Statistical errors in modern medical research

The more active implementation of innovative medical technologies, digital transformation in medical sphere, sanction restrictions resulted in complication of already existed problems in medical law and raised new questions. The necessity in improving medical legislation is obvious. The number of lawsuits concerning medical organizations and medical workers is invariably increasing. Hence request of adoption of normative legal regulations and decisions supporting effective functioning of industry and protection of rights and interests of medical organizations and medical workers...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced substantially in recent years, transforming many industries and improving the way people live and work. In scientific research, AI can enhance the quality and efficiency of data analysis and publication. However, AI has also opened up the possibility of generating high-quality fraudulent papers that are difficult to detect, raising important questions about the integrity of scientific research and the trustworthiness of published papers...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most commonly used system in modern radiotherapy of prostate cancer for daily positioning verification. The use of intraprostatic radiopaque fiducials (FMs) may be added to CBCT. We wanted to investigate the possible advantage of using FMs in daily CBCT repositioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected three CBCTs for each treatment course for 13 patients (seven with and six without use of FMs) treated at our centre...

Medical errors have been identified as one of the greatest evils in the field of healthcare, causing millions of patient deaths around the globe each year, especially in developing and poor countries. Globally, the social, economic, and personal impact of medical errors leads to a multi-trillion USD loss. Undoubtedly, medical errors are serious public health concerns in modern times, which could be mitigated by taking corrective measures. Different factors contribute to an increase in medical errors, including employees' risk of burnout...

Complex biomedical data generated during clinical, omics and mechanism-based experiments have increasingly been exploited through cloud- and visualization-based data mining techniques. However, the scientific community still lacks an easy-to-use web service for the comprehensive visualization of biomedical data, particularly high-quality and publication-ready graphics that allow easy scaling and updatability according to user demands. Therefore, we propose a community-driven modern web service, Hiplot (https://hiplot...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Physician burnout is a growing concern in medical practice with deleterious effects on physician wellbeing and patient outcomes. Multiple studies have shown an association between physician burnout and medical errors, lower patient satisfaction, and decreased professional work effort. The presence of burnout in oncology is well documented, however it is unclear if burnout affects gender and racial subgroups similarly in academic oncology. MATERIALS/METHODS: We obtained Faculty Burnout data from a survey conducted between 2017-2020 by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)...

Obesity is considered to be one of the primary health risks in modern industrialized societies. Estimating the evolution of its prevalence over time is an essential element of public health reporting. This requires the application of suitable statistical methods on epidemiologic data with substantial local detail. Generalized linear-mixed models with medical treatment records as covariates mark a powerful combination for this purpose. However, the task is methodologically challenging. Disease frequencies are subject to both regional and temporal heterogeneity...

BACKGROUND: Statistical analysis, which has become an integral part of evidence-based medicine, relies heavily on data quality that is of critical importance in modern clinical research. Input data are not only at risk of being falsified or fabricated, but also of being mishandled by investigators. OBJECTIVE: The urgent need to assure the highest data quality possible has led to the implementation of various auditing strategies designed to monitor clinical trials and detect errors of different origin that frequently occur in the field...

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of this article is to expose the essence of the concept of the human right to life, including in the content of this right, the duty of the state to maintain and develop general conditions for a dignified human life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The article explores the modern concept of understanding the human right to life. The article analyzes the constitutions, other regulations, as well as the experience of different countries in the world on this issue (in particular, the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, USA)...

Despite attempts of improving actual system of morbidity and mortality accounting, the study research established significant real data distortion. These differences do not allow to assess in fullness complete picture of actual morbidity and mortality. Hence, improvement of approaches to increasing efficiency of indices data registration. The study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the bases of medical organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The study assessed quality of encoding of morbidity of 28 061 case histories/out-patient records...

A major bottleneck in developing clinically impactful machine learning models is a lack of labeled training data for model supervision. Thus, medical researchers increasingly turn to weaker, noisier sources of supervision, such as leveraging extractions from unstructured text reports to supervise image classification. A key challenge in weak supervision is combining sources of information that may differ in quality and have correlated errors. Recently, a statistical theory of weak supervision called data programming has shown promise in addressing this challenge...

