Hui Lin, Frank Geurts, Luise Hassler, Daniel Batlle, Katrina M Mirabito Colafella, Kate M Denton, Jia L Zhuo, Xiao C Li, Nirupama Ramkumar, Masahiro Koizumi, Taiji Matsusaka, Akira Nishiyama, Martin J Hoogduijn, Ewout J Hoorn, A H Jan Danser
The concept of local formation of angiotensin II in the kidney has changed over the last 10-15 years. Local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule has been proposed, combined with prorenin synthesis in the collecting duct. Binding of prorenin via the so-called (pro)renin receptor has been introduced, as well as megalin-mediated uptake of filtered plasma-derived renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Moreover, angiotensin metabolites other than angiotensin II [notably angiotensin-(1-7)] exist, and angiotensins exert their effects via three different receptors, of which angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors are considered renoprotective, possibly in a sex-specific manner, whereas angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 ) receptors are believed to be deleterious...
July 2022: Pharmacological Reviews