keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536820/changes-in-sars-cov-2-viral-load-and-titers-over-time-in-sars-cov-2-infected-human-corpses
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sayaka Nagasawa, Yuichiro Hirata, Sho Miyamoto, Seiya Ozono, Shun Iida, Harutaka Katano, Shigeki Tsuneya, Kei Kira, Susumu Kobayashi, Makoto Nakajima, Hiroyuki Abe, Masako Ikemura, Isao Yamamoto, Kimiko Nakagawa, Kazumi Kubota, Shinji Akitomi, Iwao Hasegawa, Tetsuo Ushiku, Tadaki Suzuki, Hirotaro Iwase, Yohsuke Makino, Hisako Saitoh
High viral titers of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been detected in human corpses long after death. However, little is known about the kinetics of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in corpses. In this case series study, we investigated the postmortem kinetics of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in human corpses by collecting nasopharyngeal swab samples at multiple time points from six SARS-CoV-2-infected patients after their death. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from all six deceased patients...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536627/fatal-intoxications-with-zopiclone-a-cause-for-concern
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lova Tralla, Sara Gustavsson, Carl Söderberg, Anna K Jönsson, Fredrik C Kugelberg
INTRODUCTION: Zopiclone, a controlled substance prescribed for insomnia, has become a common toxicological finding in forensic autopsy cases. This study investigated the role and extent of zopiclone use in fatal intoxications in Sweden. METHODS: All forensic autopsy cases positive for zopiclone in femoral blood during 2012-2020 were selected. Among these cases, fatalities caused by intoxication according to the cause of death certificates issued by the forensic pathologist were identified...
March 27, 2024: Drug Safety: An International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535140/development-of-a-micro-ct-scanner-with-dual-energy-option-and-endovascular-contrast-agent-administration-protocol-for-fetal-and-neonatal-virtual-autopsy
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Zboray, Wolf Schweitzer, Lars Ebert, Martin Wolf, Sabino Guglielmini, Stefan Haemmerle, Stephan Weiss, Bruno Koller
The rate of parental consent for fetal and perinatal autopsy is decreasing, whereas parents are more likely to agree to virtual autopsy by non-invasive imaging methods. Fetal and perinatal virtual autopsy needs high-resolution and good soft-tissue contrast for investigation of the cause of death and underlying trauma or pathology in fetuses and stillborn infants. This is offered by micro-computed tomography (CT), as opposed to the limited resolution provided by clinical CT scanners, and this is one of the most promising tools for non-invasive perinatal postmortem imaging...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535022/fatal-deterioration-of-a-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-in-an-infant-with-abnormal-muscularization-of-intra-acinar-pulmonary-arteries-autopsy-and-histological-findings
#4
Nunzio Cosimo Mario Salfi, Gianluca Vergine, Maurizio Poloni, Sara Metalli, Barbara Bigucci, Francesca Facondini, Gianmatteo Pedrazzi, Francesca Masciopinto, Laura Bernabè, Vittorio Sambri, Maria Paola Bonasoni
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents a global and noteworthy cause of hospitalization and death in infants of less than 1 year of age. The typical clinical manifestation is bronchiolitis, an inflammatory process of the small airways. The symptoms are usually a brief period of low-grade fever, cough, coryza, breathing difficulties, and reduced feeding. The progression of the disease is difficult to predict, even in previous healthy subjects. Symptoms may also be subtle and underestimated, thus leading to sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)...
March 12, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534795/opposite-and-differently-altered-postmortem-changes-in-h3-and-h3k9me3-patterns-in-the-rat-frontal-cortex-and-hippocampus
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Dulka, Noémi Lajkó, Kálmán Nacsa, Karoly Gulya
Temporal and spatial epigenetic modifications in the brain occur during ontogenetic development, pathophysiological disorders, and aging. When epigenetic marks, such as histone methylations, in brain autopsies or biopsy samples are studied, it is critical to understand their postmortem/surgical stability. For this study, the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult rats were removed immediately (controls) or after a postmortem delay of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 min. The patterns of unmodified H3 and its trimethylated form H3K9me3 were analyzed in frozen samples for Western blot analysis and in formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin for confocal microscopy...