This paper focuses on the criticism of tuberculosis statistics published by the Japanese Government-general in colonial Korea and a research on the reality of tuberculosis prevalence by medical doctors from the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at Keijo Imperial University (DHPMK). Recent studies have shown that colonial statistics shape the image of colonial subjects and justify the control to them. Following this perspective, this paper explores the process of producing the statistical knowledge of tuberculosis by medical scientists from DHPMK...

INTRODUCTION: Severe limb ischaemia (SLI) is the end stage of peripheral arterial occlusive disease where the viability of the limb is threatened. Around 25% of patients with SLI will ultimately require a major lower limb amputation, which has a substantial adverse impact on quality of life. A newly established rapid-access vascular limb salvage clinic and modern revascularisation techniques may reduce amputation rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the 12-month amputation rate in a contemporary cohort of patients and compare this to a historical cohort...

Since a concept of Evidence-based Medicine appeared in medical field in 1991, modern medical treatment have been remarkably changed.However, delusive belief of EBM without criticism has brought negative aspect, such as utilization of EBM by companies as a tool of promotion of drug or medical device.Although most of clinical trials were financially supported by drug companies. result of clinical trial does not always ended in favor of test drug or device. When negative results appeared, various way were taken by industry such as usage of SPIN, emphasizing secondary endpoint...

Since a concept of Evidence-based Medicine appeared in medical field in 1991, modern medical treatment have been remarkably changed.However, delusive belief of EBM without criticism has brought negative aspect, such as utilization of EBM by companies as a tool of promotion of drug or medical device.Although most of clinical trials were financially supported by drug companies. result of clinical trial does not always ended in favor of test drug or device. When negative results appeared, various way were taken by industry such as usage of SPIN, emphasizing secondary endpoint...

Modeling is an integral component of modern biology. In this chapter we look into the role of the model, as it pertains to Systems Medicine, and the software that is required to instantiate and run it. We do this by comparing the development, implementation, and characteristics of tools that have been developed to work with two divergent methodologies: Systems Biology and Pharmacometrics. From the Systems Biology perspective we consider the concept of "Software as a Medical Device" and what this may imply for the migration of research-oriented, simulation software into the domain of human health...

Studies based on databases, medical records and registers are used extensively today in epidemiological research. Despite the increasing use, no developed methodological literature on use and evaluation of population-based registers is available, even though data collection in register-based studies differs from researcher-collected data, all persons in a population are available and traditional statistical analyses focusing on sampling error as the main source of uncertainty may not be relevant. We present the main strengths and limitations of register-based studies, biases especially important in register-based studies and methods for evaluating completeness and validity of registers...

Stratified matched-pair studies are often designed for adjusting stratification factors in modern medical researches. This article investigates a homogeneity test of differences between two correlated proportions in stratified matched-pair studies. We propose three test procedures, including an asymptotic test, bootstrap test, and multiple comparison procedures, and determine sample size requirements for such tests in a stratified matched-pair study. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the three test procedures and the accuracy of our derived sample size formulas...

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer disease can lead to serious complications including massive hemorrhage or bowel perforation. The modern treatment of peptic ulcer disease has transitioned from the control of gastric acid secretion to include antibiotic therapy in light of the identification of Helicobacter pylori as a causative infectious organism. We sought to determine trends related to this discovery by using a national database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient discharges with peptic ulcer disease and associated sequelae were queried from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993 to 2007, under the auspices of a data user agreement...

BACKGROUND: Medication safety research and clinical pharmacy practice today is primarily focused on managing preventable adverse drug events (pADEs). Determinants of both pADEs and non-preventable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been identified. However, relatively little is known on the overlap between these determinants and the balance of preventable and non-preventable harm inpatients experience in modern computerized hospitals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of pADEs and non-preventable ADRs as well as the determinants, including multimorbidity, of these ADEs, i...