Allergic Rhinits

Thaumatin is a sweetener and flavor modifier commonly used in the food industry. Likewise, gum arabic is widely used as a food stabilizer and thickening agent. We report here that a powder mixture composed of 10% thaumatin and 90% gum arabic led to allergic symptoms in the upper airways in occupationally exposed individuals: four of eight workers of a chewing gum factory exposed to this powder mixture had pronounced rhinitis. A positive skin prick test result for pure thaumatin was obtained in all four individuals with rhinitis of whom two also had a positive skin prick test result for pure gum arabic and gum arabic-specific IgE...

BACKGROUND: Although studies have reported an association between air pollutants and increased allergic airway diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A limited number of studies have suggested that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) play a role in atopy and the pathogenesis of allergic upper airway diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEP on inflammatory cytokine release, and mRNA expression of transcription factors such as JNK and NF-β in primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs), in vitro...

Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is known to exacerbate allergic inflammation, including virus-induced eosinophil activation in laboratory animals. We have previously shown that in human volunteers with allergic rhinitis a short-term exposure to DE prior to infection with the live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) increases markers of allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Specifically, levels of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were significantly enhanced in individuals exposed to DE prior to inoculation with LAIV and this effect was maintained for at least seven days...

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease that reduces athletic performance. Environmental allergen exposure is higher in outdoor sports (such as orienteering) than indoor sports. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the AR frequency in orienteers comparing with indoor athletes. METHODS: Sixty adolescent athletes (33 orienteers, 27 basketball players) enrolled this prospective study. AR diagnosis was made by both history (ISAAC questionnaire) and physical examination...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemic features of childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) and correlative risk factors in Yinchuan. METHOD: A questionnaire survey on AR was conducted among 800 children in eight communities, aged from 5 to 14 years old, by random cluster sampling, from March 2012 to March 2013 in Yinchuan. Suspects of AR, as identified by the survey, were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis. The results were statistically analyzed...

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are common in children and are often associated with each other. Recent studies have shown improvement of respiratory symptoms and reduction in the adenoid volume after anti-allergic medical therapy (intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines). The aim of our retrospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adenoidectomy on respiratory symptoms in pediatric patients with AR. We recruited 404 pediatric patients with AR, and we divided them into 4 groups (1...

RATIONALE: Increases in airway smooth muscle, extracellular matrix, and vascularity are prominent features of airway remodeling in asthma, whereas the extent of such remodeling in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that upper airway remodeling is a feature of PAR. METHODS: Total nasal symptoms scores, nasal biopsies, and Th1 and Th2 cytokines from nasal lavage were assessed in subjects with severe PAR (n = 46) and healthy control subjects (n = 19)...

AIM: Forced expiratory flow between 25%and75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%), a spirometric measure of small airways, may predict the presence of airway responsiveness both in asthmatics and in allergic rhinitics. We aimed to search the correlation between FEF25-75% and standard measures of spirometry (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC) in different clinical conditions, that is in children with asthma, in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis, in children with allergic rhinitis and in healthy children METHODS: Children with asthma(n=116), asthma plus allergic rhinitis(n=25), allergic rhinitis(n=75) and healthy controls(n=52) were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that exposure to traffic-derived pollution worsens respiratory symptoms in asthmatics, but controlled human exposure studies have failed to provide a mechanism for this effect. Here we investigated whether diesel exhaust (DE) would induce apoptosis or proliferation in the bronchial epithelium in vivo and thus contribute to respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Moderate (n = 16) and mild (n = 16) asthmatics, atopic non-asthmatic controls (rhinitics) (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 21) were exposed to filtered air or DE (100 μg/m(3)) for 2 h, on two separate occasions...

BACKGROUND: The precise way in which allergen is handled by the nose is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine recovery of Der p 1 allergen following nasal administration and to determine whether Der p 1 can be detected in nasal biopsies after natural exposure and nasal challenge to allergen. METHODS: (1) 20 nonatopic non-rhinitics were challenged with Der p 1 and recovery was measured by ELISA in the nasal wash, nasal mucus and induced sputum up to 30 minutes...