March 18, 2024: Epigenomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532148/determining-the-manner-of-death-in-victims-in-drug-induced-psychosis-a-case-of-an-atypical-head-stab-wound
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Petr Handlos, Ondřej Klabal, Vladimír Vojtek, Klára Handlosová, Tomáš Krejčí, Matěj Uvíra
This case report presents a rare case of an atypical head stab wound suffered by a drug addict and inflicted with a screwdriver during drug-induced psychosis. It describes the diagnostic and treatment procedures in the hospital and the findings of the subsequent autopsy. It also analyzes the review of the interpretation of the CT scans made upon admission and the subsequent treatment by an independent medical review panel, which revealed signs of medical mismanagement. Therefore, it also discusses the legal consequences that the case may have involved for the attending physicians in addition to the consequences for the suspected perpetrator...
March 27, 2024: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531877/ultrastructure-of-human-brain-tissue-vitrified-from-autopsy-revealed-by-cryo-et-with-cryo-plasma-fib-milling
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin C Creekmore, Kathryn Kixmoeller, Ben E Black, Edward B Lee, Yi-Wei Chang
Ultrastructure of human brain tissue has traditionally been examined using electron microscopy (EM) following fixation, staining, and sectioning, which limit resolution and introduce artifacts. Alternatively, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows higher resolution imaging of unfixed cellular samples while preserving architecture, but it requires samples to be vitreous and thin enough for transmission EM. Due to these requirements, cryo-ET has yet to be employed to investigate unfixed, never previously frozen human brain tissue...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528559/suicide-warning-signs-that-are-challenging-to-recognize-a-psychological-autopsy-study-of-korean-adolescents
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yeon Jung Lee, Yong-Sil Kweon, Yun Hyong Kang, Kyung Hee Yoon, Mi-Sun Lee, Soo-Young Bhang, Hyun Ju Hong
BACKGROUND: In South Korea, the leading cause of youth death has been suicide for about 20 years. In this study, we conducted a multi-method psychological autopsy to identify the psychiatric diagnosis, developmental history, personality traits, family history, school life, warning signs of suicide, and risk factors related to suicide for the first time in Korea. METHODS: This was a postmortem, retrospective, and descriptive study of 36 adolescents who died by suicide between August 2015 and July 2021 in South Korea...
March 25, 2024: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527227/dna-variants-detected-in-primary-and-metastatic-lung-adenocarcinoma-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Kelly, Caitlin Raymond, Song Han, Youmin Lin, Linyijia Chen, Gengming Huang, Jianli Dong
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been found to have recurrent genetic abnormalities, and novel therapies targeting these aberrations have improved patient survival. In this study, specimens from benign tissue, primary tumors, and brain metastases were obtained at autopsy from a 55-year-old White female patient diagnosed with NSCLC and were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and chromosomal microarray assay (CMA). No genetic aberrations were noted in the benign tissue; however, NGS identified a mutation in the KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS): KRAS exon 2 p...
March 25, 2024: Laboratory Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525575/experience-on-postmortem-minimally-invasive-tissue-sampling-to-ascertain-the-cause-of-death-determination-in-south-african-children-a-case-for-implementing-as-standard-of-care
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Du Toit, K Storath, I Dunn, P Makekeng, M Moosa, K Mothibi, N Umuneza, C A Rees, D Blau, S Lala, Y Adam, S Velaphi, M Hale, P Swart, J Wadula, L Mothibi, A Wise, V Baba, P Jaglal, S Mahtab, S Madhi, Z Dangor
Determining the death burden for prioritising public health interventions necessitates detailed data on the causal pathways to death. Postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), incorporating histology, molecular and microbial culture diagnostics, enhances cause-of-death attribution, particularly for infectious deaths. MITS proves a valid alternative to full diagnostic autopsies, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Soweto, South Africa (SA), the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) programme has delineated over 1 000 child and stillbirth deaths since 2017...
