Juvenile hyaline cartilage

A new cartilage-specific degradable hydrogel based on photoclickable thiol-ene poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels is presented. The hydrogel crosslinks are composed of the peptide, CRDTEGE-ARGSVIDRC, derived from the aggrecanase-cleavable site in aggrecan. This new hydrogel is evaluated for use in cartilage tissue engineering by encapsulating bovine chondrocytes from different cell sources (skeletally immature (juvenile) and mature (adult) donors and adult cells stimulated with proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and culturing for 12 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Biological repair of cartilage lesions remains a significant clinical challenge because of the lack of natural regeneration and limited treatment options. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment of articular cartilage lesions in the knee with particulated juvenile articular cartilage (PJAC) will result in an improvement in patient symptoms of pain and function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at 2 years compared with baseline. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4...

Cartilage Autograft Implantation System (CAIS; DePuy/Mitek, Raynham, MA) and DeNovo Natural Tissue (NT; ISTO, St. Louis, MO) are novel treatment options for focal articular cartilage defects in the knee. These methods involve the implantation of particulated articular cartilage from either autograft or juvenile allograft donor, respectively. In the laboratory and in animal models, both CAIS and DeNovo NT have demonstrated the ability of the transplanted cartilage cells to "escape" from the extracellular matrix, migrate, multiply, and form a new hyaline-like cartilage tissue matrix that integrates with the surrounding host tissue...

Osteochondral defects of the talus are a challenging subject facing foot and ankle surgeons. The available treatment options have relatively good subjective outcomes; however, they are limited by the ability to reproduce hyaline cartilage, the need for multiple surgeries, and high morbidity. We present a new technique using DeNovo NT(®) juvenile allograft cartilage implantation introduced into a talar lesion arthroscopically in a single procedure to repair a posteriomedial talar osteochondral defects in a healthy, active 30-year-old female...

We prospectively studied the clinical, arthroscopic and histological results of collagen-covered autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-C) in patients with symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. The study included 37 patients who were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 4.08 years. Clinical results showed a mean improvement in the modified Cincinnati score from 46.1 to 68.4. Excellent and good clinical results were seen in 82.1% of those with juvenile-onset osteochondritis dissecans but in only 44...

The incidence of cartilage lesions is high. Due to pain and loss of function, long-term therapy is often necessary. Isolated, full-thickness articular cartilage lesions with a diameter of 4 cm2 are indications for chondrocyte transplantation. Many outcome studies report good long-term results. In recent years, the cultivation of chondrocytes has changed. Histologic investigations show hyalin-like cartilage after transplantation. Large cartilage lesions facing each other are a therapeutic dilemma in young patients...

BACKGROUND: Although MRI prognostic features for juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) have been determined, the natural history of JOCD on serial MRI has not been fully documented. OBJECTIVES: To document the natural history of JOCD on serial MRI and to correlate this with arthroscopy and clinical outcome over a 5-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one knees in 19 patients (15 boys, 4 girls; age range 5-15 years) with JOCD underwent MRI and clinical follow-up over 5 years...

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint in monkeys, which is remarkably similar in structure and function to that of humans. Nine juvenile monkeys, two as controls and seven as an experimental group, were used in this study. In the experimental group, the articular eminence on both sides was surgically made steeper. Two animals were killed at 1 week, four at 6 months, and one at 1 year postoperatively and the temporomandibular joints were examined macroscopically and microscopically...

PURPOSE: To show that the molecular composition of the extracellular matrix of the trochlea and its associated tendon may explain the link between some cases of acquired Brown syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: One trochlea and its tendon from 11 dissecting-room cadavers were fixed in methanol, cryosectioned, and immunolabeled with a panel of monoclonal antibodies against types I, II, III, V, and VI collagens, chondroitin-4 and -6, keratan and dermatan sulfates, aggrecan, link protein, versican, and tenascin...

A lesion was identified in the eye of a juvenile llama, and preliminary clinical findings included anterior uveitis and an exudative retinal detachment suggestive of infectious disease. However, histopathologic evaluation of the enucleated globe revealed an intraocular neoplasm composed of primitive neuroepithelium forming ribbons, cords, and rosettes, heteroplastic elements including spindle cells in a loose myxomatous matrix, and islands of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase...

Magnetic resonance images and the histology of spheno-occipital synchondrosis were examined in young monkeys in order to compare the magnetic resonance images with their histologic observations. In serial magnetics resonance images of posterior cranial base, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis showed a low signal zone with unclear boundaries, running through the posterior cranial base perpendicularly to the clivus. The zone was always interposed between nonsignal zones. These observations were the same as those in young juvenile human beings...

In a prospective study, the right knee of 21 symptom free juvenile footballers was examined by MRT (group I) and the results were compared with 12 juveniles of similar age but who did not take part in any special sporting activities (group II). A 1.5 Tesla Magnetome with an extremity coil was used. There were no abnormal changes in either group in the cruciate ligaments. The hyaline cartilage medially was about 10% thicker than laterally in both groups but in group I it was, on average, 24.8% thicker than in group II...

The collagen fibrils of hyaline cartilage vary in diameter depending on developmental stage and location within the tissue. In general, growth plates and fetal epiphyseal cartilages contain fibrils with diameters of less than approximately 25 nm, whereas the permanent cartilage of adult tissues contains fibrils of approximately 30-200 nm. The interstitial collagen fibrils of fetal cartilage are complex, having at least three collagen types as integral components. Type XI, a member of the fibrillar collagen class, has been proposed to limit fibril diameter...

Thyroid cartilages of various ages were investigated by immunofluorescence staining for localization of the fibrillar collagen types I and II in order to understand the tissue remodeling occurring during the mineralization and ossification of thyroid cartilage. In fetal and juvenile thyroid cartilages, type I collagen was restricted to the inner and outer perichondrium, while type II collagen was localized in the matrix of hyaline cartilage. However, in advanced ages, type I collagen was also localized in the pericellular and in the interterritorial matrix of intermediate and central chondrocytes of thyroid cartilage...

The honeycomb matrix and interlacunar network are described and compared in femoral head articular cartilage, proximal femoral physis, xiphoid, and tracheal cartilages from neonatal, juvenile, and adult rats. The honeycomb matrix is morphologically constant in all four sites of all age groups. The network is plentiful in cartilage of neonatal rats, reduced in juveniles, and rare in adults. In a given cartilage site, the network has a constant pattern and concentration gradient among rats of the same age. It is hypothesized that the network functions only during rapid cartilage growth and is not related to weight-bearing...

A review is made of superficial fibrous tumors of childhood and differences between the pattern of fibrous tumor proliferation in children and adults are discussed. The fibrous tumors that occur specifically in childhood and infancy include recurring digital fibrous tumor, juvenile aponeurotic fibroma (cartilage analogue of fibromatosis), juvenile hyalin fibromatosis, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, congenital fibromatosis and fibromatosis colli (Torticollis). Palmoplantar fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma may appear in all ages...

In the knee joints of adult rabbits osteochondral defects of 4 mm in diameter were placed by a drill reaching the cancellous bone. In the first group the defects were left untreated or closed by collagen foam or by fibrin adhesive or a combination of both. In the second group the defects were closed with very small autologous cartilage fragments and fibrin adhesive. The animals were observed over up to 40 weeks. In the first group no hyaline cartilage was found histologically in any of the defects. In the second group a rapid proliferation of chondrocytes appeared with development of hyaline cartilage with alcian-blue-positive matrix...

In 75 knee joints of 46 adult rabbits osteochondral defects of 4 mm diameter were placed by a drill reaching the cancellous bone. Twenty-three defects were left untreated, or closed by collagen foam or fibrin adhesive, or a combination of both. Fifty-two defects were closed with very small autologous cartilage fragments and a special fibrin adhesive. The adhesive differed from commercially supplied types by digested alpha chain of fibrinogen for increase in concentration, and by the addition of alpha-2-macroglobulin as protease-inhibitor...

The localization of calmodulin (CaM), a calcium-dependent regulatory protein, was demonstrated in the following rat skeletal tissues by the indirect immunofluorescence method: a) growth plate cartilage of fetal and juvenile long bones, b) fetal epiphyseal cartilage, c) juvenile hyaline costal cartilage, d) neonatal mandibular condylar cartilage, e) neonatal diaphyseal lamellar bone. CaM was not detected in perichondrial and periosteal cells. Mature and mineralizing chondrocytes demonstrated the highest labelling intensities...

The vertebral end-plates and the epiphyses from the lumbar region of the spine in juvenile pigs were studied. Cell density of the hyaline cartilage of the vertebral bodies was measured as well as cartilage thickness. The relative bone content in the region of the nucleus pulposus was calculated. A certain negative interrelationship between cartilage thickness and cell density of the hyaline cartilage of the vertebral bodies was found. The relative bone content of the cranial epiphysis was higher than that of the caudal epiphysis in the same motion segment at all levels of the lumbar spine...