peptide array

The accumulation of the amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) is central to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism by which Aβ triggers a cascade of events that leads to dementia is a topic of intense investigation. Aβ self-associates into a series of complex assemblies with different structural and biophysical properties. It is the interaction of these oligomeric, protofibril and fibrillar assemblies with lipid membranes, or with membrane receptors, that results in membrane permeability and loss of cellular homeostasis, a key event in Alzheimer's disease pathology...

Diabetes currently affects approximately 500 million people worldwide and is one of the most common causes of mortality in the United States. To diagnose and monitor diabetes, finger-prick blood glucose testing has long been used as the clinical gold standard. For diabetes treatment, insulin is typically delivered subcutaneously through cannula-based syringes, pens, or pumps in almost all type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients and some type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. These painful, invasive approaches can cause non-adherence to glucose testing and insulin therapy...

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most devastating diseases that cause severe yield loss in Gloriosa superba cultivation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are extensively harnessed as biocontrol agents due to their effectiveness in combating a wide array of plant pathogens through a multifaceted approach. The present study delved into the mechanisms underlying its ability to inhibit root rot pathogen and its capacity to promote plant growth in G. superba, commonly known as glory lily...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as NAFLD, has ascended to prominence as the predominant chronic liver disease in Western countries and now stands as a leading cause of liver transplantations. In the more advanced stage, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), may lead to fibrosis, a gateway to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Despite extensive research and exploration of various drug mechanisms, the anticipation for the inaugural approved drug to materialize by 2024 is palpable, marking a significant milestone...

The Castleman triad has been described in a select few patients presenting with a retroperitoneal mass, mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris, and bronchiolitis obliterans. Here, we describe the Castleman triad in a 19-year-old male with unicentric hyaline vascular type Castleman disease (HV-CD). This patient presented with an array of positive antibodies, including anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, anti-double-stranded DNA, and Sjogren's IgG. Interestingly, the patient's rheumatologic symptoms resolved after tumor resection, while his antibody profile remained relatively unchanged...

Chirality transfer for natural chiral biomolecules can reveal the indispensable role of chiral structures in life and can be used to develop the chirality-sensing biomolecular recognition. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of achiral supramolecular organic frameworks (SOF-1, SOF-2, and SOF-3), constructed from cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives (1, 2, and 3), respectively, as chirality-sensing platforms to explore their chirality transfer mechanism for peptides in water...

Methods for selective covalent modification of amino acids on proteins can enable a diverse array of applications, spanning probes and modulators of protein function to proteomics1-3 . Owing to their high nucleophilicity, cysteine and lysine residues are the most common points of attachment for protein bioconjugation chemistry through acid-base reactivity3,4 . Here we report a redox-based strategy for bioconjugation of tryptophan, the rarest amino acid, using oxaziridine reagents that mimic oxidative cyclization reactions in indole-based alkaloid biosynthetic pathways to achieve highly efficient and specific tryptophan labelling...

Apart from mediating viral entry, the function of the free HIV-1 envelope protein (gp120) has yet to be elucidated. Our group previously showed that EP2 derived from one β-strand in gp120 can form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity. Importantly, gp120 contains ~30 β-strands. We examined whether gp120 might serve as a precursor protein for the proteolytic release of amyloidogenic fragments that form amyloid fibrils, thereby promoting viral infection. Peptide array scanning, enzyme degradation assays, and viral infection experiments in vitro confirmed that many β-stranded peptides derived from gp120 can indeed form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity...

Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing enables reliable antibiotic screening but requires multiple strategies to identify each phenotypic change induced by different bactericidal mechanisms. Bacteria apoptosis with typical phenotypic features has never been explored for antibiotic screening. Herein, we developed an antibiotic screening method based on the measurement of antibiotic-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of apoptotic bacteria. Phosphatidylserine externalization of E. coli that can be widely used as an apoptosis marker for antibiotics with different antibacterial mechanisms was explored...

BACKGROUND: Electromembrane extraction (EME) involves the process of mass transfer of charged analytes from an aqueous sample through an organic liquid membrane into an aqueous acceptor medium under the influence of an electrical field. Successful solvation of the analyte within the liquid membrane is of paramount importance and involves molecular interactions with the liquid membrane. In this comprehensive investigation, parallel EME was examined using a training set of 13 model peptides employing deep eutectic solvents as the liquid membrane...

