keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37774374/spatial-mapping-of-human-hematopoiesis-at-single-cell-resolution-reveals-aging-associated-topographic-remodeling
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aleksandr Sarachakov, Arina Varlamova, Viktor Svelolkin, Margarita Polyakova, Itzel Valencia, Caitlin Unkenholz, Tania Pannellini, Ilia Galkin, Pavel Ovcharov, Dmitry Tabakov, Ekaterina Postovalova, Nara Shin, Isha Sethi, Alexander Bagaev, Tomer Itkin, Genevieve M Crane, Michael J Kluk, Julia T Geyer, Giorgio Ga Inghirami, Sanjay S Patel
The spatial anatomy of hematopoiesis in bone marrow has been extensively studied in mice and other preclinical models, but technical challenges have precluded a commensurate exploration in humans. Institutional pathology archives contain thousands of paraffinized bone marrow core biopsy tissue specimens, providing a rich resource for studying the intact human bone marrow topography in a variety of physiologic states. Thus, we developed an end-to-end pipeline involving multiparameter whole tissue staining, in situ imaging at single-cell resolution, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis, and then applied it to a cohort of disease-free samples to survey alterations in the hematopoietic topography associated with aging...
September 29, 2023: Blood
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37759717/the-role-of-inositol-hexakisphosphate-kinase-in-the-central-nervous-system
#22
REVIEW
Tyler Heitmann, James C Barrow
Inositol is a unique biological small molecule that can be phosphorylated or even further pyrophosphorylated on each of its six hydroxyl groups. These numerous phosphorylation states of inositol along with the kinases and phosphatases that interconvert them comprise the inositol phosphate signaling pathway. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, or IP6Ks, convert the fully mono-phosphorylated inositol to the pyrophosphate 5-IP7 (also denoted IP7). There are three isoforms of IP6K: IP6K1, 2, and 3. Decades of work have established a central role for IP6Ks in cell signaling...
August 28, 2023: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37751723/effects-of-cell-adhesive-ligand-presentation-on-pentapeptide-supramolecular-assembly-and-gelation-simulations-and-experiments
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew T Thede, James D Tang, Clare E Cocker, Liza J Harold, Connor D Amelung, Anna R Kittel, Phillip A Taylor, Kyle J Lampe
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, hierarchical material containing structural and bioactive components. This complexity makes decoupling the effects of biomechanical properties and cell-matrix interactions difficult, especially when studying cellular processes in a 3D environment. Matrix mechanics and cell adhesion are both known regulators of specific cellular processes such as stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, more information is required about how such variables impact various neural lineages that could, upon transplantation, therapeutically improve neural function after central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease...
September 26, 2023: Cells, Tissues, Organs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37647689/physiological-role-of-hydrogen-sulfide-in-the-kidney-and-its-therapeutic-implications-for-kidney-diseases
#24
REVIEW
George J Dugbartey
For over three centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been known as a toxic and deadly gas at high concentrations, with a distinctive smell of rotten eggs. However, studies over the past two decades have shown that H2 S has risen above its historically notorious label and has now received significant scientific attention as an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that participates in cellular homeostasis and influences a myriad of physiological and pathological processes at low concentrations. Its endogenous production is enzymatically regulated, and when dysregulated, contributes to pathogenesis of renal diseases...
August 28, 2023: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37645902/cell-arrangement-impacts-metabolic-activity-and-antibiotic-tolerance-in-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-biofilms
#25
Hannah Dayton, Julie Kiss, Mian Wei, Shradha Chauhan, Emily LaMarre, William Cole Cornell, Anuradha Janakiraman, Wei Min, Raju Tomer, Alexa Price-Whelan, Jasmine A Nirody, Lars E P Dietrich
Cells must access resources to survive, and the anatomy of multicellular structures influences this access. In diverse multicellular eukaryotes, resources are provided by internal conduits that allow substances to travel more readily through tissue than they would via diffusion. Microbes growing in multicellular structures, called biofilms, are also affected by differential access to resources and we hypothesized that this is influenced by the physical arrangement of the cells. In this study, we examined the microanatomy of biofilms formed by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and discovered that clonal cells form striations that are packed lengthwise across most of a mature biofilm's depth...
June 20, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37479801/neurotransmitter-and-receptor-systems-in-the-subthalamic-nucleus
#26
REVIEW
Aron Emmi, Marta Campagnolo, Elena Stocco, Miryam Carecchio, Veronica Macchi, Angelo Antonini, Raffaele De Caro, Andrea Porzionato
The Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict structural and functional relationship with the circuits of the basal ganglia, the STh is a current target for deep brain stimulation, a neurosurgical procedure employed to alleviate symptoms in movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. However, despite the great relevance of this structure for both basal ganglia physiology and pathology, the neurochemical and molecular anatomy of the STh remains largely unknown...
July 21, 2023: Brain Structure & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37445940/unlocking-neural-function-with-3d-in-vitro-models-a-technical-review-of-self-assembled-guided-and-bioprinted-brain-organoids-and-their-applications-in-the-study-of-neurodevelopmental-and-neurodegenerative-disorders
#27
REVIEW
Chiara D'Antoni, Lorenza Mautone, Caterina Sanchini, Lucrezia Tondo, Greta Grassmann, Gianluca Cidonio, Paola Bezzi, Federica Cordella, Silvia Di Angelantonio
Understanding the complexities of the human brain and its associated disorders poses a significant challenge in neuroscience. Traditional research methods have limitations in replicating its intricacies, necessitating the development of in vitro models that can simulate its structure and function. Three-dimensional in vitro models, including organoids, cerebral organoids, bioprinted brain models, and functionalized brain organoids, offer promising platforms for studying human brain development, physiology, and disease...
June 28, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37404996/human-placental-extract-a-potential-therapeutic-in-treating-osteoarthritis
#28
REVIEW
Chukwuweike Gwam, Chiemena Ohanele, Jacob Hamby, Noor Chughtai, Zarmina Mufti, Xue Ma
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease marked by cartilage degradation and loss of function. Recently, there have been increased efforts to attenuate and reverse OA by stimulating cartilage regeneration and preventing cartilage degradation. Human placental extract (HPE) may be an option due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and growth stimulatory properties. These properties are useful in preventing cell death and senescence, which may optimize in-situ cartilage regeneration. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and physiology of the placenta, as well as explore in vivo and in vitro studies assessing its effects on tissue regeneration...
June 30, 2023: Annals of Translational Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37393848/time-since-death-the-histological-chronotanatognostic
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eduardo Novakoski, Gisele Branchini, Tiago Franco de Oliveira, Julia Flôres Kuhn, Sarah Bueno Motter, Petrus Lee, Cristina Krauspenhar Rossato, Varinia Alejandra Frau Alveal, Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
The time since death is an important aspect of forensic medicine; however, there is not an accurate single method to determine this data. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate parameters and procedures based on the morphological analysis of cells and tissues to determine the time since death, using animal models. Pigs were chosen in this research because of their similarities with human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. We identified the cells and tissue alterations in the viscera of pig cadavers according to the time since death, also describing the changes in the temperature of the organs and the bodies...
July 2023: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37339009/human-in-vitro-blood-barrier-models-architectures-and-applications
#30
REVIEW
Brittany E Watson, Julia A Miles, Melissa A Moss
Blood barriers serve as key points of transport for essential molecules as well as lines of defense to protect against toxins. In vitro modeling of these barriers is common practice in the study of their physiology and related diseases. This review describes a common method of using an adaptable, low cost, semipermeable, suspended membrane to experimentally model three blood barriers in the human body: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and the air-blood barrier (ABB). The GBB and ABB both protect from the outside environment, while the BBB protects the central nervous system from potential neurotoxic agents in the blood...
June 20, 2023: Tissue Barriers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37287712/gene-expression-variations-and-allele-specific-expression-of-two-rice-and-their-hybrid-in-caryopses-at-single-nucleus-resolution
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Han Zhou, Xing Wang Deng, Hang He
Seeds are an indispensable part of the flowering plant life cycle and a critical determinant of agricultural production. Distinct differences in the anatomy and morphology of seeds separate monocots and dicots. Although some progress has been made with respect to understanding seed development in Arabidopsis , the transcriptomic features of monocotyledon seeds at the cellular level are much less understood. Since most important cereal crops, such as rice, maize, and wheat, are monocots, it is essential to study transcriptional differentiation and heterogeneity during seed development at a finer scale...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37263489/the-alleviation-effects-of-n-butylidenephthalide-on-apoptosis-senescence-and-tight-junction-impairment-of-retinal-pigment-epithelium-by-activating-nrf-2-ho-1-signaling-pathway-in-early-diabetic-retinopathy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ya-Chih Huang, Bo-Chun Chen, Kai-Fu Chang, Ming-Chang Hsieh, Gwo-Tarng Sheu, Chih-Yen Hsiao, Nu-Man Tsai
AIMS: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that causes visual impairment and blindness in adults. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) on hyperglycemia-treated RPE in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected with STZ by intraperitoneal to induce early DR and orally administrated with 2 mg/kg BP every day for twelve weeks. Body weight and blood glucose were measured once a week...
May 30, 2023: Life Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37259276/adaptive-cellular-evolution-or-cellular-system-drift-in-hares
#33
Arnar Palsson, Sarah Elizabeth Steele
Adaptations occur at many levels, for example, from DNA sequence of regulatory elements and cellular homeostatic systems to organismal physiology and behaviour (Mayr, 1997). Established adaptations are maintained by purifying and stabilizing selection. Students of animal diversity tend to focus on higher order traits, anatomy, physiology, organismal function and interactions. The core cellular and metabolic systems of metazoans evolved early in their history and are assumed to be rather similar between groups...
