keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493476/ankrd26-is-a-retinoic-acid-responsive-plasma-membrane-binding-and-shaping-protein-critical-for-proper-cell-differentiation
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Sofie Englisch, Sarah Ann Hofbrucker-MacKenzie, Maryam Izadi-Seitz, Michael Manfred Kessels, Britta Qualmann
Morphogens are important triggers for differentiation processes. Yet, downstream effectors that organize cell shape changes in response to morphogenic cues, such as retinoic acid, largely remain elusive. Additionally, derailed plasma membrane-derived signaling often is associated with cancer. We identify Ankrd26 as a critical player in cellular differentiation and as plasma membrane-localized protein able to self-associate and form clusters at the plasma membrane in response to retinoic acid. We show that Ankrd26 uses an N-terminal amphipathic structure for membrane binding and bending...
March 15, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492727/stroke-prevention-in-blunt-cerebrovascular-injury-role-of-aspirin-81-mg
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sina Asaadi, Christopher B Khoury, Julia Han, Martin G Rosenthal, Allen G Murga, Justin Dye, Kaushik Mukherjee, Miguel Lopez-Gonzalez, Ian Kershisnik, Marie L Crandall, Maryam B Tabrizi
BACKGROUND: The stroke rate in blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) varies from 25% without treatment to less than 8% with antithrombotic therapy (ATT). There is no consensus on the optimal management to prevent stroke BCVI. We investigated the efficacy and safety of oral Aspirin (ASA) 81 mg to prevent BCVI-related stroke compared to historically reported stroke rates with ASA 325 mg and heparin. METHOD: A single-center retrospective study included adult trauma patients who received oral ASA 81 mg for BCVI management between 2013 and 2022...
March 14, 2024: Annals of Vascular Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492671/estro-siope-guideline-clinical-management-of-radiotherapy-in-atypical-teratoid-rhabdoid-tumors-at-rts
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beate Timmermann, Claire Alapetite, Karin Dieckmann, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Yasmin Lassen-Ramshad, John H Maduro, Monica Ramos Albiac, Umberto Ricardi, Damien C Weber
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment of patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid (AT/RT) is challenging, especially when very young (below the age of three years). Radiotherapy (RT) is part of a complex trimodality therapy. The purpose of this guideline is to provide appropriate recommendations for RT in the clinical management of patients not enrolled in clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine European experts were nominated to form a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) guideline committee...
March 14, 2024: Radiotherapy and Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492476/chronic-dietary-iron-overload-affects-hepatic-iron-metabolism-and-cognitive-behavior-in-wistar-rats
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Padmaja Anil Shete, Niraj Sudhir Ghatpande, Mokshada Evameshwar Varma, Pranav Vijay Joshi, Komal Ravindra Suryavanshi, Ashwini Vivek Misar, Sachin Hanumantrao Jadhav, Priti Parag Apte, Prasad Padmakar Kulkarni
BACKGROUND: Iron accumulation in organs affects iron metabolism, leading to deleterious effects on the body. Previously, it was studied that high dietary iron in various forms and concentrations influences iron metabolism, resulting in iron accumulation in the liver and spleen and cognitive impairment. However, the actual mechanism and impact of long-term exposure to high dietary iron remain unknown. As a result, we postulated that iron overload caused by chronic exposure to excessive dietary iron supplementation would play a role in iron dyshomeostasis and inflammation in the liver and brain of Wistar rats...
March 2, 2024: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492441/when-does-perceptual-organization-happen
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexis D J Makin, Ned Buckley, Emma Austin, Marco Bertamini
Reflectional (mirror) symmetry is an important visual cue for perceptual organization. The brain processes symmetry rapidly and efficiently. Previous work suggests that symmetry activates the extrastriate cortex and generates an event related potential (ERP) called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). It has been claimed that no tasks completely block symmetry processing and abolish the SPN. We tested the limits of this claim with a series of eight new Electroencephalography (EEG) experiments (344 participants in total)...
