keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518437/exploring-the-lack-of-articular-ends-at-the-middle-pleistocene-site-of-qesem-cave-israel
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruth Blasco, Jordi Rosell, Ella Assaf, Ran Barkai, Avi Gopher
Biased skeletal part representation is a key element for making inferences about transport decisions, carcass procurement, and use patterns in anthropogenic accumulations. In the absence of destructive taphonomic processes, it is often assumed that the abundance of different anatomical portions represents selective transport and discard patterns of human groups. Because body parts may be transported for specific products such as meat, marrow or grease, a pattern that usually attracts attention in many archaeological sites is the low proportions of appendicular epiphyses...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Human Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517914/the-effects-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-physical-function-in-critically-ill-adults-protocol-for-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Farley, Dina Brooks, Anastasia N L Newman
INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is one possible strategy to ameliorate respiratory muscle weakness due to invasive mechanical ventilation. Recent systematic reviews have focused on respiratory outcomes with minimal attention to physical function. The newest systematic review searched the literature until September 2017 and a recent preliminary search identified 5 new randomized controlled trials focusing on IMT in critical care. As such, a new systematic review is warranted to summarize the current body of evidence and to investigate the effect of IMT on physical function in critical care...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517177/group-membership-modulates-empathic-neural-responses-to-pain-in-deaf-individuals
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiangci Wu, Huibin Jia, Kaibin Zhao, Mengshan Guo, Xueqi Lv, Yimin Ma, Enguo Wang
Empathy deficiencies are prevalent among deaf individuals. It has yet to be determined whether they exhibit an ingroup bias in empathic responses. This study employed explicit and implicit empathy tasks (i.e. attention-to-pain-cue [A-P] task and attention-to-nonpain-cue [A-N] task) to explore the temporal dynamics of neural activities when deaf individuals were processing painful/nonpainful stimuli from both ingroup models (deaf people) and outgroup models (hearing people), which aims to not only assist deaf individuals in gaining a deeper understanding of their intergroup empathy traits but also to aid in the advancement of inclusive education...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516656/a-tale-of-caution-how-endogenous-viral-elements-affect-virus-discovery-in-transcriptomic-data
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadja Brait, Thomas Hackl, Côme Morel, Antoni Exbrayat, Serafin Gutierrez, Sebastian Lequime
Large-scale metagenomic and -transcriptomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of viral diversity and abundance. In contrast, endogenous viral elements (EVEs), remnants of viral sequences integrated into host genomes, have received limited attention in the context of virus discovery, especially in RNA-Seq data. EVEs resemble their original viruses, a challenge that makes distinguishing between active infections and integrated remnants difficult, affecting virus classification and biases downstream analyses...
2024: Virus Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512216/the-perceived-quality-of-maternal-care-during-childhood-shapes-attentional-bias-to-infant-faces-in-parents-and-nonparents
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Micol Gemignani, Michele Giannotti, Simona de Falco
While research has shown that the attentional bias to infant faces predicts the quality of infant care, the antecedents of this cognitive process have been less established. In particular, it remains unknown whether the attentional bias to infant faces might be affected by the interplay between different factors, including memories of past experiences of care, adults' sex, and the experience of parenthood. To extend previous results, we examined the attentional bias to infant faces in a mixed sample of parents ( n = 99) and nonparents ( n = 102), and whether it varied in relation to parental status, sex, the quality of past experiences of care, and the interactions between these factors...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Family Psychology: JFP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510803/deployment-of-attention-to-facial-expressions-varies-as-a-function-of-emotional-quality-but-not-in-alexithymic-individuals
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Surber, Dennis Hoepfel, Vivien Günther, Anette Kersting, Michael Rufer, Thomas Suslow, Charlott Maria Bodenschatz
BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is a risk factor for emotional disorders and is characterized by differences in automatic and controlled emotion processing. The multi-stimulus free-viewing task has been used to detect increased negative and reduced positive attentional biases in depression and anxiety. In the present eye-tracking study, we examined whether lexical emotional priming directs attention toward emotion-congruent facial expressions and whether alexithymia is related to impairments in lexical priming and spontaneous attention deployment during multiple face perception...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510350/effects-of-exercise-therapy-on-anxiety-and-depression-in-patients-with-covid-19-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#27
Ju Tang, Liang-Liang Chen, Hongtao Zhang, Peifeng Wei, Feng Miao
OBJECTIVE: With increasing rates of anxiety and depression during COVID-19, exercise treatment has drawn attention for its effects on COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression. This study set out to assess the impact of exercise therapy on COVID-19 patients' anxiety and depression. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were used to search articles about exercise therapy as a means of treating anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients from inception to April 30, 2023...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509463/neurocognitive-functioning-among-children-and-young-people-with-duchenne-muscular-dystrophy-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#28
REVIEW
Jayne Gregg, Colin Wilson, David Curran, Donncha Hanna
Objective: The neurocognitive aspects of DMD have received less attention than the physiological sequalae. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature on the neurocognitive profile of children and young people with DMD. Method: Five databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science) and the grey literature was searched on 27th January 2023. Eligible articles were available in English and reported neurocognitive outcomes. Neurocognitive domains reported in a comparable way across a minimum of three studies were included...
March 20, 2024: Clinical Neuropsychologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509269/an-examination-of-the-effects-of-eye-tracking-on-behavior-in-psychology-experiments
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darrell A Worthy, Joanna N Lahey, Samuel L Priestley, Marco A Palma
Eye-tracking is emerging as a tool for researchers to better understand cognition and behavior. However, it is possible that experiment participants adjust their behavior when they know their eyes are being tracked. This potential change would be considered a type of Hawthorne effect, in which participants alter their behavior in response to being watched and could potentially compromise the outcomes and conclusions of experimental studies that use eye tracking. We examined whether eye-tracking produced Hawthorne effects in six commonly used psychological scales and five behavioral tasks...
March 20, 2024: Behavior Research Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507379/few-shot-relation-extraction-with-automatically-generated-prompts
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyan Zhao, Min Yang, Qiang Qu, Ruifeng Xu
Relation extraction (RE) tends to struggle when the supervised training data is few and difficult to be collected. In this article, we elicit relational and factual knowledge from large pretrained language models (PLMs) for few-shot RE (FSRE) with prompting techniques. Concretely, we automatically generate a diverse set of natural language templates and modulate PLM's behavior through these prompts for FSRE. To mitigate the template bias which leads to unstableness of few-shot learning, we propose a simple yet effective template regularization network (TRN) to prevent deep networks from over-fitting uncertain templates and thus stabilize the FSRE models...
March 20, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504324/attentional-disengagement-craving-and-mentalizing-a-preliminary-experimental-study-among-older-aged-male-gamblers
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Ciccarelli, Barbara Pizzini, Mark D Griffiths, Marina Cosenza, Giovanna Nigro, Francesca D'Olimpio
INTRODUCTION: Empirical studies have demonstrated the role that attentional bias, the mutual excitatory relationship between attentional bias and craving, and mentalizing play in problem gambling. Although problem gambling rates among older-aged adults have steadily increased in recent years, research studies among this cohort are scarce. The present study is the first to empirically investigate attentional bias, as well as the joint role of attentional bias, craving, and mentalizing among older-aged gamblers...
March 19, 2024: BMC Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504004/order-effects-in-stimulus-discrimination-challenge-established-models-of-comparative-judgement-a-meta-analytic-review-of-the-type-b-effect
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruben Ellinghaus, Karin M Bausenhart, Dilara Koc, Rolf Ulrich, Roman Liepelt
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the Type B effect (TBE), a phenomenon reflected in the observation that discrimination sensitivity varies with the order of stimuli in comparative judgment tasks, such as the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) paradigm. Specifically, when the difference threshold is lower (higher) with the constant standard preceding rather than following the variable comparison, one speaks of a negative (positive) TBE. Importantly, prominent psychophysical difference models such as signal detection theory (Green & Swets, 1966) cannot easily account for the TBE, and are hence challenged by it...
March 19, 2024: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503853/a-generalisation-of-the-method-of-regression-calibration-and-comparison-with-bayesian-and-frequentist-model-averaging-methods
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark P Little, Nobuyuki Hamada, Lydia B Zablotska
For many cancer sites low-dose risks are not known and must be extrapolated from those observed in groups exposed at much higher levels of dose. Measurement error can substantially alter the dose-response shape and hence the extrapolated risk. Even in studies with direct measurement of low-dose exposures measurement error could be substantial in relation to the size of the dose estimates and thereby distort population risk estimates. Recently, there has been considerable attention paid to methods of dealing with shared errors, which are common in many datasets, and particularly important in occupational and environmental settings...
March 19, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503629/efficacy-of-nemiralisib-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-a-systematic-review
#34
REVIEW
Hongkuan Yang, Shuifeng He, Linbao Liang, Junjie Pan
PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health concern. Exacerbation of COPD leads to poor health and frequent episodes of increased systemic and airway inflammation. Immunomodulatory drugs have garnered extensive attention because they may reduce the rate of COPD exacerbation. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nemiralisib in COPD patients. METHODS: Medical databases, including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed, were queried from inception to June 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of nemiralisib in COPD patients...
March 18, 2024: Clinical Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503508/how-does-selfing-affect-the-pace-and-process-of-speciation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucas Marie-Orleach, Sylvain Glémin, Marie K Brandrud, Anne K Brysting, Abel Gizaw, A Lovisa S Gustafsson, Loren H Rieseberg, Christian Brochmann, Siri Birkeland
Surprisingly little attention has been given to the impact of selfing on speciation, even though selfing reduces gene flow between populations and affects other key population genetics parameters. Here we review recent theoretical work and compile empirical data from crossing experiments and genomic and phylogenetic studies to assess the effect of mating systems on the speciation process. In accordance with theoretical predictions, we find that accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities seems to be accelerated in selfers, but there is so far limited empirical support for a predicted bias toward underdominant loci...
March 19, 2024: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502843/improving-equitable-postpartum-care-in-an-urban-private-clinic-with-predominantly-black-patients
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yannique Tello, Kristin A Gianelis
INTRODUCTION: Maternal health disparities based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors exist in the United States, with Black women experiencing significantly worse outcomes. With much of perinatal morbidity and mortality attributed to the postpartum period, attention to equitable postpartum care is necessary for addressing this disparity. PROCESS: A rapid-cycle quality improvement initiative was implemented in an urban clinic serving predominantly Black, Medicaid-insured clients...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502260/effectiveness-of-dance-movement-therapy-and-dance-movement-interventions-on-cancer-patients-health-related-outcomes-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#37
REVIEW
Hammoda Abu-Odah, Mian Wang, Jing Jing Su, Gemma Collard-Stokes, David Sheffield, Alex Molassiotis
OBJECTIVES: This review examined the effectiveness of using dance movement therapy (DMT) and dance movement interventions (DMIs) with cancer and palliative care patients. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Six databases were searched from inception to July 9, 2022, without limits on year or age. Searching was updated on July 10, 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane (RoB 2) and ROBINS-I tools...
March 19, 2024: Supportive Care in Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501958/design-of-aluminum-doped-zno-phenyl-c-butyric-acid-methyl-ester-tungsten-disulfide-azo-pcbm-ws-2-heterojunction-based-device-for-applications-in-solar-cells-and-broadband-self-powered-photodetectors
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rupam Sinha
The domain related to the use of renewable energy is showing high interest among the researchers in the current days, and light energy can be considered as one of such. Solar cells are the kind of devices that use light energy in an efficient way to generate electricity. Hence, designing and developing a solar cell requires meticulous attention to get an optimum output. This work focuses on designing and optimization of aluminum dope ZnO/phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester/tungsten disulfide (AZO/PCBM/WS2 ) heterojunction-based device for applications in solar cells...
March 19, 2024: Langmuir: the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501686/psychological-therapies-for-depression-in-older-adults-residing-in-long-term-care-settings
#39
REVIEW
Tanya E Davison, Sunil Bhar, Yvonne Wells, Patrick J Owen, Emily You, Colleen Doyle, Steven J Bowe, Leon Flicker
BACKGROUND: Depression is common amongst older people residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Currently, most residents treated for depression are prescribed antidepressant medications, despite the potential availability of psychological therapies that are suitable for older people and a preference amongst many older people for non-pharmacological treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of psychological therapies for depression in older people living in LTC settings, in comparison with treatment as usual, waiting list control, and non-specific attentional control; and to compare the effectiveness of different types of psychological therapies in this setting...
March 19, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501083/intermittent-theta-burst-stimulation-and-functional-connectivity-in-people-living-with-hiv-aids-who-smoke-tobacco-cigarettes-a-preliminary-pilot-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gopalkumar Rakesh, Thomas G Adams, Rajendra A Morey, Joseph L Alcorn, Rebika Khanal, Amanda E Su, Seth S Himelhoch, Craig R Rush
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWHA) smoke at three times the rate of the general population and respond poorly to cessation strategies. Previous studies examined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L. dlPFC) to reduce craving, but no studies have explored rTMS among PLWHA who smoke. The current pilot study compared the effects of active and sham intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), cigarette cue attentional bias, and cigarette craving in PLWHA who smoke...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
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