keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546587/saccades-to-partially-occluded-objects-perceptual-completion-mediates-oculomotor-control
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael L Paavola, Andrew Hollingworth, Cathleen M Moore
Oculomotor behavior typically consists of directing gaze to objects in complex scenes for the purpose of extracting detailed perceptual information. Here, we probed the nature of the visual representations over which saccades to objects are computed. We contrasted an image-based oculomotor control hypothesis, holding that saccades are computed solely over information explicit in the retinal image, and an object-based oculomotor control hypothesis, holding that saccades are computed over object representations reflecting the three-dimensional structure of the scene...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Vision
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543260/safety-and-tolerability-of-kio-101-eye-drops-in-healthy-volunteers-and-patients-with-ocular-surface-disease-a-phase-i-study
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doreen Schmidl, Nikolaus Hommer, Martin Kallab, Andreas Schlatter, Clemens Nadvornik, Franz Obermayr, Stefan Sperl, Eric J Daniels, Gerhard Garhöfer
PURPOSE: Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) have been found to be potent anti-inflammatory agents. Recently, a topical formulation (KIO-101 eye drops) of a DHODH inhibitor has been developed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of KIO-101 eye drops in Healthy Volunteers (HVs) and patients with conjunctival hyperemia. METHODS: The study was carried out in a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group design with two parts...
March 5, 2024: Pharmaceutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542500/consumption-of-limosilactobacillus-fermentum-inhibits-corneal-damage-and-inflammation-in-dry-eye-disease-mouse-model-through-regulating-the-gut-microbiome
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kippeum Lee, Hyeonjun Gwon, Jae Jung Shim, Joo Yun Kim, Jae Hwan Lee
The present study investigated the effect of orally administered Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) on the relationship between ocular tissue and the microbiome in a corneal injury dry eye mouse model. Specifically, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was applied to the ocular surface for 14 days to induce corneal injury in male Balb/c mice. During the BAC treatment period, HY7302 (1 × 108 CFU/kg/day or 1 × 109 CFU/kg/day) or an omega-3 positive control (400 mg/kg/day) were administered orally ( n = eight/group)...
March 20, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542002/therapeutic-targets-in-the-management-of-dry-eye-disease-associated-with-sj%C3%A3-gren-s-syndrome-an-updated-review-of-current-insights-and-future-perspectives
#4
REVIEW
Abdulmohsen Almulhim
Dry eye disease (DED) is a continuing medical challenge, further worsened in the autoimmune inflammatory hyperactivation milieu of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) due to disturbances to innate and adaptive immunity with malfunctioning neuro-endocrine control. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of SS DED are not fully established. This review summarized the available evidence, from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials, for the efficacy and safety of the available ocular therapeutics for the management of SS DED...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541844/evaluating-glicopro-tear-substitute-derived-from-helix-aspersa-snail-mucus-in-alleviating-severe-dry-eye-disease-a-first-in-human-study-on-corneal-esthesiometry-recovery-and-ocular-pain-relief
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez, José-María Sánchez-González, Giovanni Roberto Tedesco, Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada, Gianluca Murano, Antonio Spinelli, Cosimo Mazzotta, Davide Borroni
Background: To evaluate the effects of 10% GlicoPro tear substitute therapy in patients with severe dry eye disease (DED). Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 30 individuals receiving 10% GlicoPro four times daily for DED were evaluated. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, average non-invasive break-up time (A-NIBUT), non-anesthetic and anesthetic corneal esthesiometry (CE), ocular pain, and the presence of conjunctivochalasis (CCH) were used as clinical endpoints. Treatment compliance using dosing diaries and AEs was assessed...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541819/donor-characteristics-in-graft-detachment-after-posterior-lamellar-keratoplasty-for-fuchs-endothelial-dystrophy-and-bullous-keratopathy
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Cardascia, Flavio Cassano, Valentina Pastore, Maria Gabriella La Tegola, Alessandra Sborgia, Francesco Boscia, Giovanni Alessio
Background: Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) has been widely adopted to treat Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) and Bullous keratopathy (BK). Graft detachment (GD) is one of the common earliest post-operatory complications, and it is usually recovered by Air Rebubbling (ARB). Methods: Retrospectively, we investigated predictive factors related to GD between January 2016 and March 2020, a pre-COVID era, in 72 patients, 72 eyes, and their donors' lamellar characteristics, focusing on donor's cause of death...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541674/cytokines-in-allergic-conjunctivitis-unraveling-their-pathophysiological-roles
#7
REVIEW
DeGaulle I Chigbu, Nicholas J Karbach, Sampson L Abu, Navpreet K Hehar
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the common immune hypersensitivity disorders that affect the ocular system. The clinical manifestations of this condition exhibit variability contingent upon environmental factors, seasonal dynamics, and genetic predisposition. While our comprehension of the pathophysiological engagement of immune and nonimmune cells in the conjunctiva has progressed, the same cannot be asserted for the cytokines mediating this inflammatory cascade. In this review, we proffer a comprehensive description of interleukins 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33, as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), elucidating their pathophysiological roles in mediating the allergic immune responses on the ocular surface...
