Neural toxic reactions

Unavoidable flaring in downstream oil industry causes pollutant emission in large amounts which is potentially harmful to nearby cities or farms. Hence one must manage exhaust toxic gases to raise enough in atmosphere or redirect from such places. Since Kirkuk refinery in north Iraq is next-door to agricultural farms on west yet to residential areas on east optimizing its layout for flare stacks is something acute. In this work we wrote codes in MATLAB software to simulate incomplete rather than complete oxidation as well as pollutant generation reactions...

The chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) residues was performed via glycolysis with ethylene glycol (EG) over Mg-Fe and Mg-Al oxide catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides. Catalysts prepared using the high supersaturation method (h.s.c.) presented a higher surface area and larger particles, but this represented less PET conversion than those prepared by the low supersaturation method (l.s.c.). This difference was attributed to the smaller mass transfer limitations inside the (l...

Melamine (ML), a chemical substance of high nitrogen content, is used as a food adulterant. Former evidences implied that ML could induce a variety of toxic effects including neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to delineate the protective effect of the nootkatone (NK) against ML-induced neural adverse effects. Rats were orally pretreated with NK (5 and 10 mg/kg) prior to the oral administration of ML (700 mg/kg) for a period of 28 days. Our findings unveiled remarkable alleviating effect of NK on MK-induced neurobehavioral disturbance in open field test...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy in women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Because of the limitations of clinical trials, which are not representative of large real-world populations, rare events and long-term safety concerns cannot be detected. The current study aimed to evaluate the adverse events of abemaciclib through data mining of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)...

Optoelectronic biointerfaces have gained significant interest for wireless and electrical control of neurons. Three-dimentional (3D) pseudocapacitive nanomaterials with large surface areas and interconnected porous structures have great potential for optoelectronic biointerfaces that can fulfill the requirement of high electrode-electrolyte capacitance to effectively transduce light into stimulating ionic currents. In this study, the integration of 3D manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) nanoflowers into flexible optoelectronic biointerfaces for safe and efficient photostimulation of neurons is demonstrated...

S100B is a calcium-binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes in the nervous system. Its levels in biological fluids are recognized as a reliable biomarker of active neural distress, and more recently, mounting evidence points to S100B as a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecule, which, at high concentration, triggers tissue reactions to damage. S100B levels and/or distribution in the nervous tissue of patients and/or experimental models of different neural disorders, for which the protein is used as a biomarker, are directly related to the progress of the disease...

Carbamate pesticides are extensively used in agriculture for their inhibition to acetylcholinesterase and damages to the insects' neural systems. Because of their toxicity, human poisoning incidents caused by carbamate pesticide exposure have occurred from time to time. What's more, some lethally toxic carbamate toxicants known as carbamate nerve agents (CMNAs) have been supplemented in Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by Organisation of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) from 2020...

In a subset of patients, chronic exposure to stress is an etiological risk factor for neuroinflammation and depression. Neuroinflammation affects up to 27% of patients with MDD and is associated with a more severe, chronic, and treatment-resistant trajectory. Inflammation is not unique to depression and has transdiagnostic effects suggesting a shared etiological risk factor underlying psychopathologies and metabolic disorders. Research supports an association but not necessarily a causation with depression...

Regarding the long-term toxic effects of Pb (II) ions on human health and its bioaccumulation property, taking measures for its reduction in the environment is necessary. The MMT-K10 (montmorillonite-k10 ) nanoclay was characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, and FTIR. The effects of pH, initial concentrations, reaction time, and adsorbent dosage were studied. The experimental design study was carried out with RSM-BBD method. Results prediction and optimization were investigated with RSM and artificial neural network (ANN)-genetic algorithm (GA) respectively...

Aqueous Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising systems due to their intrinsic safety, low cost and non-toxicity, and the Zn corrosion and dendrite growth will cause the poor reversibility of Zn anode. Herein, we developed the porous Zn@C solid, hollow and yolk-shell microspheres film as Zn anode antifluctuator (ZAAF). The prepared yolk-shell microspheres (ZCYSM) film with superior buffering can effectively restrict the deposition of Zn metal in its interior and inhibit the volume expansion during plating/stripping process, thus modulating the Zn2+ flux and enabling stable Zn cycling...

