Duathlon

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the kinesio tape immediately after its application and after a duathlon competition on calf pain and the ankle range of motion in duathletes. A sample of 28 duathletes (age 29.11 ± 10.35 years; body height 172.57 ± 6.17 cm; body mass 66.63 ± 9.01 kg; body mass index 22.29 ± 2.00 kg/m(2)) were recruited from the competitors in a duathlon sprint. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion measures were obtained at baseline, immediately after taping and 10 to 15 minutes after ending the duathlon competition...

It has been consistently shown that circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-10 increase remarkably following endurance exercise longer than 2 h such as marathon and triathlon races. However, no studies have compared changes in the plasma and urinary levels of these cytokines after endurance exercise, including the recovery period. In the present study, we investigated kinetic changes in the urinary excretion of cytokines following endurance exercise up to 3 h after exercise to evaluate the magnitude of change in comparison to the plasma levels and to explore the possible biological significance and the mechanisms of cytokine dynamics following exercise...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Training transfer as an enduring, multilateral, and practically important problem encompasses a large body of research findings and experience, which characterize the process by which improving performance in certain exercises/tasks can affect the performance in alternative exercises or motor tasks. This problem is of paramount importance for the theory of training and for all aspects of its application in practice. Ultimately, training transfer determines how useful or useless each given exercise is for the targeted athletic performance...

The T-cell subset Th17 is induced partly by interleukin (IL)-6 and activated by IL-23, and produces a proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. Since IL-6 increases dramatically following long-lasting endurance exercise, this response may also stimulate the induction of IL-17 and IL-23 after exercise. The aim of this study was to clarify the dynamics of IL-17 in association with endurance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses. Fourteen male triathletes participated in a duathlon race consisting of 5 km of running, 40 km of cycling and 5 km of running...

The differences in gender- and the age-related changes in triathlon (i.e., swimming, cycling, and running) performances have been previously investigated, but data are missing for duathlon (i.e., running, cycling, and running). We investigated the participation and performance trends and the gender difference and the age-related decline in performance, at the "Powerman Zofingen" long-distance duathlon (10-km run, 150-km cycle, and 30-km run) from 2002 to 2011. During this period, there were 2,236 finishers (272 women and 1,964 men, respectively)...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of short-term dietary changes on metabolism and duathlon performance. METHODS: Eleven men underwent a high-fat (HF; >65% fat from energy) or a high-carbohydrate (CHO; HC) diet (>60% CHO from energy). Energy intake was individualized, and commercially available foods were prepared and packaged for each participant 48 hr before they completed a laboratory-based duathlon (5-km run, 30 km cycling, and 10-km run). Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 hr after the duathlon for determination of glucose, insulin, and glucagon...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biochemical effects of carbohydrate supplementation in a simulated competition of short terrestrial duathlon. Ten duathletes participated in a simulated competition of short terrestrial duathlon 30 minutes after the ingestion of a 6% (30 g/500 ml) maltodextrin solution (MALT) or a placebo (PLA). This solution was also ingested every 15 minutes during the competition (12 g/200 ml); and immediately after the competition (18 g/300 ml). Samples of blood were collected at 3 time points: 1) at rest 1 hour before the beginning of the competition; 2) during the competition (approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes after the 1st collection); 3) immediately after the competition...

We describe the case of a 27-year-old woman with adjustment disorder, disturbances of other feelings such as fear, depression, worries, anxiety and anger due to various burdens such as conflict with boyfriend and unclear job situation (ICD-10 f4323); furthermore, a status after intoxication with sleeping pills (ICD-10 X61) due to a difficult family situation. Regular endurance training helped the young woman to get over her serious life crisis and start a new life without psychiatrist and psychopharmaca. Thanks to progressively increasing running training, the patient was able to run a half-marathon in her first training year and aims for marathon and Powerman-Duathlon in the future...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological, metabolic and performance responses to duathlon performance under a range of ambient temperatures. Ten male recreational athletes performed three self-paced duathlon time trials consisting of a 5 km run (R1), a 30 km cycle and a 5 km run (R2) at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 50%. Performance times, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), core temperature (Tc) and skin temperature (Tsk) were measured every kilometre...

