Injury reduction

OBJECTIVE: Impact kinematics are widely employed to investigate mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, they are susceptible to noise and artefacts; thus, require data filtering. Few studies have focused on how data filtering affects brain strain most relevant to TBI. Here, we report that impact-induced brain strains are much less sensitive to data filtering than kinematics based on three filtering methods: CFC180, lowpass 200Hz, and a new method called Head Exposure to Acceleration Database in Sport (HEADSport)...

l-threonine dehydrogenase (Tdh) is an enzyme that links threonine metabolism to epigenetic modifications and mitochondria biogenesis. In vitro studies show that it is critical for the regulation of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) levels and cell fate determination of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, whether Tdh regulates a developmental process in vivo and, if it does, whether it also primarily regulates H3K4me3 levels in this process as it does in mESCs, remains elusive. Here, we revealed that, in zebrafish hematopoiesis, tdh is preferentially expressed in neutrophils...

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal brain injury, but the current treatments for it are inadequate to reduce the severity of secondary brain injury. Our study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of Egr1 and Phlda1 in regulating hemin-induced neuronal pyroptosis, and hope to provide novel therapeutic targets for ICH treatment. Mouse hippocampal neuron cells treated with hemin were used to simulate an in-vitro ICH model. Using qRT-PCR and western blot to evaluate mRNA and protein concentrations. MTT assay was utilized to assess cell viability...

Intestinal barrier dysfunction usually occurred in acute pancreatitis (AP) but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing of ileum in L-arginine-induced AP mice demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate kinase 1 (Pck1) was significantly up-regulated. Increased Pck1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) was further validated in ileum of AP mice and duodenum of AP patients. In AP mice, level of Pck1 was positively correlated with pancreatic and ileal histopathological scores, serum amylase activity, and intestinal permeability (serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, and endotoxin)...

Negative pressure injury is one of the auxiliary methods of treating diabetes foot ulcers. It has been shown to be superior to conventional techniques in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Nevertheless, the results of observational research are still scarce. A systematic review of RCTs and observations was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and security of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) treatment for diabetes foot ulcers. Three English e-databases have been found for NPWT research. The meta-analyses of the comparative studies provided point estimates of results...

Skin injuries infected by bacteria can cause life-threatening human diseases if not treated properly. In this work, we developed a light-degradable nanocomposite hydrogel to achieve both controlled antibiotic delivery and hydrogel degradation using light as the sole stimulus. Specifically, we incorporated triclosan-loaded, poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels (TCS-NGs) that exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy, into a light-degradable poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel matrix via simple physical entrapment method...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with no targeted therapy and has varied outcomes ranging from spontaneous resolution to being lethal. While typically painful, AP can also be painless. Various agents, including opioids are used for pain control in AP; the risks, and benefits of which are often debated. Since experimental AP in mice is used to study the efficacy of potential therapies, we studied the effect of a commonly used opioid buprenorphine on the initiation and progression of AP. For this we administered extended-release buprenorphine subcutaneously prior to inducing the previously established severe AP model that uses Interleukins 12 and 18 (IL12,18) in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice and compared this to mice with AP but without the drug...

BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of patients with rib fractures requires identification of those patients at risk of pulmonary complications. It is also important to determine which patients would benefit from Surgical Stabilisation of Rib Fractures (SSRF). This study aims to validate two scoring systems (RibScore and SCARF score) in predicting complications and association with SSRF in an Australian trauma population. Clinical observation suggests that complications and criteria for SSRF is associated with anatomical and physiological factors...

BACKGROUND: Prolonged tracheal tube placement following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause serious complications. Safe removal requires sufficient ability for independent breathing and airway protection. Thus, identifying important factors for time to removal of the tracheal tube (decannulation) is essential for safe and efficient weaning. This study aimed to identify significant factors for time to decannulation in a Danish population of subjects with tracheostomy after TBI...

Hepatorenal syndrome type 1 (HRS-1) is a unique form of acute kidney injury that affects individuals with decompensated cirrhosis with ascites. The primary mechanism leading to reduction of kidney function in HRS-1 is hemodynamic in nature. Cumulative evidence points to a cascade of events that led to a profound reduction in kidney perfusion. A state of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance characteristic of advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is accompanied by maladaptive peripheral arterial vasodilation and reduction in systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure...