May 31, 2023: Molecular Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37249879/perspectives-approaches-for-studying-livestock-spermatogonia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michela Ciccarelli, Jon M Oatley
At present, the knowledge base on characteristics and biology of spermatogonia in livestock is limited in comparison to rodents, yet the importance of studying these cells for comparative species analysis and enhancing reproductive capacity in food animals is high. Previous studies have established that although many core attributes of organ physiology and mechanisms governing essential cellular functions are conserved across eutherians, significant differences exist between mice and higher order mammals. In this chapter, we briefly discuss distinguishing aspects of testicular anatomy and the spermatogenic lineage in livestock and critical considerations for studying spermatogonial stem cell biology in these species...
2023: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37240563/cellular-and-molecular-mechanisms-underlying-tricuspid-valve-development-and-disease
#35
REVIEW
Nadia Salerno, Giuseppe Panuccio, Jolanda Sabatino, Isabella Leo, Michele Torella, Sabato Sorrentino, Salvatore De Rosa, Daniele Torella
Tricuspid valve (TV) disease is highly prevalent in the general population. For ages considered "the forgotten valve" because of the predominant interest in left-side valve disease, the TV has now received significant attention in recent years, with significant improvement both in diagnosis and in management of tricuspid disease. TV is characterized by complex anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, in which the right ventricle plays a fundamental role. Comprehensive knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TV development, TV disease, and tricuspid regurgitation-related right-ventricle cardiomyopathy is necessary to enhance TV disease understanding to improve the ability to risk stratify TR patients, while also predicting valve dysfunction and/or response to tricuspid regurgitation treatment...
May 14, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37236499/the-hormonal-physiology-of-immune-components-in-breast-milk-and-their-impact-on-the-infant-immune-response
#36
REVIEW
Mextli Y Bermejo-Haro, Rodrigo T Camacho-Pacheco, Yesenia Brito-Pérez, Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes a considerable transformation regarding the anatomy, metabolism, and immune profile that, after delivery, allows for protection and nourishment of the offspring via lactation. Pregnancy hormones are responsible for the development and functionality of the mammary gland for breast milk production, but little is known about how hormones control its immune properties. Breast milk composition is highly dynamic, adapting to the nutritional and immunological needs that the infant requires in the first months of life and is responsible for the main immune modeling of breastfed newborns...
July 15, 2023: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37218709/physiological-responses-of-plants-to-in-vivo-x-ray-damage-from-x-ray-fluorescence-measurements-insights-from-anatomical-elemental-histochemical-and-ultrastructural-analyses
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriel Sgarbiero Montanha, João Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Eduardo Santos, Michael W M Jones, Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is a powerful technique for the in vivo assessment of plant tissues. However, the potential X-ray exposure damages might affect the structure and elemental composition of living plant tissues leading to artefacts in the recorded data. Herein, we exposed in vivo soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves to several X-ray doses through a polychromatic benchtop microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, modulating the photon flux density by adjusting either the beam size, current or exposure time...
May 22, 2023: Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37211855/current-concepts-of-pain-pathways-a-brief-review-of-anatomy-physiology-and-medical-imaging
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daisy-Carolina Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Leslie-Marisol Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Moises Villaseñor-Almaraz, Daniel Ballesteros-Herrera, Sergio Moreno-Jimenez, Roberto Corona-Cedillo, Francisco Velasco-Campos, Jose-Damian Carrillo-Ruiz, Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
BACKGROUND: Although the essential components of pain pathways have been identified, a thorough comprehension of the interactions necessary for creating focused treatments is still lacking. Such include more standardised methods for measuring pain in clinical and preclinical studies and more representative study populations. OBJECTIVE: This review describes the essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pain nociception and its relation with currently available neuroimaging methods focused on health professionals responsible for treating pain...
May 19, 2023: Current medical imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37178727/measurement-of-solute-permeability-in-the-mouse-spinal-cord
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marlene Elisa Da Vitoria Lobo, David O Bates, Kenton P Arkill, Richard Philip Hulse
BACKGROUND: Sensory perception and motor dexterity is coordinated by the spinal cord, which remains effective due to maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. This is stringently controlled by the blood spinal cord barrier. Therefore, the function of the spinal cord is susceptible to alterations in the microvessel integrity (e.g. vascular leakage) and/or perfusion (e.g. changes in blood flow). NEW METHOD: Spinal cord solute permeability was measured in anaesthetised mice...
May 11, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37173058/parental-factors-that-impact-the-ecology-of-human-mammary-development-milk-secretion-and-milk-composition-a-report-from-breastmilk-ecology-genesis-of-infant-nutrition-begin-working-group-1
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margaret C Neville, Ellen W Demerath, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Russell C Hovey, Jayne Martin-Carli, Mark A McGuire, Edward R Newton, Kathleen M Rasmussen, Michael C Rudolph, Daniel J Raiten
The goal of Working Group 1 in the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to outline factors influencing biological processes governing human milk secretion and to evaluate our current knowledge of these processes. Many factors regulate mammary gland development in utero, during puberty, in pregnancy, through secretory activation, and at weaning. These factors include breast anatomy, breast vasculature, diet, and the lactating parent's hormonal milieu including estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone...
April 2023: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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