March 1, 2024: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492440/updating-functional-brain-units-insights-far-beyond-luria
#6
REVIEW
Jordi Peña-Casanova, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides, Jorge Sigg-Alonso
This paper reviews Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. To meet this objective, several issues were reviewed: the theory of functional systems and the contributions of phylogenesis and embryogenesis to the brain's functional organization. This review revealed several facts. In the first place, the relationship/integration of basic homeostatic needs with complex forms of behavior. Secondly, the multi-scale hierarchical and distributed organization of the brain and interactions between cells and systems...
February 29, 2024: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492275/regoma-oss-a-large-italian-multicenter-prospective-observational-study-evaluating-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-regorafenib-in-patients-with-recurrent-glioblastoma
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Caccese, I Desideri, V Villani, M Simonelli, M Buglione, S Chiesa, E Franceschi, P Gaviani, I Stasi, C Caserta, S Brugnara, I Lolli, E Bennicelli, P Bini, A S Cuccu, S Scoccianti, M Padovan, S Gori, A Bonetti, P Giordano, A Pellerino, F Gregucci, N Riva, S Cinieri, V Internò, M Santoni, G Pernice, C Dealis, L Stievano, F Paiar, G Magni, G L De Salvo, V Zagonel, G Lombardi
BACKGROUND: In the randomized phase II REGOMA trial, regorafenib showed promising activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We conducted a large, multicenter, prospective, observational study to confirm the REGOMA data in a real-world setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The major inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification and relapse after radiotherapy with concurrent/adjuvant temozolomide treatment, good performance status [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS 0-1)] and good liver function...
March 15, 2024: ESMO Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492271/resting-state-eeg-rhythms-are-abnormal-in-post-covid-19-patients-with-brain-fog-without-cognitive-and-affective-disorders
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudio Babiloni, Elio Gentilini Cacciola, Federico Tucci, Paolo Vassalini, Agnese Chilovi, Dharmendra Jakhar, Andreea Maria Musat, Marco Salvatore, Andrea Soricelli, Fabrizio Stocchi, Laura Vacca, Raffaele Ferri, Valentina Catania, Claudio Mastroianni, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Giuseppe Noce
OBJECTIVES: Several persons experiencing post-covid-19 (post-COVID) with "brain fog" (e.g., fatigue, cognitive and psychiatric disorders, etc.) show abnormal resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms reflecting a vigilance dysfunction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in those post-COVID persons, abnormal rsEEG rhythms may occur even when cognitive and psychiatric disorders are absent. METHODS: The experiments were performed on post-COVID participants about one year after hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection...
March 6, 2024: Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492128/effects-of-second-language-acquisition-on-brain-functional-networks-at-different-developmental-stages
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiajia Li, Chaofan Yao, Yongchao Li, Xia Liu, Ziyang Zhao, Yingying Shang, Jing Yang, Zhijun Yao, Yucen Sheng, Bin Hu
Previous studies have shown that language acquisition influences both the structure and function of the brain. However, whether the acquisition of a second language at different periods of life alters functional network organization in different ways remains unclear. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 27 English-speaking monolingual controls and 52 Spanish-English bilingual individuals, including 22 early bilinguals who began learning a second language before the age of ten and 30 late bilinguals who started learning a second language at age fourteen or later, were collected from the OpenNeuro database...
