keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534984/clinical-research-into-central-nervous-system-inflammatory-demyelinating-diseases-related-to-covid-19-vaccines
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei-Yun Cheng, Hsuan-Chen Ho, Jung-Lung Hsu, Yi Wang, Linyi Chen, Siew-Na Lim, Ming-Feng Liao, Long-Sun Ro
Various vaccines have been developed in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the safety of vaccines has become an important issue. COVID-19 vaccine-related central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs) have been reported recently. We present one case of AstraZeneca vaccine-related myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease and a literature review of another 78 patients published from January 2020 to October 2022. Patients were divided into three vaccine types (viral vector, mRNA, and inactivated vaccines) for further analyses...
March 20, 2024: Diseases (Basel)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533269/analysis-of-national-institutes-of-health-funding-for-the-covid-19-pandemic
#2
Adishesh K Narahari, Taylor M Horgan, Anirudha S Chandrabhatla, D Chris Gist, Paranjay D Patel, Mark A Lantieri, Jeffrey M Sturek, Claire L Davis, Patrick E H Jackson, Taison D Bell
BACKGROUND: Evaluating the National Institute's Health's (NIH's) response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic via grants and clinical trials is crucial to determining the impact they had on aiding US citizens. We determined how the NIH's funding for COVID-19 research was disbursed and used by various institutions across the United States. METHODS: We queried NIH RePORTER and isolated COVID-19-related grants from January 2020 to December 2021. We analyzed grant type, geographical location, and awardee institution...
March 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532605/discovery-of-ten-anti-hiv-hit-compounds-and-preliminary-pharmacological-mechanisms-studies
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yushan Lian, Zhimin Huang, Xinyi Liu, Zhicheng Deng, Dan Gao, Xiaohui Wang
BACKGROUND: The research and development of HIV drugs is very important, but at the same time it is a long cycle and expensive system project. High-throughput drug screening systems and molecular libraries of potential hit compounds remain the main ways for the discovery of hit compounds with anti-HIV activity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to screen out the hit compounds against HIV-1 in the natural product molecule library and the antiviral molecule library, and elucidate the molecular mechanism of their inhibition of HIV-1, so as to provide a new choice for AIDS drug research...
March 26, 2024: Current HIV Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530037/nanodiamonds-a-cutting-edge-approach-to-enhancing-biomedical-therapies-and-diagnostics-in-biosensing
#4
REVIEW
Ali Hyder, Akbar Ali, Jamil A Buledi, Ayaz Ali Memon, Muzaffar Iqbal, Talib Hussain Bangalni, Amber R Solangi, Khalid Hussain Thebo, Javeed Akhtar
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high-pressure, high-temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs' size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs' biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems...
March 26, 2024: Chemical Record: An Official Publication of the Chemical Society of Japan ... [et Al.]
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527455/bacterial-cholesterol-dependent-cytolysins-and-their-interaction-with-the-human-immune-response
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tristan C Sanford, Rodney K Tweten, Hunter L Abrahamsen
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Many cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC)-producing pathogens pose a significant threat to human health. Herein, we review the pore-dependent and -independent properties CDCs possess to assist pathogens in evading the host immune response. RECENT FINDINGS: Within the last 5 years, exciting new research suggests CDCs can act to inhibit important immune functions, disrupt critical cell signaling pathways, and have tissue-specific effects. Additionally, recent studies have identified a key region of CDCs that generates robust immunity, providing resources for the development of CDC-based vaccines...
March 22, 2024: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526550/impact-of-influenza-and-pneumococcal-vaccines-on-hiv-persistence-and-immune-dynamics-during-suppressive-antiretroviral-therapy
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Gianella, Christy Anderson, Antoine Chaillon, Alan Wells, Magali Porrachia, Gemma Caballero, Milenka Vargas, Joseph Lonergan, Brendon Woodworth, Noah Gaitan, Stephen A Rawlings, Leticia Muttera, Liliana Harkness, Susan J Little, Susanne May, Davey Smith
OBJECTIVE: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal). METHODS: :Persons with HIV on ART (N = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial. Blood was collected at baseline and days 2,4,7,14 and 30 postimmunizations...
