine but may be eligible in the near future. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the factors that could potentially influence VH...

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts allow children with hydrocephalus to survive and avoid brain injury (J Neurosurg 107:345-57, 2007; Childs Nerv Syst 12:192-9, 1996). The Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network implemented non-randomized quality improvement protocols that were shown to decrease infection rates compared to pre-operative prophylactic intravenous antibiotics alone (standard care): initially with intrathecal (IT) antibiotics between 2007-2009 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 8:22-9, 2011), followed by antibiotic impregnated catheters (AIC) in 2012-2013 (J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:391-6, 2016)...

OBJECTIVE: This guideline provides an update on the care of pregnant women living with HIV and the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. This guideline is a revision of the previous guideline, No. 310 Guidelines for the Care of Pregnant Women Living With HIV and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission, and includes an updated review of the literature with contemporary recommendations. TARGET POPULATION: Pregnant women newly diagnosed with HIV during antenatal screening and women living with HIV who become pregnant...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial diversity could contribute to the diversity of tuberculosis infection and treatment outcomes observed clinically, but the biological basis of this association is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify associations between phenogenomic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculosis clinical features. METHODS: We developed a high-throughput platform to define phenotype-genotype relationships in M tuberculosis clinical isolates, which we tested on a set of 158 drug-sensitive M tuberculosis strains sampled from a large tuberculosis clinical study in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam...

Following the authorization the use of COVID-19 vaccines in babies age six months through children four years old in the United States, some individuals (parents, pediatricians, and communicators) framed COVID-19 vaccination as an issue of access, while many others expressed hesitancy and some resisted recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this context, this study aimed to explore: 1) divergent reactions to the authorization of COVID-19 vaccine use in children aged six months to four years; and 2) opposing logics underlying attitudes towards pro-vaccination, anti-vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines...

BACKGROUND: Childhood neglect, a prevalent form of child abuse, has significant short-term and long-term consequences on mental health. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of existing evidence on childhood neglect in relation to emotion regulation in adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants were not individually evaluated but we provided future directions for research based on the overview of studies. METHODS: A systematic search strategy was conducted, resulting in the analysis of 25 selected articles...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project was to determine how a virtual educational intervention on Child Passenger Safety (CPS) impacts post-intervention knowledge and self-efficacy levels. METHODS: The intervention included watching a video related to CPS and completing a virtual car seat check with a certified Child Passenger Safety Technician (CPST). A quantitative pre- and post-test project design was utilized. Self-efficacy was measured using a confidence assessment and knowledge level was measured with a comprehension test...

Chinese children are exposed to broad environmental risks ranging from well-known hazards, such as pesticides and heavy metals, to emerging threats including many new man-made chemicals. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that the exposure levels in Chinese children are substantially higher than those of children in developed countries, a systematic assessment is lacking. Further, while these exposures have been linked to a variety of childhood diseases, such as respiratory, endocrine, neurological, behavioral, and malignant disorders, the magnitude of the associations is often unclear...

BACKGROUND: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates during pregnancy may disrupt fetal developmental programming and influence early-life growth. We hypothesized that prenatal bisphenol and phthalate exposure was associated with alterations in adiposity through 4 years. This associations might change over time. METHODS: Among 1091 mother-child pairs in a New York City birth cohort study, we measured maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols and phthalates at three time points in pregnancy and child weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore how moral accountability is navigated when clinicians talk about parental behaviors to support the health of the hospitalized child. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of 74 conversations during daily rounds video recorded as part of a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to advance family-centered rounds in one children's hospital. Conversations involving children under the age 18 who were cared for by a pediatric hospitalist service, pulmonary service, or hematology/oncology service were recorded...

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) imposes significant costs on state and local governments. Medicaid expansion may lead to a reduction in the cost burden of OUD to the state. METHODS: We estimated the health care, criminal justice and child welfare costs, and tax revenue losses, attributable to OUD and borne by the state of North Carolina in 2022, and then estimated changes in the same domains following Medicaid expansion in North Carolina (adopted in December 2023)...

OBJECTIVES: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is one of the most catastrophic forms of genetic heterotopic ossification (HO). FOP is characterized by severe, progressive inflammatory flare-ups, that often lead to HO. The flare-ups are associated with increased inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting auto-inflammatory features driven by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This study describes the short- and long-term responses of FOP patients to anti-IL-1 therapy. METHODS: Previously, we reported that a patient with FOP treated with anti-IL-1 agents showed dramatically lower rates of flare-ups, improved flare-up symptoms, decreased use of glucocorticoids, and apparently decreased size of residual lesions...

We face increasing demand for greater access to effective routine mental health services, including telehealth. However, treatment outcomes in routine clinical practice are only about half the size of those reported in controlled trials. Progress feedback, defined as the ongoing monitoring of patients' treatment response with standardized measures, is an evidence-based practice that continues to be under-utilized in routine care. The aim of the current review is to provide a summary of the current evidence base for the use of progress feedback, its mechanisms of action and considerations for successful implementation...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital syphilis (CS) is preventable through timely antenatal care (ANC), syphilis screening and treatment among pregnant women. Robust CS surveillance can identify gaps in this prevention cascade. We reviewed CS cases reported to the South African notifiable medical conditions surveillance system (NMCSS) from January 2020 to June 2022. METHODS: CS cases are reported using a case notification form (CNF) containing limited infant demographic and clinical characteristics...

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although numerous systematic reviews have been published regarding the association between breastfeeding and early childhood caries (ECC), the results remain inconclusive and equivocal. This systematic review synthesises the evidence on the association between breastfeeding and ECC. Five electronic databases and backward citation chasing were performed from inception until May 2023. A total of 31 studies (22 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies) were included in this review...