Spinal nerve damage

Neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds can induce a type of delayed neuropathy in humans and sensitive animals, known as organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). OPIDN is characterized by axonal degeneration akin to Wallerian-like degeneration, which is thought to be caused by increased intra-axonal Ca2+ concentrations. This study was designed to investigate that deregulated cytosolic Ca2+ may function downstream of mitodysfunction in activating Wallerian-like degeneration and necroptosis in OPIDN...

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable neurological disease in which functions cannot be permanently restored due to nerve damage. Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for neuroregeneration after SCI. However, experimental evidence of its therapeutic effect in SCI is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplanted cells using stepwise combined cell therapy with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neuron progenitor cells (iMNP) in a rat model of SCI...

Cerebrovascular accidents, also known as strokes, represent a major global public health challenge and contribute to substantial mortality, disability, and socioeconomic burden. Multidisciplinary approaches for poststroke therapies are crucial for recovering lost functions and adapting to new limitations. This review discusses the potential of neuromodulation techniques, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation, spinal cord stimulation (SCS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), as innovative strategies for facilitating poststroke recovery...

BACKGROUND: BMSC-secreted exosomes (BMSC-Exos) have shown potential for promoting behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its role in blocking astrocyte activation remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether BMSC-Exos impair the function of astrocytes following SCI in mice and to seek the mechanism. METHODS: BMSC-Exos were collected by ultracentrifugation and identified. The SCI mice were developed by laminectomy combined with spinal cord shock, followed by BMSC-Exos or nerve growth factor (positive control) treatment...

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various aspects, but its effect on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN remains barely reported. This study showed that taurine significantly ameliorated axonal damage of spinal cord (SC), based on morphological and functional analyses, in a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin (STZ)...

Modulation or stimulation of the nerves supplying the lower urinary tract is a possible treatment option for dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, pelvic floor and rectum if conservative or minimally invasive treatment approaches fail. This overview shows the possibilities and limitations of sacral neuromodulation, sacral deafferentation with sacral anterior root stimulation and conus deafferentation.Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a procedure for the treatment of refractory pelvic floor dysfunction of various origins (idiopathic, neurogenic or post-operative), such as overactive bladder, non-obstructive retention and faecal incontinence...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of neuropathic pain is progressively increasing over time. The activation of M1-type microglia plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of neuropathic pain. Huangqin Decoction (HQD) is traditionally used to alleviate dysentery and abdominal pain. However, it remains unclear whether HQD can effectively mitigate neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanisms. PURPOSE: The present study aims to investigate the impact of HQD on neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in mice, and to elucidate whether the analgesic effect of HQD is associated with microglia polarization...

PURPOSE: Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol which has a very low bioavailability but whose antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Previously, we reported the oral administration of resveratrol nanoparticles (RNs) elicited a neuroprotective effect in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, at significantly lower doses than unconjugated resveratrol (RSV) due to enhanced bioavailability...

Despite significant progress in modern medicine and pharmacology, damage to the nervous system with various etiologies still poses a challenge to doctors and scientists. Injuries lead to neuroimmunological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in both secondary damage and the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. In our review, based on the analysis of many experimental and clinical studies, we indicate that the mechanisms occurring both at the level of the brain after direct damage and at the level of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve damage have a common immunological basis...

Physiological pain serves as a warning of exposure to danger and prompts us to withdraw from noxious stimuli to prevent tissue damage. Pain can also alert us of an infection or organ dysfunction and aids in locating such malfunction. However, there are instances where pain is purely pathological, such as unresolved pain following an inflammation or injury to the nervous system, and this can be debilitating and persistent. We now appreciate that immune cells are integral to both physiological and pathological pain, and that pain, in consequence, is not strictly a neuronal phenomenon...

Introduction: A practical solution to the incidental unreliability of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) may be the simultaneous neurophysiological recording and control of the surgical field through a camera (the concept of "Real-time" IONM). During "Real-time" IONM, the surgeon is immediately warned about the possibility of damage to the neural structures during, but not after, standard idiopathic scoliosis (IS) corrective surgery procedures (the concept of "Surgeon-neurophysiologist" interactive, verbal IONM)...

Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed...

OBJECTIVE: On 6 February 2023, 2 earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 mW occurred in Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province (Turkey) and affected 11 provinces in total, especially Hatay, Malatya, and Adıyaman. Here, we report 3 earthquake victims in order to define patients profiles. CASE REPORTS: Three patients who were taken to the orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation program in our inpatient Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation unit after the earthquake are presented...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to a severe permanent disability. A poor inflammatory microenvironment and nerve electric signal conduction block are the main reasons for difficulty in spinal cord nerve regeneration. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) were integrated into methacrylate-modified silk fibroin (SF) to construct a bifunctional injectable hydrogel (SF/BP/GA) with appropriate conductivity and the ability to inhibit inflammation to promote neuronal regeneration after SCI...

Translation fracture of the lumbar spine is a rare but serious condition that necessitates prompt medical attention. This injury can cause nerve damage, spinal cord compression, and other complications that can affect motor function. The motoric outcomes of this fracture type depend on a variety of factors, including the severity and location of the fracture, the age and general health of the patient, and the timeliness and effectiveness of treatment. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of these injuries is important to prevent further neurological damage and improve motoric outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: Compared with traditional open surgery, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and less postoperative pain, so it has been widely used in the field of spinal surgery. However, it still has the defect of intraoperative fluoroscopy occurrences, complications, and even the risk of damage to the spinal cord and nerve. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of modified percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (MPEID) with percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) in treating L4/5 lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of MPEID...

Native vertebral osteomyelitis, also termed spondylodiscitis, is an antibiotic-resistant disease that requires long-term treatment. Without proper treatment, NVO can lead to severe nerve damage or even death. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose the cause of NVO, especially in spontaneous cases. Infectious NVO is characterized by the involvement of 2 adjacent vertebrae and intervertebral discs, and common infectious agents include Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella abortus, and fungi...

Background: Endoscopic spine surgery represents a significant advancement in the minimally invasive treatment of spinal disorders, promising reduced surgical invasiveness while aiming to maintain or improve clinical outcomes. This study undertakes a comprehensive review of the literature on endoscopic spine surgery, with a particular focus on cataloging and analyzing the range of complications, from common postoperative issues to more severe, casuistic outcomes like dural tears and nerve damage. Methods: Our methodology encompassed a detailed review of meta-analyses, prospective randomized trials, cohort studies, and case reports to capture a broad spectrum of complications associated with endoscopic spine techniques...

PURPOSE: Motor neuron disease (MND) causes damage to the upper and lower motor neurons including the motor cranial nerves, the latter resulting in bulbar involvement with atrophy of the tongue muscle. To measure tongue atrophy, an operator independent automatic segmentation of the tongue is crucial. The aim of this study was to apply convolutional neural network (CNN) to MRI data in order to determine the volume of the tongue. METHODS: A single triplanar CNN of U-Net architecture trained on axial, coronal, and sagittal planes was used for the segmentation of the tongue in MRI scans of the head...

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOMN) has become a standard practice in the detection and prevention of nerve damage and postoperative deficit. While multicenter studies have addressed this inquiry, there have been no systematic reviews to date. This systematic review identifies the leading causes of IONM alerts during adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgeries. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase...