Catheter infections: definition epidemiology

The risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical wards remains closely related to the type of surgery and procedures performed on patients. Those factors also condition the risk of various forms of clinical infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are most frequently (70-80% of cases) caused by the use of bladder catheter in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological and microbiological analysis of UTIs in orthopedic patients, with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant (MDR) micro-organisms...

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INTRODUCTION: Staphylococci is the most commonly isolated bacteria in blood cultures (BC), and is mostly regarded as contamination. However, the clinical relevance and characteristics of CNS other than Staphylococcus epidermidis (Non-SE-CNS) is still unknown. METHODS: For the purpose of clarifying the epidemiology and clinical significance of Non-Se-CNS infections, we retrospectively evaluated BC isolates of Non-Se-CNS at our institute from May 2013 to March 2017...

BACKGROUND: A consensus on a central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance definition in home infusion is needed to standardize measurement and benchmark CLABSI to provide data to drive improvement initiatives METHODS: Experts across fields including home infusion therapy, infectious diseases, and healthcare epidemiology convened to perform a 3-step modified Delphi approach to obtain input and achieve consensus on a candidate home infusion CLABSI definition. RESULTS: The numerator criterion was identified by participants as involving one of the 2 following: (1) recognized pathogen isolated from blood culture and pathogen is not related to infection at another site, or (2) one of the following signs or symptoms: fever of 38°C (100...

Introduction : Carbapenems have an important place in our antibiotic armamentarium and have been trusted to effectively treat infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae for many years. However, the utility of carbapenems has been compromised by the emergence of resistance especially in Enterobacteriaceae . Therefore, carbapenem-sparing alternative antibiotics are of extreme importance in clinical practice. Areas covered : We reviewed studies addressing currently available antibiotic options used as both empiric and definitive therapy for the treatment of infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae published in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus databases without any date restriction...

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious complication in immunocompromised hosts. This study compares epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of BSI among children with haematological malignancies (HM) and solid tumours (ST). The study was conducted from October 2012 through to November 2015 at a referral hospital for cancer care and included the first BSI episode detected in 210 patients aged 18 years or less. BSI cases were prospectively detected by daily laboratory-based surveillance...

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (HABSIs) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population. Our objectives were to review the epidemiology of HABSIs in our NICU and to examine the applicability of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions to the NICU population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all neonates admitted to the 54-bed, level IV NICU at Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital with a HABSI between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018...

BACKGROUND: Most studies have examined central venous catheter associated blood stream infections (CVC-BSIs) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) but information on CVC-BSIs in non-ICU settings is sparse. This study aimed to determine the burden, microbiologic patterns, and associations of CVC-BSIs in non-ICU settings in a tertiary regional centre, University Hospital Geelong (UHG), Victoria, Australia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the UHG from October 2016 to April 2018...

Patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) as their primary source of nutrition are at high risk for both infectious and noninfectious catheter complications (catheter-related infections, catheter occlusion, and venous thrombosis). The aim of this review was to synthesize and evaluate what is known about catheter complications and prevention strategies in the PN population. Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL) were screened for studies published between January 2012 and February 2019 regarding infectious and noninfectious catheter complications in patients receiving PN...

Background Despite advanced diagnosis and treatment, infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Although recent studies have provided evidence of changing trends in IE epidemiology, few studies examine patterns within urban minority populations. Here we present the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of IE among an underserved African American population in Brooklyn, New York, compared to the general population. Methods This is a retrospective study which included 67 patients with IE diagnosed at The Brooklyn Hospital Center from 2009 to 2015...

Invasive fungal infections caused by drug-resistant organisms are an emerging threat to heavily immunosuppressed patients with hematological malignancies. Modern early antifungal treatment strategies, such as prophylaxis and empirical and preemptive therapy, result in long-term exposure to antifungal agents, which is a major driving force for the development of resistance. The extended use of central venous catheters, the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of certain antifungal agents, neutropenia, other forms of intense immunosuppression, and drug toxicities are other contributing factors...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to know epidemiologic and clinical differences among those patients colonized or infected by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and develop a predictive model to facilitate the clinical approach concerning to start antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: Observational retrospective cohort study was performed involving all patients with Urine carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolation (UCPEI) between November 2013 and July 2015...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: For high risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in patients of intensive care units (ICUs) and scarcely epidemiology and therapeutic recommendations in Asia, we aimed to evaluate the annual change in epidemiology, antibiogram, and risk factors for 14-day mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study of ICUs patients with CLABSIs at a medical center in Taiwan (2010-2016), where central line care bundle implemented since 2014, by reviewing clinical data, pathogens, and the antibiogram...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major nosocomial infections. In more than 80% of cases it is related to the use of urological devices, especially linked to the misuse of urinary catheters. Empirical treatment should be based on local epidemiology, severity criteria and risk of multiresistant bacteria. This review shows the most important aspects of nosocomial UTI, as well as the recommendations for correct treatment adjustment; both empirical and definitive, that is the great challenge to avoid multiresistance, as well as to avoid unnecessary treatments...

BACKGROUND: Device-associated health care-acquired infections (DA-HAIs) in intensive care unit patients are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. METHODS: A prospective, structured clinicomicrobiological surveillance was carried out for 3 common DA-HAIs: ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) present in the patients of an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Nepal...

Pediatric patients receiving conventional chemotherapy for malignant disease face an increased risk of bloodstream infection (BSI). Since BSI may represent an acute life-threatening event in patients with profound immunosuppression, and show further negative impact on quality of life and anticancer treatment, the prevention of BSI is of paramount importance to improve and guarantee patients' safety during intensive treatment. The great majority of all pediatric cancer patients (about 85%) have a long-term central venous access catheter in use (type Broviac or Port; CVAD)...

BACKGROUND: The incidences of hospital-acquired conditions, such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) are being used to compare quality at institutions and determine reimbursements. These data come from the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) administrative database that relies almost exclusively on physician documentation as opposed to objective U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: The patients in the neurosurgical ward are exposed to many risk factors causing nosocomial infections. These factors are related to operations, invasive diagnosing and monitoring of the nervous system and mechanical support of vital functions. Therefore, the objective of the undertaken studies was to assess the prevalence and structure of the healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in patients hospitalized in the neurosurgical ward in the St. Lukas District Hospital in Tarnów...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Bundle care has been documented to reduce CLABSI rates in Western countries, however, few reports were from Asian countries and the differences in the epidemiology or outcomes of critically-ill patients with CLABSIs after implementation of bundle care remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, microbiological characteristics, and factors associated with mortality in critically-ill patients after implementation of bundle care...

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the epidemiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and to better understand the value of urine cultures for evaluation of fever in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting DESIGN: Two-year retrospective review (2012-2013) SETTING: A single tertiary center with 1,200 hospital beds and 158 adult ICU beds PATIENTS: ICU patients with a CAUTI event METHODS: The cohort was identified from a prospective infection prevention database...