Cerebral Gliomas

BACKGROUND: Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas (pLGG) harboring recurrent genetic alterations involving MYB or MYBL1 are closely related tumors. Detailed treatment and outcome data of large cohorts are still limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate pLGG with these alterations to define optimal therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed details of pLGG with MYB or MYBL1 alterations from patients treated or referred for pathologic review at St...

BACKGROUND: Stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome) defined as Takotsubo syndrome is defined as a reversible acute myocardial syndrome with myocardial injury with regional wall motion abnormality and no coronary explanations in the context of stress. The pathophysiology remains partially unknown, and these cases are probably underestimated in paediatrics. We report six cases of Takotsubo probably secondary to neurological damage. CASE SUMMARY: Six patients (10, 13, 16, 10, and 9 years and 5 months) presented with haemodynamic lability with echocardiography data leading to suspicion of Takotsubo syndrome...

Scutellarin is widely distributed in Scutellaria baicalensis, family Labiatae, and Calendula officinalis, family Asteraceae, and belongs to flavonoids. Scutellarin has a wide range of pharmacological activities, it is widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, cerebral thrombosis, coronary heart disease, and other diseases. It is a natural product with great research and development prospects. In recent years, with in-depth research, researchers have found that wild scutellarin also has good therapeutic effects in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-virus, treatment of metabolic diseases, and protection of kidney...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical, qualitative and quantitative imaging phenotypes, including tumor oxygenation characteristics of midline-located IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs) and H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) in adults. METHODS: Preoperative MRI data of 55 adult patients with midline-located IDH-wildtype GBM or H3 K27-altered DMG (32 IDH-wildtype GBM and 23 H3 K27-altered DMG patients) were included. Qualitative imaging assessment was performed...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) sometimes occurs in the background of hypercoagulopathic disorders, including malignancy, chemotherapy, etc. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy found in the central nervous system, and reports on cases of GBM complicated by CVST are sparse. The authors herein report a case of GBM complicated by CVST during maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and describe the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of CVST...

BACKGROUND: Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystem autoimmune relapsing vasculitis with an almost unknown etiology involving both large and small vessels. The neurological involvement called neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) is rare. NBD can be responsible for tumor-like masses mimicking low-grade gliomas in only a few cases. METHODS: We report here the main characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 43 patients (4 personal cases and 39 patients from the literature) with a pseudotumoral presentation of NBD (PT NBD)...

BACKGROUND: Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (H3 K27M-altered DMG) are invariably lethal, disproportionately affecting the young and without effective treatment besides radiotherapy. The 2016 WHO CNS Tumors Classification defined H3K27M mutations as pathognomonic but restricted diagnosis to diffuse gliomas involving midline structures by 2018. Dordaviprone (ONC201) is an oral investigational small molecule, DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist associated with durable responses in recurrent H3K27M-mutant DMG...

AIMS: Disturbances in the circadian rhythm are positively correlated with the processes of aging and related neurodegenerative diseases, which are also associated with brain iron accumulation. However, the role of brain iron in regulating the biological rhythm is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of brain iron levels on the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice with altered brain iron levels and further explored the potential mechanisms governing these effects in vitro...

Among low-grade gliomas, representing 10-20% of all primary brain tumours, the paradigmatic entity is constituted by pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), considered a grade 1 tumour by the World Health Organization. Generally, this tumour requires surgical treatment with an infrequent progression towards malignant gliomas. The present review focuses on clinicopathological characteristics, and reports imaging, neurosurgical and molecular features using a multidisciplinary approach. Macroscopically, PA is a slow-growing soft grey tissue, characteristically presenting in association with a cyst and forming a small mural nodule, typically located in the cerebellum, but sometimes occurring in the spinal cord, basal ganglia or cerebral hemisphere...

PURPOSE: Bevacizumab has evolved as an integral treatment option for patients with high-grade gliomas. Little is known about clinical risk factors that predispose patients with high-grade gliomas receiving bevacizumab to VTE or ICH. We sought to characterize the clinical risk factors associated with risk of either event. METHODS: In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we first evaluated patients with high-grade gliomas who were treated with bevacizumab at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2015-2021...

The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic capacity of and design a diagnostic algorithm for dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSCE-MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) in grading low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). This retrospective study enrolled 57 patients, of which 14 had LGG and 43 had HGG, five had World Health Organization grade 1, nine had grade 2, 20 had grade 3 and 23 had grade 4 glioma. All subjects underwent a standard 3T MRI brain tumor protocol with conventional MRI (cMRI) and advanced techniques, including DSCE-MRI and 1 H-MRS...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review relevant advances in the past half-decade in the treatment of primary brain tumors via modification of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. RECENT FINDINGS: BBB disruption is becoming increasingly common in the treatment of primary brain tumors. Use of mannitol in BBB disruption for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics via superselective intra-arterial cerebral infusion (SIACI) is the most utilized strategy to modify the BBB. Mannitol is used in conjunction with chemotherapeutics, oligonucleotides, and other active agents...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Among these immune cell populations, microglia have been well-studied for their roles in normal brain development, neurodegeneration, and brain cancers. BAMs, mostly located in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, are now gaining increased attention due to advancements in multi-omics technologies and genetic methodologies...

OBJECTIVES: CT and MR are often needed to determine the location and extent of brain lesions collectively to improve diagnosis. However, patients with acute brain diseases cannot complete the MRI examination within a short time. The aim of the study is to devise a cross-device and cross-modal medical image synthesis (MIS) method Cross2 SynNet for synthesizing routine brain MRI sequences of T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and DWI from CT with stroke and brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the retrospective study, the participants covered four different diseases of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS-cohort), cerebral hemorrhage (CH-cohort), meningioma (M-cohort), glioma (G-cohort)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the value of 3.0T magnetic resonance three-dimensional arterial spin labeling imaging (3D-ASL) technology in the differential diagnosis of recurrence and pseudo-progression of high-grade gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with high-grade glioma were selected as research objects. All 50 patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the lesions were found to be enlarged or abnormally enhanced. All the patients were examined using the 3...

INTRODUCTION: Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are among the most aggressive and devastating of cancers, commonly producing profound progressive disability and leading to death in most cases. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium-based contrast agents is the most widely established and most useful tool in the characterization of cerebral tumors including Glioblastomas. This study aims to describe the imaging characteristics of Glioblastoma in African patients using conventional MR imaging...

OBJECTIVE: To establish a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict MRI enhancement patterns of glioma based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images for optimizing the workflow of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of glioma patients. METHODS: We retrospectively collected preoperative MR T2-FLAIR images from 385 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma, who were divided into enhancing and non-enhancing groups according to the enhancement pattern...

Cerebral glial tumors have become increasingly common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. The present study aimed to report a series of such cases, explore their clinical and pathological characteristics and subject all the reported cases to a survival analysis. The characteristics, management and prognosis of 10 HIV-positive patients with brain gliomas enrolled in a single hospital were investigated in detail. Immunohistochemical assessment of CD31, CD68 and CD163 was performed in the 10 HIV-positive patients with glioma and 18 HIV-negative patients with glioma...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the microvascular features of three types of adult-type diffuse glioma by comparing dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intraoperative high-frame-rate ultrafast Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: Case series of seven patients with primary brain tumours underwent both DSC perfusion MRI and intra-operative high-frame-rate ultrafast Doppler ultrasound. From the ultrasound images, three-dimensional vessel segmentation was obtained of the tumour vascular bed...