The present controlled-training double-blind study (supplemented (S) group, n 7; placebo (P) group, n 10) was designed to investigate whether an antioxidant mixture (Se 150 microg, retinyl acetate mg, ascorbic acid 120 mg, alpha-tocopheryl succinate 20 mg) would allow overloaded triathletes to avoid adaptation failure in the antioxidant system [corrected]. Dietary intakes were recorded. The supplement of Se, and vitamins A and E provided 100 % of the French RDA. Four weeks of overloaded training (OT) followed 4 weeks of normal training (NT)...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the variability of the energy cost of running (Cr) during a simulated duathlon performed in outdoor conditions by elite duathletes. This duathlon consisted of 5 km of running, 30 km of cycling, and 5 km of running. The main result was the lack of significant difference in Cr between the two running bouts (210 +/- 10 mL d'O2.km-1.kg-1 vs. 217 +/- 10 mL d'O2.km-1.kg-1). This result is different from those observed during a triathlon, where an increase of energy cost of running bout has been reported...

We have determined the effects of chronic vitamin C intake on neutrophil and lymphocyte antioxidant defences during the acute phase immune response induced by intense exercise. Blood samples were taken from 16 voluntary athletes in basal conditions, both immediately after and 1 h after a duathlon competition. Sportsmen's nutrient intakes were determined before the competition. After determining the basal plasmatic ascorbate levels, the results were analysed taking into account the vitamin C intake and their plasmatic levels...

We hypothesized that overloaded training (OT) in triathlon would induce oxidative stress and damage on muscle and DNA. Nine male triathletes and 6 male sedentary subjects participated in this study. Before and after a 4-week OT, triathletes exercised for a duathlon. Blood ratio of reduced vs. oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), leukocyte DNA damage, creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB mass in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured before and after OT in pre- and postexercise situations...

We determined the effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and on plasma antioxidants during athletic competition and short-term recovery. Blood samples were taken from 16 volunteer endurance athletes, participating in a duathlon competition, under basal conditions and both immediately and 1 h after the competition. The results were analysed taking into account the individual vitamin C intake and the plasma levels. Athletes were assigned to either the vitamin C-supplemented or control groups ( n=8 each)...

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The present controlled-training, double-blind study (supplemented, n = 7; placebo, n = 9) investigated whether taper training (TT) and antioxidant supplementation, i.e., 150 micro g of selenium, 2000 IU of retinol, 120 mg of ascorbic acid and 30 IU of alpha-tocopherol, modulates antioxidant potential, redox status and oxidative damage occurrence both at rest and in response to exercise. Two weeks of TT followed four weeks of overloaded training. Dietary intakes were recorded...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the cycle-run and run-cycle successions of the triathlon and duathlon, respectively, on respiratory muscle strength and endurance. METHODS: Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory (P(Imax)) and expiratory (P(Emax)) pressures. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed by measuring the time limit (T(lim)). Twelve triathletes participated in a three-trial protocol. The first trial consisted of an incremental cycle test to assess the maximal oxygen uptake (...

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of this study was to test the effects of a duathlon competition on running economy. METHODS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: University. PARTICIPANTS: nine male and six female physical education students, which mean (SEM) age was 24.0 (1.3) years. MEASURES: Subjects participated in two competitive duathlons: D1 and D2 (5 km running + 16 km cycling + 2 km running)...

It is perceived that, during the triathlon or duathlon, cycling with a steep (> 76 degrees) rather than a shallow (< 76 degrees ) frame geometry might attenuate the fatigue associated with progression from the cycle to run disciplines and improve subsequent 10-km running performance. This is based on anecdotal testimony from athletes purporting to have experienced improved performance; no empirical evidence exists. To evaluate this view, eight male triathletes completed a counterbalanced, 40-km cycle ride at two frame geometries (73 degrees and 81 degrees) at approximately 70% VO2peak...

We have determined "in vivo" the influence of strenuous prolonged exercise and short-term recovery on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. We have also determined the "in vitro" effects of the xanthine/xanthine-oxidase-generating superoxide anion system on catalase activity in haemolysed erythrocytes. Haematological parameters and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases and catalase activities were measured in nine healthy duathlon athletes under basal conditions, at the finish of a competition and after 1 h of recovery...