keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421061/long-term-abacus-training-gains-in-children-are-predicted-by-medial-temporal-lobe-anatomy-and-circuitry
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ye Xie, Hyesang Chang, Yi Zhang, Chunjie Wang, Yuan Zhang, Lang Chen, Fengji Geng, Yixuan Ku, Vinod Menon, Feiyan Chen
Abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) is a widely used educational tool for enhancing math learning, offering an accessible and cost-effective method for classroom implementation. Despite its universal appeal, the neurocognitive mechanisms that drive the efficacy of AMC training remain poorly understood. Notably, although abacus training relies heavily on the rapid recall of number positions and sequences, the role of memory systems in driving long-term AMC learning remains unknown. Here, we sought to address this gap by investigating the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system in predicting long-term AMC training gains in second-grade children, who were longitudinally assessed up to fifth grade...
February 29, 2024: Developmental Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38419449/research-progress-of-hippocampal-dopamine-system-changes-in-perioperative-neurocognitive-disorders
#22
REVIEW
Feng-Nian Jia, An-Ran Chen, Hui-Hua Li, Cui-Cui Yu
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a cognitive impairment that occurs after anesthesia, especially in elderly patients and significantly affects their quality of life. The hippocampus, as a critical region for cognitive function and an important location in PND research, has recently attracted increasing attention. However, in the hippocampus the impact of anesthesia and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review focuses on investigation of the effects of anesthesia on the hippocampal dopamine (DA) system and explores its potential association with PND...
February 19, 2024: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38417785/effects-of-gaba-sex-and-stress-on-reward-learning-in-current-and-remitted-major-depression
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica M Duda, Amelia D Moser, Maria Ironside, Kaylee E Null, Laura M Holsen, Chun S Zuo, Fei Du, Shiba M Esfand, Xi Chen, Sarah Perlo, Christine E Richards, Rachel Lobien, Madeline Alexander, Madhusmita Misra, Jill M Goldstein, Diego A Pizzagalli
BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive factors including aberrant reward learning, blunted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and potentiated stress sensitivity have been linked to anhedonia, a hallmark depressive symptom, possibly in a sex-dependent manner. However, past research has not investigated the putative associations among these factors nor the extent to which they represent trait- or state-based vulnerabilities for depression. METHODS: Young adults with current major depressive disorder, (MDD; N=44), remitted MDD (rMDD; N=42), and healthy control participants (HC; N=44), stratified by sex, underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess GABA+ (macromolecular contaminated), and then a reward learning task before and after acute stress...
February 26, 2024: Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413176/use-of-machine-learning-to-identify-characteristics-associated-with-severe-hypoglycemia-in-older-adults-with-type-1-diabetes-a-post-hoc-analysis-of-a-case-control-study
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikki L B Freeman, Rashmi Muthukkumar, Ruth S Weinstock, M Victor Wickerhauser, Anna R Kahkoska
INTRODUCTION: Severe hypoglycemia (SH) in older adults (OAs) with type 1 diabetes is associated with profound morbidity and mortality, yet its etiology can be complex and multifactorial. Enhanced tools to identify OAs who are at high risk for SH are needed. This study used machine learning to identify characteristics that distinguish those with and without recent SH, selecting from a range of demographic and clinical, behavioral and lifestyle, and neurocognitive characteristics, along with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures...
February 27, 2024: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412079/leveraging-brain-modularity-prior-for-interpretable-representation-learning-of-fmri
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianqian Wang, Wei Wang, Yuqi Fang, P-T Yap, Hongtu Zhu, Hong-Jun Li, Lishan Qiao, Mingxia Liu
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can reflect spontaneous neural activities in the brain and is widely used for brain disorder analysis. Previous studies focus on extracting fMRI representations using machine/deep learning methods, but these features typically lack biological interpretability. The human brain exhibits a remarkable modular structure in spontaneous brain functional networks, with each module comprised of functionally interconnected brain regions-of-interest (ROIs)...
February 27, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402674/neurocognitive-mechanisms-of-mental-imagery-based-disgust-learning
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinxia Wang, Siyi Shen, Benjamin Becker, Michelle Hei Lam Tsang, Ying Mei, Jan Wikgren, Yi Lei
Disgust imagery represents a potential pathological mechanism for disgust-related disorders. However, it remains controversial as to whether disgust can be conditioned with disgust-evoking mental imagery serving as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Therefore, we examined this using a conditioned learning paradigm in combination with event-related potential (ERP) analysis in 35 healthy college students. The results indicated that the initial neutral face (conditioned stimulus, CS+) became more disgust-evoking, unpleasant, and arousing after pairing with disgust-evoking imagery (disgust CS+), compared to pairing with neutral (neutral CS+) and no (CS-) imagery...