INTRODUCTION: The brain myelin and neurons destruction in multiple sclerosis may be associated with the production of neuroinflammatory cells (macrophages, astrocytes, T-lymphocytes) of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. The age-associated changes of the above cells can influence on the response of nervous system cells to toxic damaging and regulatory factors of humoral/endocrine nature, in particular pineal hormone melatonin. The study aim was (1) to evaluate changes of the brain macrophages, astrocytes, T-cells, neural stem cells, neurons, and central nervous system (CNS) functioning in the neurotoxin cuprizone-treated mice of different age; and (2) to assess in such mice the effects of exogenous melatonin and possible courses of its action...

This paper describes a tin oxide and copper doped tin oxide gas sensing material synthesized by a biological template method and simple hydrothermal reaction, which were used for the preparation of a gas sensor array. The sensor array is combined with the Sparrow Search Algorithm optimized BP neural network algorithm (SSA-BP) to predict and analyze the concentration of indoor toxic gases, including ammonia, xylene, and formaldehyde. Granular SnO2 was prepared by the biological template method and Cu/SnO2 doped with different copper ion concentrations was prepared by the hydrothermal method...

In nature, cold stress is a core threat to aquatic organisms. But the neurodevelopmental effects of cold stress during the perinatal period on the offspring development were unknown. In the present study, adult zebrafish were cold-stressed at 18 °C for five days before spawning, and then the fertilized eggs were raised at 18, 24, or 28 °C from 0 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf). The resulting embryos and larvae were assessed for developmental and neurobehavioral responses. Our findings showed that embryos raised at 18 °C (Cold+++) suffered hatching failure and death, at 24 °C (Cold++) had decreased hatching, while those raised at 28 °C (Cold+) exhibited no developmental adversity...

In the present scenario discharge of heavy-metal ions into water bodies is a global threat that is causing serious health hazards even in low concentrations. Thus, in order to remediate the heavy-metal [Hg(II) and Pb(II)] toxicity, an organic-inorganic hybrid functional porous metallo-polymeric network i. e, poly(Zirconyl methacrylate-co-1-vinyl imidazole) (pZrVIm) was fabricated via one-pot facile synthesis approach. The pZrVIm architecture has shown high removal efficiency for Hg(II) and Pb(II) aqueous medium even in extremely low quantities...

The performance of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system is characterized by SO2 removal efficiency (<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>) and reagent conversion (<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>)...

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is common in clinical practice. Lithium (Li) carbonate is often used in the treatment of BD. However, the therapeutic dose of Li carbonate is close to the toxic dose, and Li poisoning is prone to occur. Precise prediction of Li concentration will help clinician to identify patients at high risk of toxic dose of Li carbonate. The purpose of this study was to establish a model for predicting the blood concentration of Li carbonate through an artificial neural network (ANN), and to provide a basis for the clinical rapid and effective formulation of individualized dosing regimens...

Metabolic reactions in the body transform the administered drug into metabolites. These metabolites exhibit diverse biological activities. Drug metabolism is the major underlying cause of drug overdose-related toxicity, adversative drug effects and the drug's reduced efficacy. Though metabolic reactions deactivate a drug, drug metabolites are often considered pivotal agents for off-target effects or toxicity. On the other side, in combination drug therapy, one drug may influence another drug's metabolism and clearance and is thus considered one of the primary causes of drug-drug interactions...

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a potent flame retardant used in numerous appliances and a major pollutant in households and ecosystems. In vertebrates, it was shown to affect neurodevelopment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and thyroid signaling, but its toxicity and modes of actions are still a matter of debate. The molecular phenotype resulting from exposure to TBBPA is only poorly described, especially at the level of transcriptome reprogramming, which further limits our understanding of its molecular toxicity...

The co-combustion synergy of post-phytoremediation biomass may be optimized to cultivate a variety of benefits from reducing dependence on fossil fuels to stabilizing heavy metals in a small quantity of ash. This study characterized the thermo-kinetic parameters, gas-to-ash products, and energetically and environmentally optimal conditions for the co-combustions of aboveground (PG-A) and belowground (PG-B) biomass of Pfaffia glomerata (PG) with pulverized coal (PC). The mono-combustions of PG-A and PG-B involved the decompositions of cellulose and hemicellulose in the range of 162-400 °C and of lignin in the range of 400-600 °C...

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention in the past few years because of its interesting and promising electrical, thermal, mechanical, and structural properties. These properties can be altered, as GO can be readily functionalized. Brodie synthesized the GO in 1859 by reacting graphite with KClO3 in the presence of fuming HNO3 ; the reaction took 3-4 days to complete at 333 K. Since then, various schemes have been developed to reduce the reaction time, increase the yield, and minimize the release of toxic byproducts (NO2 and N2 O4 )...