ocular surface

PURPOSE: An increase in fungal and particularly filamentous keratitis has been observed in many geographic areas, mostly in contact lens wearers. This study seeks to characterize long-term trends in fungal keratitis in a continental climate area to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective multicentric case series. METHODS: Cases of microbiology-confirmed fungal keratitis from 2003 to 2022 presenting to tertiary care centers across Canada were included...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dry eye disease (DED) is increasingly prevalent, resultinginhigher morbidityamong children. This study evaluates the impact of DED severity on visual quality using double-pass technology, focusing on dynamic observation of the ocular light scatter in pediatric DED cases. METHOD: In this non-interventional, cross-sectional study, a mild DED group (37 cases, 37 eyes), a moderate DED group (40 cases, 40 eyes), and a control group of healthy children (35 cases, 35 eyes) were examined...

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by injury to the ocular surface due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV-induced damage in the cells leads to the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts that are repaired by the NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair) pathway. Mutations in the genes coding for NER proteins, as reported in XP patients, would lead to sub-optimal damage repair resulting in clinical signs varying from photo-keratitis to cancerous lesions on the ocular surface...

Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a potent vesicating chemical warfare agent that is primarily absorbed through skin, inhalation, or ocular surface. Ocular exposure of NM can cause acute to chronic keratopathy which can eventually lead to blindness. There is a current lack of effective countermeasures against ocular exposure of NM despite their imperative need. Herein, we aim to explore the sustained effect of Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA-DSP-NP) following a single subconjunctival injection in the management and prevention of corneal injury progression upon exposure to NM...

PURPOSE: Recent studies have reported the promising effect of intravitreal propranolol on retinal neovascularization. However, rapid clearance and short half-life of the drug in the vitreous are the main drawbacks of this therapeutic approach. This study investigates the extension of the residence time of propranolol in the vitreous by polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with the prospect of improving choroidal neovascularization treatment. METHODS: The poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs were fabricated by a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method and the obtained NPs were characterized for their size, poly dispersity index (PDI), and surface image...

AIM: To determine the dry eye (DE) rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 432 patients with primary hypertension (with an equal number of patients in each group: 144 in stage I, II, and III hypertension) and 144 healthy subjects as a control group. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Schirmer I test without anesthetics were conducted on all 576 subjects. Subjects with OSDI scores <13 and Schirmer I values equal to or under 10 mm were diagnosed with DE...

AIM: To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters. METHODS: This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y (both males and females). Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and lipid layer pattern (LLP). Based on these initial results, participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry eye...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in higher-order aberrations (HOAs), coma, and spherical aberrations (SAs) on the anterior, posterior, and total corneal surfaces after pterygium excision. METHODS: In this single-center study, we examined 19 eyes of 15 patients who underwent pterygium excision at Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital between January 2017 and December 2017. We also evaluated 25 eyes of 25 age-matched patients with no history of ocular disease as the control group...

BACKGROUND: Kidney and eye diseases may be closely linked. Tears of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have been reported to be related to kidney diseases, such as IgA nephropathy and light-chain deposition disease. However, pigment epithelium tears associated with membranous nephropathy have not been reported or systematically analysed. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old man presented with decreased right eye visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed cystic macular edema, localized serous detachment of the retina and loss of the outer retinal structure in the right eye and retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) combined with serous detachment of the retina in the left eye...

This prospective single-arm study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a refractive multifocal contact lens for the correction of presbyopia in 22 patients. The participants underwent clinical examinations before and 1 week after wearing a refractive multifocal contact lens (OptaCon ZOOM). The primary endpoints were the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA). Defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of topical 0.5% 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as a primary therapy of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). DESIGN: Retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with clinically suspected OSSN referred to a Brazilian tertiary health center between October 2015 and December 2022. METHODS: After diagnostic confirmation of OSSN with exfoliative cytology, 0.5% 5-FU was administered topically 4 times daily for 2 weeks followed by a pause of 2 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Pterygium, characterized by the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells, matrix remodeling, vascularization, and lesion migration, is a prevalent ocular surface disease involving the growth of fibrovascular tissue on the cornea. Despite the unclear underlying causes of pterygium, numerous investigations have indicated the involvement of cell death pathways in the regulation of cell cycle dynamics. Consequently, the objective of this study was to assess the expression levels of necroptosis markers in individuals diagnosed with pterygium, aiming to shed light on the potential role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of this condition...

PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) compared to interferon α-2b (IFNα-2b) after surgery in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS: Retrospective study that included patients diagnosed with OSSN, who underwent surgical excision followed by adjuvant therapy with IFN α-2b (Group A) or 5-FU (Group B), in a tertial referral hospital. Clinical data collected included: demographics, risk factors, appearance, size and location of the lesions, slit-lamp examination, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, iconography and histological classification of subtypes of OSSN...

This experiment aimed to investigate the feasibility of cytisine (CYT) in treating eye diseases with ocular topical application. An in vitro cytotoxicity test, a hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM), and a mouse eye tolerance test were used to fully reveal the ocular safety profiles of CYT. For the efficacy evaluations, CYT's effects on cell wound healing, against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress damages on cells, and on benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye disease (DED) in mice were evaluated...

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of EV-A71 (Enterovirus A71) infection on ocular surface and its mechanism. METHODS: AG6 mice aged two to three weeks were randomly divided into control and EV-A71 infected groups. Slit-lamp observation, fluorescein staining, and phenol red thread test were used to assess symptoms of ocular surface at 4 dpi (days post infection). The pathological changes of cornea and lacrimal gland were observed by H&E staining, PAS staining, TUNEL assay, IHC staining and qRT-PCR...

Immunotherapy has renovated the field of oncology. Usually, cancer is treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment that harnesses the patient's own immune system to target cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven to be a promising treatment avenue for managing cancer; however, their use had been associated with a unique spectrum of adverse side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As ICIs become increasingly relevant in cancer management, it is crucial to address these irAEs affecting various systems in the body, including the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, and the eye...

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) modulate the immune response through interactions with innate immune cells. We previously demonstrated that MSCs alleviate ocular autoimmune inflammation by directing BM cell differentiation from pro-inflammatory CD11bhi Ly6Chi Ly6Glo cells into immunosuppressive CD11bmid Ly6Cmid Ly6Glo cells. Herein, we analyzed MSC-induced CD11bmid Ly6Cmid cells using single-cell RNA sequencing and compared them with CD11bhi Ly6Chi cells. Our investigation revealed 7 distinct immune cell types including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the CD11bmid Ly6Cmid cells, while CD11bhi Ly6Chi cells included mostly monocytes/macrophages with a small cluster of neutrophils...

Corneal neuropathic pain (CNP) is a poorly defined disease entity characterised by an aberrant pain response to normally non-painful stimuli and categorised into having peripheral and central mechanisms, with the former responding to instillation of topical anaesthetic. CNP is a challenging condition to diagnose due to numerous aetiologies, an absence of clinical signs and ancillary tests (in vivo confocal microscopy and esthesiometry), lacking the ability to confirm the diagnosis and having limited availability...