February 13, 2024: South African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525067/clinical-predictors-of-postmortem-amyloid-and-nonamyloid-cerebral-small-vessel-disease-in-middle-aged-to-older-adults
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Dallaire-Théroux, Colin Smith, Simon Duchesne
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sporadic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a class of important pathologic processes known to affect the aging brain and to contribute to cognitive impairment. We aimed to identify clinical risk factors associated with postmortem CSVD in middle-aged to older adults. METHODS: We developed and tested risk models for their predictive accuracy of a pathologic diagnosis of nonamyloid CSVD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in a retrospective sample of 160 autopsied cases from the Edinburgh Brain Bank...
June 2024: Neurology. Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524048/a-rare-case-of-leukemoid-reaction-during-mechanical-circulatory-support-in-a-patient-with-severe-heart-failure-an-autopsy-study
#12
Shingo Kunioka, Fumitaka Suzuki, Marino Nagata, Masahiro Tsutsui, Hiroyuki Kamiya
The leukemoid reaction (LR) is reported to be caused by severe stress conditions such as infection, malignancies, intoxication, severe hemorrhage, or acute hemolysis; this condition is attributed to a very severe prognosis. Some reports have suggested that the LR was associated with a systemic stress response. A 36-year-old man who required mechanical circulatory support (MCS), including veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella 5.5 due to severe heart failure, was transferred to our hospital...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523945/histological-changes-in-adrenal-glands-in-suicidal-and-sudden-death-cases-a-postmortem-study
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sangita Chaurasia, Anshuli Trivedi, Ruchi Ganvir, Saagar Singh, Jayanthi Yadav, Reeni Malik, Sneha Choubal, Arneet Arora
Introduction Various studies have linked suicidal behavior, stress, affective disorders, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis resulting from chronic stress. Chronic stress has been shown to cause enlargement of the adrenal glands, altering their function and potentially leading to suicidal behaviors in individuals with depression. This study aimed to compare the histological changes in the adrenal glands of individuals who died by suicide with those who experienced sudden death...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523920/carcinomatous-meningitis-and-hydrocephalus-in-plasmacytoid-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-urinary-bladder-with-extremely-elevated-ca19-9-levels
#14
Fumiaki Henmi, Kayako Ukai, Atsuhito Nakayama, Yutaka Takazawa, Yoshikazu Uesaka
This case report describes a rare and aggressive presentation of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) with carcinomatous meningitis, hydrocephalus, extensive organ involvement, and extremely elevated serum CA19-9 levels. Autopsy findings revealed that PUC of the urinary bladder origin caused carcinomatous meningitis and hydrocephalus, with exacerbation of hydrocephalus as the direct cause of death. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the bladder origin of PUC, and PUC cells were positive for CA19-9, a tumor marker commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancies, suggesting that the markedly high serum CA19-9 level was related to the tumor-producing mechanism...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522817/extracellular-vesicles-derived-from-dendritic-cells-loaded-with-vegf-a-sirna-and-doxorubicin-reduce-glioma-angiogenesis-in-vitro
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parisa Shamshiripour, Mehrana Rahnama, Mehdi Nikoobakht, Vahideh Farzam Rad, Ali-Reza Moradi, Davoud Ahmadvand
BACKGROUND: Numerous attempts have been devoted to designing anti-angiogenic agents as a strategy to slow tumor growth and progression. Clinical applications of conventional anti-angiogenic agents face some challenges, e.g., off-target effects for TKIs and also low solid tumor penetration for mAbs. Furthermore, although anti-angiogenic therapy provides a normalization window for better chemo-RT response, in long-term treatments, tumor hypoxia as a result of total removal of VEGF-A by mAbs from the TME or complete blockade of TK receptors induces over-activation of compensatory angiogenic pathways, causing escape...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Controlled Release
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522265/host-determinants-and-responses-underlying-sars-cov-2-liver-tropism
#16
REVIEW
Natalie Heinen, Mara Klöhn, Saskia Westhoven, Richard Jp Brown, Stephanie Pfaender
Hepatic sequelae are frequently reported in coronavirus disease 2019 cases and are correlated with increased disease severity. Therefore, a detailed exploration of host factors contributing to hepatic impairment and ultimately infection outcomes in patients is essential for improved clinical management. The causes of hepatic injury are not limited to drug-mediated toxicity or aberrant host inflammatory responses. Indeed, multiple studies report the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in liver autopsies and the susceptibility of explanted human hepatocytes to infection...