March 7, 2024: Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537048/the-association-of-pre-photorefractive-keratectomy-schirmer-1-test-value-with-postoperative-corneal-epithelial-thickness-ocular-surface-discomfort-and-visual-acuity
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
İrfan Botan Güneş, Hakan Öztürk, Bediz Özen
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of pre-photorefractive keratectomy Schirmer-1 test value with post-photorefractive keratectomy central corneal epithelial thickness, ocular surface disease index score, and uncorrected distance visual acuity. METHODS: Patients were categorized according to preoperative Schirmer-1 value: the normal Schirmer Group (n=54; Schirmer-1 test value, >10 mm) and the low Schirmer Group (n=52; Schirmer-1 test value, between 6 and 10 mm)...
2024: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537046/evaluation-of-early-ocular-discomfort-after-glaucoma-surgery-trabeculectomy-versus-ahmed-glaucoma-valve-implantation
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ricardo Y Abe, Douglas R Yamamoto, Fernanda Maria Silveira Souto, José Paulo Cabral Vasconcellos, Vital Paulino Costa
PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the initial ocular discomfort symptoms resulting from trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgeries. METHODS: A prospective comparative study was conducted. The evaluation of ocular discomfort employed a questionnaire designed to identify the frequency and severity of distinct symptoms: ocular pain, general discomfort, tearing, foreign body sensation, and burning. This questionnaire was administered prior to surgery as a baseline, and subsequently at 7, 30, and 90 days post-surgery...
2024: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537039/effect-of-upper-eyelid-blepharoplasty-on-the-ocular-surface-tear-film-and-corneal-microstructure
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Orhan Aygun, Yonca Ozkan Arat, Ozlem Dikmetas, Jale Karakaya, Ata Baytaroglu, Murat Irkec
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty with the removal of the skin and a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle on the ocular surface, tear film, and dry eye-related symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 consecutive patients operated by a single surgeon (21 females; mean age, 61 years; age range, 41-75 years) were included. All subjects completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, underwent in vivo confocal microscopy, tear film breakup time measurements, the Schirmer test with anesthesia, and fluorescein and lissamine green staining measurements before, 1 month, and 6 months after upper blepharoplasty alone with preseptal orbicularis excision...
2024: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536466/-practical-instructions-for-recording-vestibular-evoked-myogenic-potentials
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Fröhlich, Lea Babette Löffler
Recording of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) is a well-established method for functional diagnostics of the otolith organs. VEMPs are vestibular reflexes of the sacculus und utriculus to acoustic stimulation by air-conducted sound or bone-conducted vibration and are recorded by surface electrodes from the cervical (cVEMP) and ocular (oVEMP) muscles. The results of VEMP recordings are part of the neuro-otologic test battery and enable diagnosis of various vestibular disorders or differentiation between non-vestibular and peripheral vestibular vertigo...
March 27, 2024: HNO
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534611/thermosensitive-in-situ-gelling-poloxamers-hyaluronic-acid-gels-for-hydrocortisone-ocular-delivery
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fabrizio Villapiano, Teresa Silvestri, Camilla Lo Gatto, Danilo Aleo, Virginia Campani, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Concetta Giancola, Federica D'Aria, Giuseppe De Rosa, Marco Biondi, Laura Mayol
This study endeavored to overcome the physiological barriers hindering optimal bioavailability in ophthalmic therapeutics by devising drug delivery platforms that allow therapeutically effective drug concentrations in ocular tissues for prolonged times. Thermosensitive drug delivery platforms were formulated by blending poloxamers (F68 and F127) with low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) in various concentrations and loaded with hydrocortisone (HC). Among the formulations examined, only three were deemed suitable based on their desirable gelling properties at a temperature close to the eye's surface conditions while also ensuring minimal gelation time for swift ocular application...
March 12, 2024: Gels
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533624/a-review-on-topical-ophthalmic-drug-delivery-system-reference-to-viscosity-enhancer
#13
REVIEW
Pravin Kondiba Pawar, Raju Dubaji Rathod, Satyajeet Ramesh Jagadale
The eye is the most accessible site for topical drug delivery. Drug's ocular bioavailability is quite low when administered topically as eye drops. Viscosity enhancers are used to increase ocular bioavailability by extending the precorneal residence time of the drug at the ocular site. Cellulose, polyalcohol and polyacrylic acid are examples of hydrophilic viscosity enhancers. The addition of viscosity modifiers increases the amount of time the drug is in contact with the ocular surface. Several polysaccharides have been studied as excipients and viscosity boosters for ocular formulations, including cellulose derivatives such as chitosan (CS), xyloglucan and arabinogalactan (methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose)...