March 25, 2024: AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515600/health-transformation-toward-universal-healthcare-coverage-amidst-conflict-examining-the-impact-of-international-cooperation-in-niger
#7
Mahamadou Doutchi, Abdoulaye Ghousmane, Fatimata Zampaligre, Bizo Moussa, El Khalef Ishagh, Ouédraogo Talatou Marc, Batouré Oumarou, Mutenda Sheria Kaya, Gbaguidi Aichatou Diawara, Abdoulaye Macire Camara, Seyni Moussa, Kuyangisa Bienvenu, Joseph Toko, Hamidou Harouna, Haladou Moussa, N'Zue Kofi, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Patrick D M C Katoto, Charles S Wiysonge, Blanche-Philomene Melanga Anya
BACKGROUND: Approximately 70% of Sub-Saharan African countries have experienced armed conflicts with significant battle-related fatalities in the past two decades. Niger has witnessed a substantial rise in conflict-affected populations in recent years. In response, international cooperation has aimed to support health transformation in Niger's conflict zones and other conflict-affected areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study seeks to review the available evidence on health interventions facilitated by international cooperation in conflict zones, with a focus on Niger...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514197/worsening-of-health-disparities-across-covid-19-pandemic-stages-in-korea
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-Ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
OBJECTIVES: With the end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the health outcomes of this disease in Korea must be examined. We aimed to investigate health outcomes and disparities linked to socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea and to identify risk factors for hospitalization and mortality. METHODS: This nationwide retrospective study incorporated an analysis of individuals with and without COVID-19 in Korea between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022...
March 13, 2024: Epidemiology and Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507122/a-lightweight-xai-approach-to-cervical-cancer-classification
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier Civit-Masot, Francisco Luna-Perejon, Luis Muñoz-Saavedra, Manuel Domínguez-Morales, Anton Civit
Cervical cancer is caused in the vast majority of cases by the human papilloma virus (HPV) through sexual contact and requires a specific molecular-based analysis to be detected. As an HPV vaccine is available, the incidence of cervical cancer is up to ten times higher in areas without adequate healthcare resources. In recent years, liquid cytology has been used to overcome these shortcomings and perform mass screening. In addition, classifiers based on convolutional neural networks can be developed to help pathologists diagnose the disease...
March 20, 2024: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506986/advancements-in-nanoparticle-characterization
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachael M Crist, Jeffrey D Clogston, Stephan T Stern, Marina A Dobrovolskaia
Nanotechnology for drug delivery has made significant advancements over the last two decades. Innovations have been made in cancer research and development, including chemotherapies, imaging agents, and vaccine strategies, as well as other therapeutic areas, e.g., the recent commercialization of mRNA lipid nanoparticles as vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The field has also seen technological advancements to aid in addressing the complex questions posed by these novel therapies. In this latest edition of protocols and methods for nanoparticle characterization, we highlight both old and new methodologies for defining physicochemical properties, present both in vitro and in vivo methods to test for a variety of immunotoxicities, and describe assays used for pharmacological studies to assess drug release and tissue distribution...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502393/frequencies-of-sars-cov-2-spike-protein-specific-memory-b-cells-in-human-pbmcs-quantified-by-elispot-assay
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilya M Swanson, Iana H Haralambieva, Madeleine M Rasche, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Richard B Kennedy
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with coronavirus vaccines that elicit protective immune responses is critical to the prevention of severe disease and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination will continue to aid in the development of next-generation vaccines. Studies have shown the important role of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for both disease resolution and prevention of COVID-19 serious sequelae following vaccination...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502387/the-applications-of-elispot-in-the-identification-and-treatment-of-various-forms-of-tuberculosis-and-in-the-cancer-immunotherapies
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hemant K Mishra
ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunospot) is a powerful immunological tool for the detection of cytokine-secreting cells at a single-cell resolution. It is widely used for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, and it is also widely used in cancer immunotherapy research. Its ability to distinguish between active and latent forms of tuberculosis makes it an extremely powerful tool for epidemiological studies and contact tracing. In addition to that, it is a very useful tool for the research and development of cancer immunotherapies...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501598/sensitive-detection-of-sars-cov-2-main-protease-3cl-pro-with-an-engineered-ribonuclease-zymogen
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evans C Wralstad, Ronald T Raines
Alongside vaccines and antiviral therapeutics, diagnostic tools are a crucial aid in combating the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the etiological agent SARS-CoV-2. All common assays for infection rely on the detection of viral sub-components, including structural proteins of the virion or fragments of the viral genome. Selective pressure imposed by human intervention of COVID-19 can, however, induce viral mutations that decrease the sensitivity of diagnostic assays based on biomolecular structure, leading to an increase in false-negative results...
April 2024: Protein Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497584/mapping-the-intellectual-structure-and-landscape-of-colorectal-cancer-immunotherapy-a-bibliometric-analysis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qin Ling Ou, Yong Long Chang, Jin Hui Liu, Hai Xia Yan, Lin Zi Chen, Duan Yang Guo, Si Fang Zhang
Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) therapy, stands as an innovative therapeutic approach currently garnering substantial attention in cancer treatment. It has become a focal point of numerous studies, showcasing significant potential in treating malignancies, including lung cancer and melanoma. The objective of this research is to analyze publications regarding immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), investigating their attributes and identifying the current areas of interest and cutting-edge advancements...