BACKGROUND: Disease stratification, using phenotypic characterization performed either by hypothesis- or data-driven methods, was developed to improve clinical decisions. However, cluster analysis has not been used for allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To define clusters in allergic rhinitis and to compare them with ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma), a hypothesis-driven approach. METHODS: A French observational prospective multicenter study (EVEIL: Echelle visuelle analogique dans la rhinite allergique) was carried out on 990 patients consulting general practitioners for allergic rhinitis and treated as per clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to measure eotaxin-3 (CCL26) and eotaxin-2 (CCL24) in nasal lavage fluid of patients with different forms of chronic sinonasal eosinophilic inflammation to evaluate their role in the pathophysiology of nasal hypereosinophilia. METHODS: The study was an analytic cross-section study, level of evidence 3b. Patients (n = 80) with nasal hypereosinophilia were randomly recruited and grouped in the following categories: persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) (n = 25), nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) (n = 30), and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 25)...

Studies on dental units (DUs) are conducted either for the prevention or the reduction of the density of bacterial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). However, the existence of fungi in the these systems requires more attention. During dental treatment, direct contact with water contaminated with fungi such as Candida, Aspergillus, or inhalation of aerosols from high-speed drill may cause various respiratory infections, such as asthma, allergies, and wounds on mucose membranes, especially on immunocompromised patients and dentists...

BACKGROUND: Th2-type T cell response has a considerable role in atopic diseases. The involvement of Th17 and IL-17 in atopy process provided new understanding of allergic diseases. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is quite common in allergic rhinitis. We aimed to explore the expression of IL-17 producing CD3+ CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of rhinitic patients, with/without bronchial hyperresponsiveness and sensitized to common allergens, as this relationship has not been examined. METHODS: Sixty one patients with allergic rhinitis and thirty controls were examined...

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of allergic rhinitis that occurs in elite athletes has been extensively investigated. However, data among recreational athletes practicing indoor activities remain contradictory. The aim of the present study was to determine whether taking part in gym based sporting activities constitutes a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in recreational athletes. METHODS: A group of 50 recreational athletes was examined. A specific questionnaire for the screening of allergic rhinitis and a battery of skin prick-tests to aeroallergens were administered to each participant...

A double-blind randomised trail design was used to address the effect of ambient ozone on the nasal airways and to evaluate the effects of ozone on allergic mucosa. Ten grass pollen allergic rhinitics were exposed for 2 hours at rest on 2 separate occasions to 400 ppb ozone and filtered air respectively. The exposure to 400 ppb ozone and filtered air was performed prior to the grass pollen season and again during the season. Baseline nasal lavage in which histamine, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total proteins, and albumin were measured and neutrophils, eosinophils and epithelial cells were counted, was made immediately prior to exposure (-120 min)...

The term rhinitis implies inflammation of the lining of the nose. Characteristic symptoms are a blocked nose, anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching. Not all cases of chronic rhinitis have an allergic basis. Chronic non-allergic rhinitis is defined as a condition where ongoing rhinitic symptoms are present for many months (as for persistent allergic rhinitis) but there is no IgE basis. Many common conditions may present as chronic rhinitis, which will need to be investigated and managed on their own merits...

CONTEXT: Proximity to traffic, particularly to diesel-powered vehicles, has been associated with inducing and enhancing allergies. To investigate the basis for this association, we performed controlled exposures of allergic rhinitics to diesel exhaust (DE) at a dose known to be pro-inflammatory in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that diesel-exhaust exposure would augment lower airway inflammation in allergic rhinitics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen allergic rhinitics were exposed in a double-blinded, randomized trial to DE (100 μg/m³ PM₁₀) and filtered air for 2 h on separate occasions...

Since its description by Noon in 1911, desensitization or allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been largely given by sub cutaneous injection in the treatment of allergic diseases. It remains the only treatment for allergic diseases aimed at the etiology. The development of sublingual route as an alternative to sub cutaneous injection, and of new forms of medication, has led to large-scale clinical trials, many of them performed with allergen tablets, particularly in the field of pollen allergy. These studies have confirmed that SIT is efficient in reducing allergic respiratory symptoms...

Since its description by noon in 1911, desensitization, or allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT), has been largely used in respiratory allergic diseases treatment. It remains the only etiologic treatment for allergic diseases. The development of the sublingual route and new forms of medication, as an alternative to subcutaneous injection, has led to large scale clinical trials. Many of them had been performed with allergen tablets, particularly in the field of pollen allergy. These studies have confirmed that SIT is efficient in reducing all respiratory allergic symptoms...