LH surge

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cycle characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using fixed versus degressive doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in conjunction with letrozole (LE) in infertile women by propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary-care academic medical center. POPULATION: A total of 3173 infertile women undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment within the period from January 2017 to December 2020...

Evidence suggests that estradiol-sensing preoptic area GABA neurons are involved in the preovulatory surge mechanism necessary for ovulation. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 editing was used to achieve a 60-70% knockdown in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) expression by GABA neurons located within the regions of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and medial preoptic nuclei (MPN) in adult female mice. Mice exhibited variable reproductive phenotypes with the only significant finding being mice with bilateral ESR1 deletion in RP3V GABA neurons having reduced cFos expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons at the time of the surge...

OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional and preliminary longitudinal findings suggest that cyclical ovarian hormone fluctuations influence acute suicide risk. The authors provide the first analyses in females with suicidality to investigate which daily symptoms covary with suicidal ideation and planning thoughts, the role of the menstrual cycle in daily symptom variation, how daily fluctuations in symptoms mediate the menstrual cycle-suicidality relationship, and how these associations vary across individuals...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol versus the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol in ovarian stimulation. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 804 patients who were treated between January 1st , 2022, and July 1st , 2023. Outcomes of ovarian stimulation were compared between the PPOS (n = 206) and GnRH-ant (n = 598). The primary outcome was the number of good cleavage embryos...

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of the use of progesterone on embryo morphokinetics and on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. DESIGN: Cohort study SETTING: Private university-affiliated in vitro fertilization center. PATIENTS: The study included 236 freeze-all ICSI cycles and the resultant 2,768 injected oocytes cultured in a time-lapse imaging (TLI) incubation system. Patients were matched by age and divided into groups depending on the protocol used to prevent the LH surge: progestin-primed (n=144 cycles and 1,360 embryos) and GnRH-antagonist group (n=144 cycles and 1,408 embryos)...

BACKGROUND: Currently, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are used to prevent premature ovulation in ART cycles. However, their costs remain high, the route of administration is invasive and has some adverse effects. Oral progestogens could be cheaper and effective to prevent a premature LH surge. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using progestogens to avoid spontaneous ovulation in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)...

OBJECTIVE:  Recurrent miscarriage has been linked to hormonal disturbance due to dysregulation of its receptors rather than to the availability of the hormone. We aimed to investigate endometrial expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in relation to serum and endometrial hormonal levels in unexplained recurrent miscarriage. METHODS:  The present case control study included 20 cases with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 20 parous women as controls...

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse and surge are considered to be generated by arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) kisspeptin neurons, respectively, in female rodents. The majority of KNDy and AVPV kisspeptin neurons express κ-opioid receptors (KORs, encoded by Oprk1) in female rodents. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a conditional Oprk1-dependent Kiss1 deletion in kisspeptin neurons on the luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse/surge and fertility using Kiss1-floxed/Oprk1-Cre rats, in which Kiss1 was deleted in cells expressing or once expressed the Oprk1/Cre...

The timing of puberty onset is reliant on increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This elicits a corresponding increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) due to a lessening of sensitivity to the inhibitory actions of estradiol (E2). The mechanisms underlying the increase in GnRH release likely involve a subset of neurons within the arcuate (ARC) nucleus of the hypothalamus that contain kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (KNDy neurons). We aimed to determine if KNDy neurons in female sheep are critical for: timely puberty onset; the LH surge; and the response to an intravenous injection of the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) agonist, senktide...

UNLABELLED: Kisspeptin is an essential regulator of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and is required for physiological ovulation. Native kisspeptin-54 (KP54) can induce oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment, including in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. MVT-602 is a potent kisspeptin receptor agonist with prospective utility to treat anovulatory disorders by triggering oocyte maturation and ovulation during medically assisted reproduction (MAR)...

BACKGROUND: The neuroendocrine control of ovulation is orchestrated by neuronal circuits that ultimately drive the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus to trigger the preovulatory surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. While estrogen feedback signals are determinant in triggering activation of GnRH neurons, through stimulation of afferent kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3VKISS1 neurons), many neuropeptidergic and classical neurotransmitter systems have been shown to regulate the LH surge...