March 27, 2024: Polimery W Medycynie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533621/revolutionizing-eye-care-the-game-changing-applications-of-nano-antioxidants-in-ophthalmology
#14
REVIEW
Yuhang Cheng, Shundong Cai, Han Wu, Jintao Pan, Min Su, Xingyuan Wei, Jinfa Ye, Lang Ke, Gang Liu, Chengchao Chu
Since the theory of free radical-induced aging was proposed in 1956, it has been constantly proven that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress play a vital role in the occurrence and progression of eye diseases. However, the inherent limitations of traditional drug therapy hindered the development of ophthalmic disease treatment. In recent years, great achievements have been made in the research of nanomedicine, which promotes the rapid development of safe theranostics in ophthalmology. In this review, we focus on the applications of antioxidant nanomedicine in the treatment of ophthalmology...
March 27, 2024: Nanoscale
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533385/altered-ocular-surface-microbiota-in-obesity-a-case-control-study
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenghong Liang, Limin Wang, Xiudan Wang, Yifan Jia, Qinyuan Xie, Lingyun Zhao, Huijuan Yuan
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the composition of ocular surface microbiota in patients with obesity. METHODS: This case-control study, spanning from November 2020 to March 2021 at Henan Provincial People's Hospital, involved 35 patients with obesity and an equivalent number of age and gender-matched healthy controls. By employing 16S rRNA sequencing, this study analyzed the differences in ocular surface microbiota between the two groups. The functional prediction analysis of the ocular surface microbiota was conducted using PICRUSt2...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532399/octn2-and-atb-0-targeted-nanoemulsions-for-improving-ocular-drug-delivery
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bo Tang, Qiuxiang Wang, Guowei Zhang, Aiwen Zhang, Lu Zhu, Rongrong Zhao, Hongwei Gu, Jie Meng, Junfang Zhang, Guihua Fang
Traditional eye drops are administered via topical instillation. However, frequent dosing is needed due to their relatively rapid precorneal removal and low ocular bioavailability. To address these issues, stearoyl L-carnitine-modified nanoemulsions (SC-NEs) were fabricated. The physicochemical properties of SC-NEs in terms of size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior were characterized. The cellular uptake and mechanisms of SC-NEs were comprehensively studied in human corneal epithelial cells and the stearoyl L-carnitine ratio in SC-NEs was optimized...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528025/investigation-of-the-rhythmic-recruitment-of-tear-neutrophils-to-the-ocular-surface-and-their-phenotypes
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yutong Jin, Ceili Minten, Mara Jenkins, Lyndon Jones, Maud Gorbet
Hundreds of thousands of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are collected from the ocular surface upon waking, while few are harvested during daytime. This study aimed to investigate potential factors contributing to the circadian infiltration of tear PMNs, including changes in IL-8 and C5a in tears, and their phenotypes across different time points in a 24-h cycle. Tear PMNs were collected using a gentle eyewash after 2-h and 7-h of sleep (eye closure, EC) at night, after 2-h EC during the day, and towards the end of the afternoon...
March 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527771/structural-and-functional-changes-of-binocular-corneal-innervation-and-ocular-surface-function-after-unilateral-smile-and-tprk
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianwen Gong, Kaiyan Huang, Kexin Li, Yixuan Tong, Jian Zhao, Hui Wang, Zhiqiang Xu, Meng Lin, Fan Lu, Liang Hu
AIMS: To evaluate the bilateral changes in the sub-basal nerve plexus of the cornea and ocular surface function after unilateral small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) procedures. METHODS: 34 patients were enrolled in the study and underwent unilateral SMILE (21 of 34 patients) or unilateral tPRK (13 of 34 patients). Complete ophthalmic examinations, tear film function tests and Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry were conducted to assess the effects of the surgeries on the corneal nerves and tear function...
March 25, 2024: British Journal of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527183/topical-insulin-for-ocular-surface-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pau Cid-Bertomeu, Magí Vilaltella, Mireia Martínez, Marta Mir, Valentín Huerva
Background: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptors are present in ocular tissues such as corneal epithelium, keratocytes, and conjunctival cells. Insulin plays a crucial role in the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, as well as in wound healing processes in various tissues. Purpose: This review explores the potential role of topical insulin in the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Specifically, it examines its impact on corneal nerve regeneration, sub-basal plexus corneal nerves, and its application in conditions like corneal epithelial defects, dry eye disease, and diabetic keratopathy...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525850/machine-learning-based-prediction-of-tear-osmolarity-for-contact-lens-practice
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Izabela K Garaszczuk, Maria Romanos-Ibanez, Alejandra Consejo
PURPOSE: This study addressed the utilisation of machine learning techniques to estimate tear osmolarity, a clinically significant yet challenging parameter to measure accurately. Elevated tear osmolarity has been observed in contact lens wearers and is associated with contact lens-induced dry eye, a common cause of discomfort leading to discontinuation of lens wear. METHODS: The study explored machine learning, regression and classification techniques to predict tear osmolarity using routine clinical parameters...
March 25, 2024: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
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