March 16, 2024: Brain Imaging and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491658/physical-effects-of-learning
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Menachem Stern, Andrea J Liu, Vijay Balasubramanian
Interacting many-body physical systems ranging from neural networks in the brain to folding proteins to self-modifying electrical circuits can learn to perform diverse tasks. This learning, both in nature and in engineered systems, can occur through evolutionary selection or through dynamical rules that drive active learning from experience. Here, we show that learning in linear physical networks with weak input signals leaves architectural imprints on the Hessian of a physical system. Compared to a generic organization of the system components, (a) the effective physical dimension of the response to inputs decreases, (b) the response of physical degrees of freedom to random perturbations (or system "susceptibility") increases, and (c) the low-eigenvalue eigenvectors of the Hessian align with the task...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491505/abcg2a-is-the-functional-homolog-of-human-abcg2-expressed-at-the-zebrafish-blood-brain-barrier
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanna R Thomas, William J E Frye, Robert W Robey, Andrew C Warner, Donna Butcher, Jennifer L Matta, Tamara C Morgan, Elijah F Edmondson, Paula B Salazar, Suresh V Ambudkar, Michael M Gottesman
BACKGROUND: A principal protective component of the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the high expression of the multidrug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and ABCG2 (encoded by ABCG2) on the lumenal surface of endothelial cells. The zebrafish P-gp homolog Abcb4 is expressed at the BBB and phenocopies human P-gp. Comparatively little is known about the four zebrafish homologs of the human ABCG2 gene: abcg2a, abcg2b, abcg2c, and abcg2d. Here we report the functional characterization and brain tissue distribution of zebrafish ABCG2 homologs...
March 15, 2024: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491427/using-team-based-precision-medicine-to-advance-understanding-of-rare-genetic-brain-disorders
#12
REVIEW
Steven U Walkley, Sophie Molholm, Bryen Jordan, Robert W Marion, Melissa Wasserstein
We describe a multidisciplinary teamwork approach known as "Operation IDD Gene Team" developed by the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (RFK IDDRC) at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. This initiative brings families affected by rare genetic diseases that cause intellectual and developmental disability together with physicians, basic scientists, and their trainees. At team meetings, family members share their child's medical and personal history, physicians describe the broader clinical consequences of the condition, and scientists provide accessible tutorials focused on the fundamental biology of relevant genes...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491338/role-of-cytoskeletal-elements-in-regulation-of-synaptic-functions-implications-toward-alzheimer-s-disease-and-phytochemicals-based-interventions
#13
REVIEW
Harkomal Verma, Sharanjot Kaur, Sukhchain Kaur, Prabhakar Gangwar, Monisha Dhiman, Anil Kumar Mantha
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial disease, is characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. AD is triggered via several factors like alteration in cytoskeletal proteins, a mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the cytoskeletal elements. Owing to the major structural and functional role of cytoskeletal elements, like the organization of axon initial segmentation, dendritic spines, synaptic regulation, and delivery of cargo at the synapse; modulation of these elements plays an important role in AD pathogenesis; like Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes the microtubules, and it also causes inhibition of nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation by disrupting the integrity of nuclear pore complex...
March 16, 2024: Molecular Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491322/from-degraded-to-deciphered-atac-seq-s-application-potential-in-forensic-diagnosis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manrui Li, Yuntian Jin, Yang Xu, Yihan Sun, Ruixuan Yuan, Xiao Zhang, Shengqiu Qu, Meili Lv, Miao Liao, Weibo Liang, Lin Zhang, Xiameng Chen
In recent years, molecular biology-based diagnostic techniques have made remarkable strides and are now extensively utilized in clinical practice, providing invaluable insights for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, forensic medicine, especially forensic pathology, has witnessed relatively limited progress in the application of molecular biology technologies. A significant challenge in employing molecular techniques for forensic diagnoses lies in the quantitative and qualitative changes observed in diagnostic markers due to sample degradation-a recognized and formidable obstacle...
March 16, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491247/single-cell-transcriptome-analysis-upon-ecm-remodeling-meningioma-cells
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen-Qiang Che, Yu-Jiao Wang, Liu Yang, Hong-Qin Wang, Xiang-Yu Wang, Jun Lyu
Meningiomas are the most common tumours that primarily arise in the central nervous system, but their intratumoural heterogeneity has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to investigate the transcriptome characteristics and biological properties of ECM-remodeling meningioma cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) data from meningioma samples were acquired and used for analyses. We conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, including screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis on single-cell sequencing data from meningiomas...