PURPOSE: While there are reports of treatment-related endocrine disruptions and catecholamine surges in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients treated with [177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy, the spectrum of these abnormalities in the immediate post-treatment period (within 48 hours) has not been previously evaluated and is likely underestimated. METHODS: The study population included patients (≥18 years) enrolled in a phase 2 trial for treatment of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-2+ inoperable/metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma with [177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (7...

Preventing a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is a major concern in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Several strategies have been developed over the years, including protocols with Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone agonists and antagonists. More recently Progestin Primmed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) has shown to be equally effective in pituitary suppression, with comparable clinical and laboratorial outcomes. This is the case of a 34 year old female, with a previous diagnosis of primary infertility due to tubal factor and high ovarian reserve markers...

Luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation by acting on its receptors in the mural granulosa cells that surround a mammalian oocyte in an ovarian follicle. However, much remains unknown about how activation of the LH receptor modifies the structure of the follicle such that the oocyte is released and the follicle remnants are transformed into the corpus luteum. The present study shows that the preovulatory surge of LH stimulates LH receptor-expressing granulosa cells, initially located almost entirely in the outer layers of the mural granulosa, to rapidly extend inwards, intercalating between other cells...

This study aims to determine the variability of the components of fitness along the menstrual cycle (MC) of physically active eumenorrheic women. Fifteen subjects were monitored along two consecutive MCs through the calendar-based counting method in combination with a urine luteinizing hormone surge kit. Subjects were tested at the early follicular phase (EFP), pre-ovulatory or late follicular phase (LFP), and post-ovulatory or mid-luteal phase (MLP). In each session, the back squat one-repetition maximum (1-RM), maximum fat oxidation (MFO), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and acute recovery capacity were determined...

Diagnostic imaging represents an important part during modern pregnancy management of the dog. Ultrasound has become the modality of choice for an early pregnancy diagnosis, enabling a verification as early as 17-20 days after LH surge. Furthermore an evaluation of fetal viability and development is possible as well as the depiction of malformations and an early assessment of fetal stress. Doppler imaging may also be of supporting value in this context . Using fetal maturity as well as measurements of fetal and extrafetal structures, a calculation of the gestational age and therefore the time of parturition is achievable...

The effect of the intramural fibroids not distorting the cavity remains controversial on implantation and pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of non-cavity distorting intramural fibroids on endometrium. Fifty-six women with non-cavity distorting intramural fibroid were recruited in this study. Paired endometrial specimens, one from beneath the fibroid (ipsilateral endometrium) and the other from the opposite side of uterine cavity, away from the fibroid (contralateral endometrium) were obtained 7-9 days after the luteinizing hormone surge in a natural cycle...

The relaxin ( RLN ) gene is expressed in the reproductive tracts, such as the ovary and uterus, of mammalian species. Although RLN expression is detected in the chicken ovary, detailed clarification of the physiological role of RLN has not yet been reported. To address this issue, in the present study we aimed to examine the spatiotemporal expression and hormonal control of RLN in Japanese quail. By performing semi-quantitative and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that RLN mRNA was mainly expressed in the granulosa and theca layers of the ovary...

In human female primordial germ cells, the transition from mitosis to meiosis begins from the fetal stage. In germ cells, meiosis is arrested at the diplotene stage of prophase in meiosis I (MI) after synapsis and recombination of homologous chromosomes, which cannot be segregated. Within the follicle, the maintenance of oocyte meiotic arrest is primarily attributed to high cytoplasmic concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Depending on the specific species, oocytes can remain arrested for extended periods of time, ranging from months to even years...

Mammalian ovulation is induced by a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, which is triggered by elevated plasma estrogen levels; however, chronic exposure to high levels of estradiol (E2) is known to inhibit LH secretion. In the present study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of the LH surge by chronic E2 exposure is due to the downregulation of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in kisspeptin neurons at the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), which is known as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/LH surge generator...