İntraabdominal infections

Unplanned reoperations have not been studied extensively in pediatric patients, especially concerning risk factors. We aim to estimate the rate of unplanned reoperations and to determine the associated factors in pediatric general surgical specialties.This analysis included a retrospective case-control study of unplanned reoperations from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2017 in the general surgical specialties. For each case, we identified approximately 2 randomly selected controls who underwent the same type of operation...

Omental cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign intraabdominal anomaly with uncertain etiology, predominantly occurring in children. Most cases of abdominal lymphangioma are asymptomatic. However, patients may occasionally present with acute abdomen because of an intestinal obstruction or peritonitis caused by infected cysts, hemorrhaging, and/or torsion. This report describes a case of omental cystic lymphangioma with acute intracystic haemorrhage. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: To compare single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) with conventional (CLA) and transumbilical laparoscopic appendectomy (TULA). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into three groups, SILA, CLA, and TULA. SILA was defined as performing appendectomy extracorporeally or intracorporeally by using a glove-port incorporated with 3 trocars. TULA was defined as exteriorizing appendix and performing extracorporeal appendectomy by using an operative telescope...

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage liver disease and pretransplant Aspergillus colonization are problematic for determining liver transplant candidacy and timing of transplantation because of concerns for posttransplant invasive aspergillosis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical and laboratory records of all adult patients (aged ≥18 y) who underwent liver transplantation with pretransplant Aspergillus colonization at the Ronald Reagan University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015...

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 serum concentration in patients with T2DM with intraabdominal postoperative abscesses in perioperative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The 48 participants, aged 40 - 75 years, among them 24 males and 24 females. All patients were divided into groups: group 1 - 12 patients with T2DM and intra-abdominal postoperative abscesses, group 2 - 12 patients without T2DM but with intra-abdominal postoperative abscesses and 24 healthy individuals...

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are frequently defined using the criteria established by Magiorakos et al [Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:268-81]. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) [Kadri et al, Clin Infect Dis 2018;67:1803-14] is a novel approach to defining resistance in gram-negative bacilli focusing on treatment-limiting resistance to first-line agents (all β-lactams and fluoroquinolones). METHODS: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-defined broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for imipenem/relebactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and comparators against respiratory, intraabdominal, and urinary isolates of Enterobacterales (n = 10 516) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2732) collected in 26 US hospitals in 2015-2017...

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO) requiring laparotomy after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) in children and to identify risk factors for SBO. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent appendectomy from 2000 to 2014 at our department of Pediatric Surgery were reviewed. Risk factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: Totally 619 out of 840 patients were included...

OBJECTIVE: Intra-abdominal gossypiboma may present with variable clinical presentations. The clinical picture that the patient presents with depends on the site of the retained gauze in the abdomen, with transmural migration leading to intraabdominal gauze being a rare occurrence. We systemically analyze articles and reports related to the transmural migration of gossypiboma. In addition, we report a case of ileal transmigration of gossypiboma in a 53-year-old female. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using Embase and Medline for articles pertaining to transmural migration of gossypiboma...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare early and long-term results of open repair of patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) with matched cohort of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS: This retrospective single-center cohort study used prospectively collected data from an institutional registry from 1786 patients between 2009 and 2015. Patients with IAAA and AAA were matched by propensity score analysis controlling for demographics, baseline comorbidities, and AAA parameters in a 1:2 ratio...

Amebiasis caused by protozoa Entamoeba histolytica (EH) is the third leading parasitic cause of human mortality. Although amebiasis is endemic in India, only about 10% of the infected individuals manifest disease. Clinical spectrum of amebiasis ranges from asymptomatic colonization to amebic colitis to hemorrhagic and fulminant colitis. Factors causing an invasive infection are not completely understood. Pathogen virulence, host immunity, and ability of the pathogen to evade host immune response play vital role in determining the disease course...

Globally, schistosomal infections affect over 200 million people resulting in the loss of 70 million disability-adjusted life years. In the sub-Saharan Africa region, where over 85% of the global schistosomal infections are found, it is estimated that about 120 million people become symptomatic, over 20 million have severe disease, and nearly 200 000 die every year. Renal impairment is a severe consequence of schistosomiasis occurring in about 6% of all infected individuals and in 15% of those with the hepatosplenic form...

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen. Complications from surgical appendectomy include intraabdominal abscess, bleeding, surgical site infections, ileus, and stump appendicitis (SA). This last one is one of the least common ones with a reported incidence of 1:50.000. METHODS: We present a case and review 132 cases of SA reported in the literature. Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated, as well as details of the surgical treatment...

Background . Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Pediatric patients are more likely to develop severe disease. Abdominal TB is a rare manifestation of pediatric TB and can present with chronic and nonspecific abdominal symptoms. This study examines the clinical profile of pediatric patients with abdominal TB and treatment outcomes. Method . A retrospective study of patients admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Singapore over 10 years. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were examined...

BACKGROUND: Employing an institutional initiative to minimize variance in pediatric surgical care, we implemented a set of perioperative bundled interventions for all colorectal procedures to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). METHODS: Implementation of a standard colon bundle at two children's hospitals began in December 2014. Subjects who underwent a colorectal procedure during the study period were analyzed. Demographics, outcomes, and complications were compared with Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, as appropriate...

Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam (IMI-REL) is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination recently approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) and complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs). Relebactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with the ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of β-lactamases such as class A and class C β-lactamases, including carbapenemases. The addition of relebactam to imipenem restores imipenem activity against several imipenem-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

BACKGROUND: intestinal glycocalyx plays a role in bacterial translocation as the pathogenesis sepsis derived from intra-abdominal infections that vulnerable in certain blood types. However, the link between intestinal glycocalyx in specific types of blood groups and abdominal infections remains unknown. This study aims to find out the condition of intestinal glycocalyx in certain blood types with intraabdominal sepsis. METHODS: descriptive study involved subjects with intraabdominal infections who underwent laparotomy...

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic mesh infection (PMI) is a challenging complication of ventral hernia repair (VHR). The sparsity of data leaves only experience and judgment to guide surgical decision-making. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with PMI. Subsequent abdominal operation (SAO) constitutes any intraabdominal operation occurring after the index hernia repair prior to PMI presentation. Any mesh removal was considered salvage failure. Analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Fishers Exact, or Mann-Whitney U test...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The increase in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) because of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is a global concern. Although MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are often overlooked as a cause of SSTIs, their burden on the morbidity of many subgroups of patients is high. There is a paucity in the available treatment options and guidelines on how to treat these pathogens. This manuscript reviews the management of SSTIs caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia...

Introduction. Infections attributable to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are increasing globally. New antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to treat patients with these infections. Aim. To describe susceptibility to the novel carbapenem-β-lactamase inhibitor combination imipenem-relebactam and comparators of clinical isolates of non-Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae (NPE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from intraabdominal infections (IAIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods. Broth microdilution MICs were determined for isolates collected in 22 European countries in 2015-2017 and interpreted using EUCAST breakpoints; imipenem-relebactam MICs were interpreted using imipenem breakpoints...

INTRODUCTION: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare condition in infants, children and adolescents. The postoperative variant of this rapidly progressive ulceration is known as Cullen gangrene. Only a few case reports of pediatric Cullen gangrene have been published. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a male infant (gestational age 31 + 6 weeks) with gastroschisis and intrauterine volvulus. After multiple operations due to his complex gastrointestinal malformation, the patient showed classical symptoms of postoperative PG (PPG) 4 weeks after birth...