December 31, 2024: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497408/novel-methods-for-the-rapid-and-sensitive-detection-of-nipah-virus-based-on-a-crispr-cas12a-system
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xi Yang, Kexin Xu, Siying Li, Jiangnian Zhang, Yinli Xie, Yongliang Lou, Xingxing Xiao
Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic viral pathogen with high infectivity and lethality to humans, has caused severe outbreaks in several countries of Asia during the past two decades. Because of the worldwide distribution of the NiV natural reservoir, fruit bats, and lack of effective treatments or vaccines for NiV, routine surveillance and early detection are the key measures for containing NiV outbreaks and reducing its influence. In this study, we developed two rapid, sensitive and easy-to-conduct methods, RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FQ and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FB, for NiV detection based on a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay and a CRISPR/Cas12a system by utilizing dual-labeled fluorophore-quencher or fluorophore-biotin ssDNA probes...
March 18, 2024: Analyst
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496587/systematic-computer-aided-disulfide-design-as-a-general-strategy-to-stabilize-prefusion-class-i-fusion-proteins
#16
Karen J Gonzalez, Kevin Yim, Jorge Carlos Blanco, Marina S Boukhvalova, Eva-Maria Strauch
Numerous enveloped viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), utilize class I fusion proteins for cell entry. During this process, the proteins transition from a prefusion to a postfusion state, undergoing substantial and irreversible conformational changes. The prefusion conformation has repeatedly shown significant potential in vaccine development. However, the instability of this state poses challenges for its practical application in vaccines. While non-native disulfides have been effective in maintaining the prefusion structure, identifying stabilizing disulfide bonds remains an intricated task...
March 4, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495173/unraveling-the-binding-mechanisms-of-sars-cov-2-variants-through-molecular-simulations
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shin-Pon Ju, Yung-Cheng Yang, Hsing-Yin Chen
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants like Delta (AY.29) and Omicron (EG.5) poses continued challenges for vaccines and therapeutics. Mutations in the viral spike protein are key in altering infectivity and immune evasion. This study uses computational modeling to investigate the molecular binding mechanisms between spike protein variants and the ACE2 host receptor. Using the MARTNI force field, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations and nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations explore spike-ACE2 interactions for the wild type, Delta variant, and Omicron variant...
March 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483878/uptake-of-covid-19-vaccine-among-high-risk-urban-populations-in-southern-thailand-using-the-com-b-model
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charuai Suwanbamrung, Benchawan Srinam, Pakawan Promkool, Warissara Suwannakarn, Sangchom Siripanich, Md Siddikur Rahman, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented suffering on social and individual levels worldwide. Vaccines against COVID-19 have been prioritized as a crucial strategy for ending the pandemic as well as minimizing its consequences. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among high-risk urban populations in Southern Thailand using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model. METHODS: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study in the Hat Yai district, Songkhla province in Southern Thailand, in September and October 2021...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482909/adverse-drug-reaction-profile-of-third-generation-smallpox-vaccines-used-in-france-during-the-2022-monkeypox-epidemic
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audrey Fresse, Nathalie Massy, Dorine Fournier, Sylvine Pinel, Mathilde Beurrier, Marie-Lauren Antoine, Nadine Petitpain, Pierre Gillet
Due to the start of the monkeypox epidemic in 2022, we retrospectively analyzed the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in France after monkeypox vaccinations with the third-generation smallpox vaccine. Ninety-eight cases, representing 172 ADRs, were reported. ADRs were mostly expected reactogenicity reactions occurring within days after the first dose of vaccine and having a quick favorable outcome. Unexpected facial palsy and vaccination failure are discussed.
April 1, 2024: AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482061/mrnaid-an-open-source-platform-for-therapeutic-mrna-design-and-optimization-strategies
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikita Vostrosablin, Shuhui Lim, Pooja Gopal, Kveta Brazdilova, Sushmita Parajuli, Xiaona Wei, Anna Gromek, David Prihoda, Martin Spale, Anja Muzdalo, Jamie Greig, Constance Yeo, Joanna Wardyn, Petr Mejzlik, Brian Henry, Anthony W Partridge, Danny A Bitton
Recent COVID-19 vaccines unleashed the potential of mRNA-based therapeutics. A common bottleneck across mRNA-based therapeutic approaches is the rapid design of mRNA sequences that are translationally efficient, long-lived and non-immunogenic. Currently, an accessible software tool to aid in the design of such high-quality mRNA is lacking. Here, we present mRNAid, an open-source platform for therapeutic mRNA optimization, design and visualization that offers a variety of optimization strategies for sequence and structural features, allowing one to customize desired properties into their mRNA sequence...
March 2024: NAR genomics and bioinformatics
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