February 22, 2024: Behaviour Research and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392589/the-impact-of-genetics-on-cognition-insights-into-cognitive-disorders-and-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giulia Spoto, Gabriella Di Rosa, Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
This article explores the complex relationship between genetics and cognition, specifically examining the impact of genetic variants, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on cognitive functions and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on neurotransmitter regulation within the prefrontal cortex's dopaminergic circuits, this study emphasizes the role of genes like COMT, PRODH, and DRD in shaping executive functions and influencing conditions such as ADHD and schizophrenia. Additionally, it explores the significance of genetic factors in neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the need for early identification to guide appropriate therapeutic interventions...
January 30, 2024: Journal of Personalized Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389558/neural-basis-of-second-language-speech-learning-past-and-future-a-commentary-on-the-neurocognitive-underpinnings-of-second-language-processing-knowledge-gains-from-the-past-and-future-outlook
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387603/unraveling-the-influence-of-age-iq-education-and-negative-symptoms-on-neurocognitive-performance-in-schizophrenia-a-conditional-inference-tree-analysis
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xenia M Hart, Yasue Mitsukura, Robert R Bies, Hiroyuki Uchida
INTRODUCTION: The complex nature of neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia has been discussed in light of the mixed effects of antipsychotic drugs, psychotic symptoms, dopamine D2 receptor blockade, and intelligence quotient (IQ). These factors have not been thoroughly examined before. METHODS: This study conducted a comprehensive re-analysis of the CATIE data using machine learning techniques, in particular Conditional Inference Tree (CTREE) analysis, to investigate associations between neurocognitive functions and moderating factors such as estimated trough dopamine D2 receptor blockade with risperidone, olanzapine, or ziprasidone, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and baseline IQ in 573 patients with schizophrenia...
February 22, 2024: Pharmacopsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38385120/the-evolution-of-science-in-second-language-acquisition-research-a-commentary-on-the-neurocognitive-underpinnings-of-second-language-processing-knowledge-gains-from-the-past-and-future-outlook
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384484/differential-diagnosis-of-frontotemporal-dementia-subtypes-with-explainable-deep-learning-on-structural-mri
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Da Ma, Jane Stocks, Howard Rosen, Kejal Kantarci, Samuel N Lockhart, James R Bateman, Suzanne Craft, Metin N Gurcan, Karteek Popuri, Mirza Faisal Beg, Lei Wang
BACKGROUND: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represents a collection of neurobehavioral and neurocognitive syndromes that are associated with a significant degree of clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity hinders the identification of effective biomarkers, preventing effective targeted recruitment of participants in clinical trials for developing potential interventions and treatments. In the present study, we aim to automatically differentiate patients with three clinical phenotypes of FTD, behavioral-variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), based on their structural MRI by training a deep neural network (DNN)...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38383131/a-treatable-inborn-error-of-metabolism-presenting-in-the-sixth-decade
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah-Jane Martin, Amy Davidson, Sheena Murdoch, Johann Selvarajah
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. If untreated, PKU can result in global developmental delay, learning difficulties or seizures. For that reason, PKU is included in the UK neonatal screening programme. We describe a patient in his sixth decade presenting with progressive cognitive decline and spasticity, in whom a diagnosis of PKU was eventually reached. We note that although we currently have a robust neonatal screening programme, this has not always been the case. Patients born before 1969 were not screened, and tests used in early screening programmes were less sensitive than those used today...
February 21, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379975/neurocognitive-changes-at-different-follow-up-times-after-bilateral-subthalamic-nucleus-deep-brain-stimulation-in-patients-with-parkinson-s-disease
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhuohang Wang, Zijian Zheng, Junwen Huang, Xu Cai, Xinjie Liu, Cheng Xue, Longping Yao, Guohui Lu
BACKGROUND: Bilateral deep thalamic nucleus brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery is often used to treat the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease. The change of neurocognitive symptoms in patients is, however, still unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed at analyzing the deterioration of neurocognitive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease after deep brain stimulation surgery under different follow-up times. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to screen eligible study records, the meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance method and a random-effects model...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38375608/cognitive-domains-affected-post-covid-19-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#34
REVIEW
Jack B Fanshawe, Brendan F Sargent, James B Badenoch, Aman Saini, Cameron J Watson, Aleksandra Pokrovskaya, Daruj Aniwattanapong, Isabella Conti, Charles Nye, Ella Burchill, Zain U Hussain, Khanafi Said, Elinda Kuhoga, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, Sophie Pendered, Bernard Mbwele, Maxime Taquet, Greta K Wood, Jonathan P Rogers, Adam Hampshire, Alan Carson, Anthony S David, Benedict D Michael, Timothy R Nicholson, Stella-Maria Paddick, Charles E Leek
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This review aims to characterize the pattern of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, allowing better prediction of impact on daily function to inform clinical management and rehabilitation. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurocognitive sequelae following COVID-19 was conducted, following PRISMA-S guidelines. Studies were included if they reported domain-specific cognitive assessment in patients with COVID-19 at >4 weeks post-infection...
