serum electrolytes

The kidney carries out a variety of physiological processes, including the excretion of nitrogenous waste products, maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, acid-base, and mineral homeostasis, regulation of blood pressure, as well as the synthesis and release of erythropoietin and other endocrine substances. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. CKD has a long period of asymptomatic stage. The symptoms of CKD usually present at the advanced stage of the disease...

In cardiovascular homeostasis thyroid hormone plays an important role. We planned to study the changes in thyroid hormone profile in acute coronary syndrome patients admitted in the coronary care unit and compare them between two groups: unstable angina/non-ST elevated Myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) and ST elevated Myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted from 01 March 2018 to 01 February 2019 in Coronary Care Unit of Bangladesh Medical College Hospital and laboratory tests were done in Microbiology Department of Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh...

Stroke is the common cause of death and disability worldwide, as well as in Bangladesh. Serum electrolytes abnormalities or dyselectrolytaemia is one of the major acute complications of stroke. Dyselectrolytaemia or serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) abnormalities are more common in patients with acute stroke that can be easily measured. The study was planned to find out the serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) abnormalities in acute stroke patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020...

BACKGROUND: Electrolyte disturbances are highly heterogeneous and severely affect the prognosis of critically ill patients. Our study was to determine whether data-driven phenotypes of seven electrolytes have prognostic relevance in critically ill patients. METHODS: We extracted patient information from three large independent public databases, and clustered the electrolyte distribution of ICU patients based on the extreme value, median value and coefficient of variation of electrolytes...

Objective: To investigate the early clinical characteristics of elderly patients with severe burns and the risk factors on prognosis. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 124 elderly patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the 12 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, including 4 patients from the Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, 5 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 22 patients from Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 5 patients from Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 27 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 9 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 10 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 9 patients from Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, 12 patients from the 924th Hospital of PLA, 6 patients from Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 4 patients from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and 11 patients from Zhengzhou First People's Hospital...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effects on acid base, electrolyte status and urine output of a single fluid bolus of saline to that of the balanced solution Plasmalyte® in critically ill patients. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to the ICU receiving a fluid bolus were randomized to receive 1 L of saline (NaCl 0.9%, Baxter) or a balanced fluid [Plasmalyte® (Baxter)]. Blood samples and urine output were collected just before (T0), just after (T1), 2 h after (T2) (only for urinary output) and three hours after termination of the fluid bolus (T4)...

OBJECTIVES: High protein parenteral nutrition (HPPN) in the early postnatal period is a recommended strategy for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. However, limited data is available on electrolyte changes when HPPN strategy is utilized. We investigated the impact of HPPN on the development of hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia in preterm VLBW newborns. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study investigated the levels of phosphate and potassium in VLBW infants who received HPPN (amino acids intake up to 3...

BACKGROUND: The benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in treating animals with heat stroke (HS) have been established. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the effect of HBO on multiple organ dysfunction following HS in humans. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from patients with HS admitted to our hospital in the past 7 years. Patients were categorized into groups based on whether they received HBO therapy. The study compared various factors, including sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) scores, mortality rates, neurological function scores, serum myocardial enzyme levels, liver, kidney, and coagulation function indicators, blood routine results, electrolyte levels, and modified Barthel index (MBI) score for standard daily living ability before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of fasting in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with stable CKD during Ramadan. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted at three secondary and tertiary care hospitals of Karachi during the month of Ramadan from 25th March to 7th May 2022. Patients who met the eligibility criteria were assessed pre-Ramadan, and their baseline blood pressure, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were documented and tracked over the course of Ramadan and up to one week post-Ramadan...

INTRODUCTION: The manual single lumen alternating micro-batch hemodiafiltration (mSLAMB) system is a closed-loop dialysis system designed to provide kidney support in emergency situations (e.g., fluid overload, hyperkalemia, acidemia). If done repeatedly in small batches and at high flow rates, this system was found to achieve clearance levels comparable to traditional renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS: Using a porcine model, uremic toxins and exogenous fluorescent tracer concentrations were successfully lowered within just 1 hour of treatment...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: The purpose of this therapeutic update is to provide pharmacists with a general overview of the pathophysiology of hyperchloremia and describe strategies to help prevent development of this electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients...

The most recent advancements in cancer therapy center on efficiently and conveniently enhancing a patient's natural immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target cytotoxic thymus (T) lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and its receptor. They function by stimulating T-cell activity against malignancies. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a distinct class of inflammatory side effects that are specific to a given organ. Antineoplastic medications can impact any part of the kidney, leading to the development of proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, glomerulonephritis, and both acute and chronic interstitial nephritis...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently used medications to treat a wide variety of gastrointestinal conditions. By irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump, they remarkably reduce gastric acid secretion. However, chronic PPI intake can result in serious complications, including severe hypomagnesemia. The following case report presents a severe case of refractory PPI-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH), resistant to continuous oral and intravenous magnesium replacement, in a 70-year-old male patient, with a long history of PPI use due to persistent epigastric pain...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a viral infection mediated by coronavirus-2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The disease may affect biochemical parameters and electrolytes. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX-I) is released during mature bone resorption and is a biomarker for predicting bone resorption. OBJECTIVES: As the pandemic progressed, understanding the effects of COVID-19 disease remained critical. Inflammatory responses triggered by the virus can result in a bone metabolism regulation imbalance...

Farmgate balances are used as a tool for monitoring nutrient surpluses at farm level. In Germany, preparation of farmgate balances is legally mandatory and also requires data on chemical body composition, especially concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), of farm animals. It is well known that increased N and P efficiency results in lowered N and P excretions with the manure and therefore mitigates negative consequences of high N and P release into the environment (e.g. eutrophication of surface waters), especially in areas with high livestock density...

Unilateral nephrectomy, a procedure reducing kidney mass, triggers a compensatory response in the remaining kidney, increasing its size and function to maintain a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Recent research has highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in renal physiology and disease, although their involvement in unilateral nephrectomy has been underexplored. In this study, unilateral nephrectomy was performed on young mice, and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) characterization and cargo were analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: Uncarboxylated osteocalcin is an important osteocalcin enzyme found in the bloodstream and is a crucial protein for maintaining calcium binding in bones, controlling blood sugar levels, and balancing body minerals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Due to the lack of data, the current study intends to investigate the relationship between uncarboxylated osteocalcin levels and DM-II in Saudi patients. For 138 patients, case-control research was conducted in 2021-2023, with 69 type II diabetes mellitus patients and 69 matching healthy control participants...

Pediatric hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon endocrine disease that can be either isolated or syndromic. It occurs when the secretion of parathormone is insufficient to maintain normal levels of ionized calcium. Patients with hypoparathyroidism can exhibit cerebral calcifications and metabolic disorders, and the severity of such features is inversely correlated with hypocalcemia. We report a case of a 13-year-old patient who was initially diagnosed with epilepsy by another medical team two years before her admission to our hospital and who was subjected to oral valproate therapy...

Heat therapy, including saunas, jacuzzi, and hot tub bathing, has gained global popularity. However, the escalating incidents of injuries and fatalities associated with hot tub activities are a significant public health concern. This study aims to comprehensively review and analyze the pathophysiological factors contributing to hot tub-related deaths, addressing the need for awareness and mitigation strategies. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed and Science Direct, was conducted to identify articles relevant to bath-related deaths...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmic condition resulting in increased stroke risk and is associated with high mortality. Electrolyte imbalance can increase the risk of AF, where the relationship between AF and serum electrolytes remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 15,792 individuals were included in the observational study, with incident AF ascertainment in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. The Cox regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AF based on different serum electrolyte levels...