BACKGROUND: Isomaltulose is a 'generally recognized as safe' ingredient and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Exploration and development of efficient technologies are essential for enhancing isomaltulose yield. RESULTS: In this study, a simple and efficient surface display platform mediated by a non-yeast signal peptide was developed in Yarrowia lipolytica and was utilized to efficiently produce isomaltulose from sucrose. We discovered that the signal peptide SP1 of sucrose isomerase from Pantoea dispersa UQ68J (PdSI) could guide SIs anchoring to the cell surface of Y...

Drought stress poses a severe threat to global wheat production, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the genetic basis for drought tolerance associated traits. This study employed a 90 K SNP array to conduct a genome-wide association analysis, unravelling genetic determinants of key traits related to drought tolerance in wheat, namely plant height, root length, and root and shoot dry weight. Using the mixed linear model (MLM) method on 125 wheat accessions subjected to both well-watered and drought stress treatments, we identified 53 SNPs significantly associated with stress susceptibility (SSI) and tolerance indices (STI) for the targeted traits...

Enzymes catalyzing peptide macrocyclization are important biochemical tools in drug discovery. The <u>three</u>-residue <u>cy</u>clophane-<u>f</u>orming <u>e</u>nzyme<u>s</u> (3-CyFEs) are an emerging family of post-translational modifying enzymes that catalyze the formation of three-residue peptide cyclophanes. In this report, we introduce three additional 3-CyFEs, including ChlB, WnsB, and FnnB, that catalyze cyclophane formation on Tyr, Trp, and Phe, respectively...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that participate in multiple physiological processes under the control of redox homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, the over-production of ROS often leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, indicating a potential therapeutic target. With the rapid development of nucleic acid nanotechnology, scientists have exploited various DNA nanostructures with remarkable biocompatibility, programmability, and structural stability...

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern due to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which makes it difficult to treat infection. Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against a diverse array of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larval antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have demonstrated potential as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial infections and prevention of antibiotic resistance. This study emphasizes the unexplored mechanisms of action of R...

Background: Microarray technology has brought significant advancements to high-throughput analysis, particularly in the comprehensive study of biomolecular interactions involving proteins, peptides, and antibodies, as well as in the fields of gene expression and genotyping. With the ever-increasing volume and intricacy of microarray data, an accurate, reliable and reproducible analysis is essential. Furthermore, there is a high level of variation in the format of microarrays. This not only holds true between different sample types but is also due to differences in the hardware used during the production of the arrays, as well as the personal preferences of the individual users...

The potential emergence of zoonotic diseases has raised significant concerns, particularly in light of the recent pandemic, emphasizing the urgent need for scientific preparedness. The bioprospection and characterization of new molecules are strategically relevant to the research and development of innovative drugs for viral and bacterial treatment and disease management. Amphibian species possess a diverse array of compounds, including antimicrobial peptides. This study identified the first bioactive peptide from Salamandra salamandra in a transcriptome analysis...

Carbohydrates play pivotal roles in an array of essential biologic processes and are consequently involved in many diseases. To meet the needs of glycobiology research, chemical enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods have been developed to generate glycoconjugates with well-defined structures. Herein, harnessing the unique properties of C6-oxidized glycans, we report a straightforward and robust strategy for site- and stereo-selective glyco-modification of biomolecules with N-terminal tryptophan by a carbohydrate-promoted Pictet-Spengler reaction, which is not adapted to typical aldehyde substrates under biocompatible conditions...

Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that act as motile, sensory, and secretory organelles. These structures receive information from the environment and transmit downstream signals to the cell body. Cilia also release vesicular ectosomes that bud from the ciliary membrane and carry an array of bioactive enzymes and peptide products. Peptidergic signals represent an ancient mode of intercellular communication, and in metazoans are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and various other physiological processes and responses...

Venoms comprise highly sophisticated bioactive molecules modulating ion channels, receptors, coagulation factors, and the cellular membranes. This array of targets and bioactivities requires advanced high-content bioassays to facilitate the development of novel envenomation treatments and biotechnological and pharmacological agents. In response to the existing gap in venom research, we developed a cutting-edge fluorescence-based high-throughput and high-content cellular assay. This assay enables the simultaneous identification of prevalent cellular activities induced by venoms such as membrane lysis, pore formation, and ion channel modulation...