February 20, 2024: European Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38375365/unlocking-the-neural-mechanisms-of-consumer-loan-evaluations-an-fnirs-and-ml-based-consumer-neuroscience-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tuna Çakar, Semen Son-Turan, Yener Girişken, Alperen Sayar, Seyit Ertuğrul, Gözde Filiz, Esin Tuna
INTRODUCTION: This study conducts a comprehensive exploration of the neurocognitive processes underlying consumer credit decision-making using cutting-edge techniques from neuroscience and machine learning (ML). Employing functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), the research examines the hemodynamic responses of participants while evaluating diverse credit offers. METHODS: The experimental phase of this study investigates the hemodynamic responses collected from 39 healthy participants with respect to different loan offers...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373283/deep-learning-segmentation-of-organs-at-risk-with-integration-into-clinical-workflow-for-pediatric-brain-radiotherapy
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lina Mekki, Sahaja Acharya, Matthew Ladra, Junghoon Lee
PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) of pediatric brain cancer is known to be associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits. Although target and organs-at-risk (OARs) are contoured as part of treatment planning, other structures linked to cognitive functions are often not included. This paper introduces a novel automatic segmentation tool specifically designed for the unique challenges posed by pediatric patients undergoing brain RT, as well as its seamless integration into the existing clinical workflow...
February 19, 2024: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367211/lower-dorsal-putamen-d2-3-receptor-availability-and-amphetamine-induced-dopamine-release-are-related-to-poorer-cognitive-function-in-recently-abstinent-people-who-smoke-and-healthy-controls
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frances Cheung, Katina C Calakos, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Ansel T Hillmer, Kelly P Cosgrove, Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
INTRODUCTION: In the dopamine system, the mesolimbic pathway, including the dorsal striatum, underlies the reinforcing properties of tobacco smoking, and the mesocortical pathway, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), is critical for cognitive functioning. Dysregulated dopamine signaling has been linked to drug-seeking behaviors and cognitbie deficits. The dorsal striatum and dlPFC are structurally and functionally connected and are the key regions for cognitive functioning...
February 17, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364297/neurocognitive-concussion-test-performance-for-student-athletes-on-the-autism-spectrum
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph Fontanals, Joseph P McCleery, Philip Schatz
OBJECTIVE: To examine baseline neurocognitive functioning among adolescent athletes on the autism spectrum based on self-reported level of academic performance. METHOD: Participants in this cross-sectional, observational study were 6,441 adolescent athletes with a self-reported diagnosis of autism who completed pre-season neurocognitive testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT); 4,742 reported a co-occurring learning disorder (LD), and 6,612 individuals without autism or LD were included as a control group...
February 13, 2024: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362055/harnessing-the-power-of-voice-a-deep-neural-network-model-for-alzheimer-s-disease-detection
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chan-Young Park, Minsoo Kim, YongSoo Shim, Nayoung Ryoo, Hyunjoo Choi, Ho Tae Jeong, Gihyun Yun, Hunboc Lee, Hyungryul Kim, SangYun Kim, Young Chul Youn
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Voice, reflecting cerebral functions, holds potential for analyzing and understanding brain function, especially in the context of cognitive impairment (CI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study used voice data to distinguish between normal cognition and CI or Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). METHODS: This study enrolled 3 groups of subjects: 1) 52 subjects with subjective cognitive decline; 2) 110 subjects with mild CI; and 3) 59 subjects with ADD...
January 2024: Dementia and neurocognitive disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356893/prevalence-cognitive-characteristics-and-influencing-factors-of-amnestic-mild-cognitive-impairment-among-older-adults-residing-in-an-urban-community-in-chengdu-china
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shan Rao, Yan Cai, Zhujun Zhong, Tianyuan Gou, Yangyang Wang, Shiyi Liao, Peiyuan Qiu, Weihong Kuang
OBJECTIVE: Dementia is a significant public health concern, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) serves as a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. Among the various types of MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI) has been identified as having a higher likelihood of progressing to Alzheimer's dimension. However, limited research has been conducted on the prevalence of aMCI in China. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of aMCI, examine its cognitive characteristics, and identify associated risk factors...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
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