Uwe Wollina, Alberto Goldman, Hristina Kocic, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Danica Bogdanovic, Ivana Kostić Kokić
Importance: Nonanimal cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are among the most versatile tools in minimal invasive esthetic medicine. Filler injections aim to volumize, provide contour, and reduce wrinkles and skinfolds. In the hand of the experienced user, HA fillers have an excellent safety profile. Nevertheless, adverse events have been reported related to poor injection techniques, infection, and immune reactions. Observations: In this review, the focus is on filler impurities. Impurities can originate from the fermentation process, crosslinking, packaging, and contamination...
February 22, 2024: Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine