Tibia geometry

Our objective was to characterize bone outcomes in adolescent and young adult women with atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) compared to typical AN and normal-weight healthy controls (HC) based on DSM-5 criteria. Four hundred thirty-two participants (141 AN, 131 AAN and 160 HC), ages 12-21 years, underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for areal BMD, and a subset had high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT assessment of the distal radius and tibia for volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone geometry and microarchitecture, and microfinite element analysis for estimated strength...

Zirconium-89-labeled monoclonal antibodies and other large macromolecules such as nanoparticles hold great promise as positron emission tomography imaging agents. In general, zirconium-89 is an ideal radionuclide for long-circulating vectors such as antibodies or nanoparticles. It is also a promising radionuclide for theranostic radiopharmaceuticals due to its suitable match in half-life with actinium-225, thorium-227, lutetium-177, and others. As such, demand for new and optimized bifunctional chelators for zirconium-89 continues to grow...

The skeletal system of young animals undergoes a series of intensive and rapid changes. In this study, we aimed to verify the hypothesis that geese exhibit a distinct pattern of bone growth compared to gallinaceous species. Specifically, we hypothesised that geese would experience an accelerated growth rate in the humerus bone, which can be attributed to the increased wing mobility facilitated by their rearing in free-range systems. This need for access to both ground and water environments contributes to the unique demands placed on their skeletal development...

OBJECTIVE: To determine mechanisms contributing to impaired bone health in youth 24 months following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). DESIGN: 24-month longitudinal observational study. METHODS: Participants included 23 youth undergoing SG and 30 non-surgical controls (NS) 13-25 years old with moderate-to-severe obesity. Subjects underwent fasting labs for bone turnover markers (N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, C-telopeptide (CTX), sex hormones, enteric peptides, DXA for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition, high resolution peripheral quantitative CT for volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the distal radius and tibia, and microfinite element analysis for strength estimates...

Mechanical environment plays a crucial role in regulating bone regeneration in bone defects. Assessing the mechanobiological behavior of patient-specific orthopedic scaffolds in-silico could help guide optimal scaffold designs, as well as intra- and post-operative strategies to enhance bone regeneration and improve implant longevity. Additively manufactured porous scaffolds, and specifically triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), have shown promising structural properties to act as bone substitutes, yet their ability to induce mechanobiologially-driven bone regeneration has not been elucidated...

PURPOSE: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with catabolic effects at both trabecular and cortical bone. Mechanical loading is one of the most important natural anabolic stimuli for bone at all ages. The present study was designed to assess the impact of PHPT on vBMD and bone geometry using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the radius and tibia, sites with similar structural characteristics, but subject to different loading conditions. METHODS: We evaluated the impact of PHPT on bone, by comparing the z-scores of volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) and indices of bone geometry simultaneously at the tibia and the radius by pQCT, skeletal sites with similar structure, but subject to different loading conditions...

The current study aims to simulate fatigue microdamage accumulation in glycated cortical bone with increased advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using a phase field fatigue framework. We link the material degradation in the fracture toughness of cortical bone to the high levels of AGEs in this tissue. We simulate fatigue fracture in 2D models of cortical bone microstructure extracted from human tibias. The results present that the mismatch between the critical energy release rate of microstructural features (e...

A primary function of the skeleton is to resist the loads imparted by body weight. Genetic analyses have identified genomic regions that contribute to differences in skeletal load resistance between laboratory strains of mice, but these studies are usually restricted to one or two bones and leave open the question of how load resistance evolves in natural populations. To address these challenges, we examined the genetics of bone structure using the largest wild house mice on record, which live on Gough Island (GI)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orthodontic miniscrew pitch and thread shape on microdamage in cortical bone. The relationship between the microdamage and primary stability was also examined. METHODS: Ti6Al4V orthodontic miniscrews and 1.0-mm-thick cortical bone pieces from fresh porcine tibia were prepared. The orthodontic miniscrews had custom-made thread height (H) and pitch (P) size geometries, and were classified into three groups: control geometry; HC PC (HC ; thread height = 0...

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher fracture risk compared to those without T2DM despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, T2DM may alter other aspects of resistance to fracture beyond BMD such as bone geometry, microarchitecture, and tissue material properties. We characterized the skeletal phenotype and assessed the effects of hyperglycemia on bone tissue mechanical and compositional properties in the TallyHO mouse model of early-onset T2DM using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy...

Background One of the most frequent long bone fractures that most orthopaedic surgeons see is a tibial diaphyseal fracture. The tibia has more open fractures than any other major long bone because it is covered by skin for the majority of its length. The best course of therapy is still up for debate due to the high occurrence of comorbidities linked to these fractures. Materials and methods In this prospective study, 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics of Shri B...

This study's objective was to investigate how contractile strength loss associated with a volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury affects the adjacent tibial bone structural and functional properties in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomized into one of two experimental groups: VML-injured mice that were injured at age 12 weeks and aged to 20 weeks (8-weeks post-injury, VML) and 20-week old age-matched uninjured mice (Uninjured-20). Tibial bone strength, mid-diaphysis cortical geometry, intrinsic material properties, and metaphyseal trabecular bone structure were assessed by three-point bending and micro-computed tomography (µCT)...

Introduction: Features of lower limb bone geometry are associated with movement kinematics and clinical outcomes including fractures and osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is important to identify their determinants. Lower limb geometry changes dramatically during development, partly due to adaptation to the forces experienced during physical activity. However, the effects of adulthood physical activity on lower limb geometry, and subsequent associations with muscle function are relatively unexplored. Methods: 43 adult males were recruited; 10 young (20-35 years) trained i...

UNLABELLED: Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a hereditary bone disease that is grouped into PHO autosomal recessive 1 (PHOAR1) and PHO autosomal recessive 2 (PHOAR2) due to different causative genes. Data comparing bone microstructure between the two subtypes are scarce. This is the first study to find that PHOAR1 patients had inferior bone microstructure compared with PHOAR2 patients. PURPOSE: The primary goal of this study was to assess bone microarchitecture and strength in PHOAR1 and PHOAR2 patients and to compare them with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs)...

Females are up to four times more likely to sustain a stress fracture than males. Our previous work, using statistical appearance modeling in combination with the finite element method, suggested that sex-related differences in tibial geometry may increase bone strain in females. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate these findings, by quantifying sex-related differences in tibia-fibula bone geometry, density, and finite element-predicted bone strain in a new cohort of young physically active adults...

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the association of tibiofemoral bony and soft tissue geometry and knee laxity with risk of first-time noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. PURPOSE: To determine associations of tibiofemoral geometry and anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity with risk of first-time noncontact ACL injury in high school and collegiate athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Over a 4-year period, noncontact ACL injury events were identified as they occurred in 86 high school and collegiate athletes (59 female, 27 male)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The conical stemmed design of the tibial component for total ankle replacement (TAR) (example Mobility design) uses a single intramedullary stem for primary fixation. Tibial component loosening is a common mode of failure for TAR. Primary causes of loosening are lack of bone ingrowth due to excessive micromotion at the implant-bone interface and bone resorption due to stress shielding after implantation. The fixation feature of the conical stemmed design can be modified with the addition of small pegs to avoid loosening...

OBJECTIVE:  The main aim of this study is to compare the impact of six proximal tibial osteotomies on the geometry and alignment of tibias with and without excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA). STUDY DESIGN:  Mediolateral radiographs of 30 canine tibias were divided into three groups ( n  = 10/group): moderate TPA (≤34 degrees), severe TPA (34.1-44 degrees) and extreme TPA (>44 degrees). Six proximal tibial osteotomies were simulated on each tibia using orthopaedic planning software: cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO), modified CCWO (mCCWO), isosceles CCWO (iCCWO), neutral isosceles CCWO (niCCWO), tibial plateau levelling osteotomy with CCWO (TPLO/CCWO) and coplanar centre of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (coCBLO)...

INTRODUCTION: The bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) provides a bone-relevant index of physical activity participation according to the mechanical loads experienced across the life span. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We aimed to examine relationships between historical bone-relevant physical activity and pQCT-derived parameters of bone strength. We recruited 532 healthy volunteers (277 males, 255 females) across a broad age range (4-97 years). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (XCT-3000, Stratec, Germany) was used to examine volumetric bone density, area, and strength indices of the non-dominant tibia and radius...

Despite higher bone mineral density (BMD), women with obesity are at an increased risk of fracture compared to normal-weight women. Optimal adolescent bone accrual is critical for normal peak bone mass acquisition and future bone health. Whereas several studies have examined the impact of low body weight on bone accrual in youth, data are lacking regarding the impact of obesity on bone accrual. We examined bone accrual over one year in young women with moderate to severe obesity (OB) (n = 21) versus normal-weight controls (NWC) (n = 50)...