March 16, 2024: Neurosurgical Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490940/pet-ct-in-comparison-with-pet-mri-as-an-imaging-modality-in-the-management-of-gliomas-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#16
REVIEW
Bareq S Al-Lami, Baqer S Al-Lami, Yasir S Al-Lami
INTRODUCTION: Gliomas are the most commonly occurring type of primary brain tumors. They account for 32% of all brain tumors and 80% of all malignant intracranial tumors. Gliomas are separated into four grades according to the World Health Organization. While low-grade gliomas generally have a favorable outlook, high-grade gliomas cause significant morbidity and mortality Given the lack of clarity about the causes of gliomas and their potential lethality, early diagnosis and identification is crucial...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490499/hierarchical-control-over-foraging-behavior-by-anterior-cingulate-cortex
#17
REVIEW
Ricardo J Alejandro, Clay B Holroyd
Foraging is a natural behavior that involves making sequential decisions to maximize rewards while minimizing the costs incurred when doing so. The prevalence of foraging across species suggests that a common brain computation underlies its implementation. Although anterior cingulate cortex is believed to contribute to foraging behavior, its specific role has been contentious, with predominant theories arguing either that it encodes environmental value or choice difficulty. Additionally, recent attempts to characterize foraging have taken place within the reinforcement learning framework, with increasingly complex models scaling with task complexity...
March 13, 2024: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489895/task-sub-type-states-decoding-via-group-deep-bidirectional-recurrent-neural-network
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shijie Zhao, Long Fang, Yang Yang, Guochang Tang, Guoxin Luo, Junwei Han, Tianming Liu, Xintao Hu
Decoding brain states under different cognitive tasks from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has attracted great attention in the neuroimaging filed. However, the well-known temporal dependency in fMRI sequences has not been fully exploited in existing studies, due to the limited temporal-modeling capacity of the backbone machine learning algorithms and rigid training sample organization strategies upon which the brain decoding methods are built. To address these limitations, we propose a novel method for fine-grain brain state decoding, namely, group deep bidirectional recurrent neural network (Group-DBRNN) model...
March 6, 2024: Medical Image Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489768/glycocalyx-mimicking-nanoparticles-with-differential-organ-selectivity-for-drug-delivery-and-therapy
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dohyeon Kim, Chang-Hee Whang, Jungwoo Hong, Monica Celine Prayogo, Wonsik Jung, Seojung Lee, Hocheol Shin, Yujin Kim, Jiyoung Yu, Min Joong Kim, Kyunggon Kim, Hee-Seung Lee, Sangyong Jon
Organ-selective drug delivery is expected to maximize the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities while minimizing their systemic toxicity. Lipid nanoparticles and polymersomes can direct the organ-selective delivery of mRNAs or gene editing machineries, but their delivery has been limited to mostly liver, spleen, and lung. We urgently need a platform that enables delivery to these and other target organs. Here, we generate a library of glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (GlyNPs) comprising five randomly combined sugar moieties and use direct in vivo library screening to identify GlyNPs with preferential biodistribution in liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, heart, and brain...
March 15, 2024: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489748/navigating-pubertal-goldilocks-the-optimal-pace-for-hierarchical-brain-organization
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanna Szakács, Murat Can Mutlu, Giulio Balestrieri, Ferenc Gombos, Jochen Braun, Morten L Kringelbach, Gustavo Deco, Ilona Kovács
Adolescence is a timed process with an onset, tempo, and duration. Nevertheless, the temporal dimension, especially the pace of maturation, remains an insufficiently studied aspect of developmental progression. The primary objective is to estimate the precise influence of pubertal maturational tempo on the configuration of associative brain regions. To this end, the connection between maturational stages and the level of hierarchical organization of large-scale brain networks in 12-13-year-old females is analyzed...
March 15, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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