March 23, 2024: Current Opinion in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521766/plasma-p-tau212-antemortem-diagnostic-performance-and-prediction-of-autopsy-verification-of-alzheimer-s-disease-neuropathology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Przemysław R Kac, Fernando González-Ortiz, Andreja Emeršič, Maciej Dulewicz, Srinivas Koutarapu, Michael Turton, Yang An, Denis Smirnov, Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik, Vijay R Varma, Nicholas J Ashton, Laia Montoliu-Gaya, Elena Camporesi, Izabela Winkel, Bogusław Paradowski, Abhay Moghekar, Juan C Troncoso, Tammaryn Lashley, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Susan M Resnick, Barbara Mroczko, Hlin Kvartsberg, Milica Gregorič Kramberger, Jörg Hanrieder, Saša Čučnik, Peter Harrison, Henrik Zetterberg, Piotr Lewczuk, Madhav Thambisetty, Uroš Rot, Douglas Galasko, Kaj Blennow, Thomas K Karikari
Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217. Here, we examined the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau212. In five cohorts (n = 388 participants), plasma p-tau212 showed high performances for AD diagnosis and for the detection of both amyloid and tau pathology, including at autopsy as well as in memory clinic populations...
March 23, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521412/crucial-role-played-by-ck8-cells-in-mediating-alveolar-injury-remodeling-for-patients-with-covid-19
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yufeng Li, Hengrui Hu, Jia Liu, Longda Ma, Xi Wang, Liang Liu, Qian Liu, Liang Ren, Jiang Li, Fei Deng, Zhihong Hu, Yiwu Zhou, Manli Wang
The high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection and the occurrence of post-acute pulmonary sequelae have highlighted the importance of understanding the mechanism underlying lung repair after injury. To address this concern, comparative and systematic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and animals were conducted. In the lungs of nine patients who died of COVID-19 and one recovered from COVID-19 but died of unrelated disease in early 2020, damage-related transient progenitor (DATP) cells expressing CK8 marker proliferated significantly...
March 21, 2024: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521367/multi-shell-diffusion-mri-of-the-fornix-as-a-biomarker-for-cognition-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ken Sakaie, Katherine Koenig, Alan Lerner, Brian Appleby, Paula Ogrocki, Jagan A Pillai, Stephen Rao, James B Leverenz, Mark J Lowe
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A substantial fraction of those who had Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology on autopsy did not have dementia in life. While biomarkers for AD pathology are well-developed, biomarkers specific to cognitive domains affected by early AD are lagging. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) of the fornix is a candidate biomarker for early AD-related cognitive changes but is susceptible to bias due to partial volume averaging (PVA) with cerebrospinal fluid. The purpose of this work is to leverage multi-shell dMRI to correct for PVA and to evaluate PVA-corrected dMRI measures in fornix as a biomarker for cognition in AD...
March 21, 2024: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521140/incidence-of-quadricuspid-pulmonary-valves-at-post-mortem-examination
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Duffy, Sarah Parsons, Joseph Westaby, Mary Sheppard
Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is a rare congenital abnormality and because of its difficult non-invasive assessment, it is usually discovered incidentally at autopsies (reported prevalence in post-mortem specimens ranges from 1 in 400 to 1 in 2000) [1,12]. Unlike a bicuspid pulmonary valve, it rarely presents with clinical complications, such as valvular insufficiency or stenosis [3]. Abnormal function is rarely reported in cases that are not associated with other congenital heart disease. With increased sophistication of imaging coincidental quadricuspid valves autopsy studies are important to understand the anatomical consequences of this finding...
March 21, 2024: Cardiovascular Pathology: the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology
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