Incarcerated medial soft tissue after posterolateral knee dislocations has been described, but limited information pertaining to the etiology and management of cutaneous injuries from incarceration exists. We present the case of a 64-year-old man, where reduction of a posterolateral knee dislocation resulted in incarceration of medial ligamentous structures and impending skin necrosis. The patient avoided full-thickness skin necrosis, which could have complicated treatment options. Careful consideration of the soft-tissue envelope of the knee for preventing additional skin injury in the perioperative period should be considered to potentially avert additional necrosis in patients with a 'pucker' sign after knee dislocations...

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the effects of oxygen-based therapy on patients with a chronic wound. DATA SOURCES: The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant randomized controlled trials from database inception. Investigators measured risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. STUDY SELECTION: The included randomized controlled trials focused on the effects (short- or long-term wound healing, amputation rate, percentage of reduction in ulcer size, and poststudy transcutaneous oxygen measurement [TcPO2]) of oxygen-based therapy (including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, topical oxygen therapy, and continuous diffusion of oxygen) on patients with a chronic wound...

The hearts of subjects with diabetes are vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In contrast, experimentally rodent hearts have been shown to be more resistant to IRI at the very early stages of diabetes induction than the heart of the non-diabetic control mice, and the mechanism is largely unclear. Ferroptosis has recently been shown to play an important role in myocardial IRI including that in diabetes, while the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Non-diabetic control (NC) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) mice were treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in drinking water for 4 week starting at 1 week after diabetes induction...

Ottonia anisum (O. anisum), belonging to the family Piperaceae, is renowned for its medicinal properties. The plant is rich in alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids with recorded bioactivities. The stems, roots, and leaves, of the O. anisum have been extensively used in the folk medicine. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the pharmacological activities of O. anisum root extract. Methanolic root extract of O. anisum was assessed for local anesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and HCl-induced acute lung injury activities in animal models...

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is not only safer than chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, but also has a wide range of applications in Acute Kidney Injury and Parkinson's Disease. The purpose of this experiment is to improve the conversion rate of 7-ketocholic acid (7K-LCA) and the yield of ursodeoxycholic acid in aprotic solvents during electrochemical reduction process. Three aprotic solvents were investigated as electrolytes. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) has a stable five-membered ring structure, and 7K-LCA has undergone two nucleophilic reactions and "Walden" inversion, the 7K-LCK was stereoselectively reduced to UDCA...

BACKGROUND: Humerus shaft fractures are common in orthopaedic practice. The emphasis in treatment has shifted from prolonged immobilisation to early mobilisation and internal fixation when needed for a quicker return to normal function. Internal fixation methods include plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing. This study specifically evaluated the effectiveness of flexible intramedullary nails in treating diaphyseal humeral fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2007 and January 2010, Alexandria University Hospital treated 29 patients (21 males, 8 females) with diaphyseal humeral fractures...

The acute kidney injury (AKI) and dose-limiting nephrotoxicity, which occurs in 20-60% of patients following systemic administration of colistin, represents a challenge in the effective treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infections. To reduce clinical toxicity of colistin and improve targeting to infected/inflamed tissues, we previously developed dextrin-colistin conjugates, whereby colistin is designed to be released by amylase-triggered degradation of dextrin in infected and inflamed tissues, after passive targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention effect...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis can disrupt immune regulation and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently. Remazolam, a fast-acting hypnotic drug with superior qualities compared to other drugs, was investigated for its potential protective effects against sepsis-induced ARDS. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the sepsis + saline group, sham operation + saline group, sham operation + remazolam group and the sepsis + remazolam group...

Inguinal bladder hernia (IBH) is a rare clinical condition that may present as scrotal swelling. Most patients are asymptomatic and found incidentally at the time of herniorrhaphy. IBH continues to pose a challenge to surgeons before, during, and even after herniorrhaphy. This case report aims to describe the case of the incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing the small bowel and the urinary bladder herniation. An 81-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain, distension, and swelling in the right groin...

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces organic damage mainly through the patient's immune overreaction. Hemoperfusion (HPF) can remove inflammatory cytokines and can reduce the negative effects of cytokine storm in COVID-19. We compared the mortality rate, inflammatory response, and acute kidney injury (AKI) prevalence among patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 treated with and without HPF with HA330 cartridge. METHODS: Mortality rate, serum creatinine, and ferritin values were compared between patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 who received conventional treatment and another group of patients who additionally received four sessions of HPF with HA330...