Beta adrenoceptor

BACKGROUND: People with hypertension have a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), epidemiological evidence suggests that multiple antihypertensives may affect the occurrence and development of PD with inconsistent results. With multisource data, we sought to determine whether specific antihypertensive classes elevated or reduced the risk for PD. METHODS: We used a mixed methods approach that combines 4 methodologies. First, we conducted a disproportionality analysis using the reports causing adverse events in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) to explore the effect of different classes of antihypertensive medications on the risk of PD; based on the findings from FAERS, a meta-analysis and a UK Biobank cohort analysis were used to further assess the association of drug use with PD; finally, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to validate the causal relationship between the drug target and the occurrence of PD...

This study was to investigate urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration as a biomarker for overactive bladder (OAB) and predictor of treatment outcomes in women receiving the beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron. The study comprised 50 women identified with OAB and 35 women considered as healthy controls. All women with OAB received daily dosage of 50 mg of mirabegron for 12 weeks. Bladder diaries, OAB-related questionnaires, and global response assessment scale (GRAS) data were collected. Urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...

Stress substantially increases the risk of developing painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by influencing the release of endogenous catecholamines. Propranolol, an antagonist of β-adrenergic receptors, has shown potential in alleviating TMD-associated pain, particularly when the level of catecholamines is elevated. The aim of this study was to explore whether intra-articular propranolol administration is effective in diminishing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain during repeated stress situations...

BACKGROUND: Cyclic nucleotides are second messengers, which play significant roles in numerous biological processes. Previous work has shown that cAMP and cGMP signaling regulates various pathways in liver cells, including Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and cellular components of hepatic sinusoids. Importantly, it has been shown that cAMP levels and enzymes involved in cAMP homeostasis are affected by alcohol. Although the role of cyclic nucleotide signaling is strongly implicated in several pathological pathways in liver diseases, studies describing the changes in genes regulating cyclic nucleotide metabolism in ALD are lacking...

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen due to subendothelial lipid accumulation, with hypercholesterolemia being a major risk factor. Despite the recent advances in effective lipid-lowering therapies, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality globally, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In this article, we reviewed the sympathetic innervation in the vasculature, norepinephrine synthesis and metabolism, sympathetic activity measurement, and common signaling pathways of sympathetic activation...

Higenamine (Hige), a plant derived alkaloid is classified as β2 agonist by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). However, pharmacologic mechanisms of its performance-enhancing activity have not been investigated so far. Therefore, we investigate the anabolic activity and associated molecular mechanisms of Hige in C2C12 myotubes. In differentiated C2C12 cells dose-dependent effects of Hige on myotube size were analyzed. The mRNA expression of genes involved in hypertrophy was measured. For mechanistic studies, β2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2), androgen receptor (AR), and estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors and dexamethasone (Dexa) were co-incubated and myotube diameter was evaluated...

Depression is caused by a variety of factors such as genetic factors, biological factors, and psychosocial factors, and the pathogenesis is complex. RNA methylations and related downstream signaling pathways influence a variety of biological mechanisms, including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, sex determination, and stress response. In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Science and Technology (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the biological roles of RNA methylations and their impact on the pathological mechanisms of depression...

Objective: Antihypertensive medications have been examined as agents for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevention in trauma-exposed individuals, given well-documented associations between PTSD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and purported trauma-relevant mechanisms of action for these medications. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of such drugs for this purpose remains mixed. Methods: We conducted a national population-based cohort study using data from Danish national registries to assess whether 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs (beta-adrenoceptor blockers [beta blockers], angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers) were associated with a decreased incidence of PTSD (diagnosed according to ICD-10 ) over a 22-year study period...

Mirabegron is one of the recently introduced treatments for overactive bladder which avoids the undue effects of antimuscarinics such as constipation, headache, and dry mouth. This study investigated chronic relatively high doses of beta3 adrenergic receptor activation effect on electrolyte hemostasis and possible consequence on the central nervous system viability. In the present study, serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ion levels using flame photometry had been measured and eosin and hematoxylin staining for cerebral vasculature in the brain striatum...

Despite recent advances in heart failure (HF) therapy, the risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, morbidity, and HF hospitalization (HFH) are major challenges in HF treatment. We aimed to review the potential of vericiguat as a treatment option for HF. A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov. Four randomized controlled trials were identified, which study the safety and efficacy of vericiguat in HF patients. Vericiguat activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by binding to the beta-subunit, bypassing the requirement for NO-induced activation...

Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1 -AR, α2 -AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation...

In this review article the current model of the interaction between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the immune system in the context of chronic inflammation is presented. Mechanisms in the interaction between the SNS and the immune system are shown, which are similar for all disease entities: 1) the biphasic effect of the sympathetic system on the inflammatory response with a proinflammatory, stimulating effect before and during the activation of the immune system (early) and a more inhibitory effect in late phases of immune activation (chronic)...

Enhancing meat production and quality is the eternal theme for pig breeding industries. Fat deposition has always been the focus of research in practical production because it is closely linked to pig production efficiency and pork quality. In the current study, multi-omics techniques were performed to explore the modulatory mechanisms of backfat (BF) accumulation at three core developmental stages for Ningxiang pigs. Our results identify that 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 9 significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) contribute to the BF development via the cAMP signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids...

PURPOSE: To assess the prescribing practices for overactive bladder (OAB) pharmacotherapy based on the prescription trend analysis across different specialties of India. METHOD: s: IQVIA (Quintiles and IMS Health) secondary sales audit (SSA), as well as a prescription audit for antimuscarinics and beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists (mirabegron) from 2014 to 2021, were analyzed. The data includes SSA data of various antimuscarinics like solifenacin, oxybutynin, tolterodine, darifenacin, trospium and mirabegron change in the prescription trend of antimuscarinics and mirabegron across different specialties; prescribers overlap analysis for solifenacin and mirabegron among Indian urologists were also analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: Although β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists have been associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the findings are inconclusive and may reflect confounding by indication. We studied the association between inhaled β2AR agonists and risk of PD in persons with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: The nested case-control study was conducted within a register-based Finnish Parkinson's disease study (FINPARK) and included 1406 clinically verified PD cases diagnosed during 1999-2015, who also had asthma/COPD >3 years before PD...

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) accounts for between 1 and 4% of cases presenting clinically as an acute coronary syndrome. It typically presents as a transient cardiac phenotype of left ventricular dysfunction with spontaneous recovery. More dramatic presentations may include cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Despite progress in the understanding of the condition since its first description in 1990, considerable questions remain into understanding underlying pathomechanisms. In this review article, we describe the current published data on potential underlying mechanisms associated with the onset of TTS including sympathetic nervous system over-stimulation, structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system, catecholamine secretion, alterations in the balance and distribution of adrenergic receptors, the additive impact of hormones including oestrogen, epicardial coronary or microvascular spasm, endothelial dysfunction, and genetics as potentially contributing to the cascade of events leading to the onset...

The beta-adrenoceptor blocker timolol maleate (TML) is a commonly used pharmaceutical agent for the management of glaucoma. Conventional eye drops have limitations due to biological or pharmaceutical factors. Therefore, TML-loaded ethosomes have been designed to mitigate these restrictions and give a viable solution for reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The ethosomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. Integrating the Box-Behnken experimental strategy, the optimal formulation was identified...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by atherosclerotic plaque buildup that can lead to partial or full obstruction of blood flow in the coronary arteries. Treatment for CAD involves a combination of lifestyle changes, pharmacologic therapy, and modern revascularization procedures. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (or beta-blockers) have been widely used for decades as a key therapy for CAD. In this review, prior studies are examined to better understand beta-adrenoceptor antagonist use in patients with acute coronary syndrome, stable coronary heart disease, and in the perioperative setting...

Rhythms of electrical activity in all regions of the heart can be influenced by a variety of intracellular membrane bound organelles. This is true both for normal pacemaker activity and for abnormal rhythms including those caused by early and delayed afterdepolarizations under pathological conditions. The influence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on cardiac electrical activity is widely recognized, but other intracellular organelles including lysosomes and mitochondria also contribute. Intracellular organelles can provide a timing mechanism (such as an SR clock driven by cyclic uptake and release of Ca2+ , with an important influence of intraluminal Ca2+ ), and/or can act as a Ca2+ store involved in signalling mechanisms...

OBJECTIVE: The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis. METHODS: We used histopathology, molecular, proteomic, transcriptomic, in vivo integrative physiological and ex vivo biochemical approaches to determine the impact of adipose tissue-specific deletion of ADAM17 upon adipocyte and whole organism metabolic physiology...